Dog Genome Sequenced

December 13, 2005 -- Geneticists have published the full genetic code of a 12-year-old boxer. There are more than 400 dog breeds, distinguishable from each other by millions of small differences that are clustered in blocks within the animal's genetic code. These genetic differences are a useful tool for understanding how complex traits in dogs have evolved.

Scientists have also pinpointed a group of DNA sequences that are similar among mice, humans, and dogs, a finding that could reveal important molecular switches that control gene activity. The new sequenced code may also help identify the causes of genetic diseases that affect both humans and dogs, such as cancer.

Two National Research Council reports explore the benefits and risks of genetic research on animals. Exploring Horizons for Domestic Animal Genomics: Workshop Summary identifies which animal genomes would yield the greatest benefit if sequenced and annotated, an expensive and time-consuming process. Animal Biotechnology: Science-Based Concerns discusses hypothetical risks associated with the manipulation of animal genomes. Intended as a guide to safe application of animal biotechnology, the report considers the range of possible unintended consequences to food safety, human health, animal welfare, and the environment.

• Exploring Horizons for Domestic Animal Genomics: Workshop Summary 2002
• Animal Biotechnology: Science-Based Concerns 2002

• The Broad Institute
• National Human Genome Research Institute