| AU | astronomical unit |
| C-G | Churyumov-Gerasimenko |
| CoPP | Committee on Planetary Protection |
| COSPAR | Committee on Space Research |
| D/H | deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio |
| EPOXI | Extrasolar Planet Observation and Deep Impact Extended Investigation |
| ESA | European Space Agency |
| FAA | Federal Aviation Administration |
| GCR | galactic cosmic radiation |
| IRTF | Infrared Telescope Facility |
| ISM | interstellar medium |
| JFC | Jupiter family comet |
| JPL | Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
| KBO | Kuiper Belt object |
| MBA | Main Belt asteroid |
| MBC | Main Belt comet |
| MIRSI | Mid-InfraRed Spectrometer and Imager |
| NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| NEA | near-Earth asteroid, synonymous with NEO |
| NEAR | Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous |
| NEO | near-Earth object |
| NIR | near-infrared |
| NPR | NASA Procedural Requirement |
| OSIRIS-REx | Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer |
| PDS | Planetary Data System |
| PPIRB | Planetary Protection Independent Review Board |
| SSB | Space Studies Board |
| STScI | Space Telescope Science Institute |
| SwRI | Southwest Research Institute |
| TBD | to be defined |
| TNO | Trans-Neptunian object |
| UVC | ultraviolet C |