Read "Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices" at NAP.edu

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

APPENDIX L

Detailed Simulation Results

PSST Sign Support System

Summary results from the PSST sign support system simulations are shown in the following tables. A matrix of simulations on a family of PSST systems with a post size of 2¼-in. x 2¼-in. x 12 gauge was carried out. The matrix included simulations with different panel sizes (1 ft x 1.5 ft, 2 ft x 2 ft, 2.5 ft x 2.5 ft, 3 ft x 3 ft, 3 ft x 4 ft, and 4 ft x 5 ft), different impact conditions (MASH test no. 3-60 with gold colored Yaris, MASH test no. 3-61 with red colored Yaris, and MASH test no. 3-62 with blue colored Silverado), different impact locations (center, driver-side offset, and passenger-side offset), and different impact angles (0, +25, and −25 degrees).

Results from each simulation are included in a summary table. Each table shows the predicted behavior of the PSST sign support system, the vehicle, and all the pertinent MASH metrics and evaluations. The basic system features and impact conditions are indicated in upper part of the table. The pictures below the heading show “snapshots” of the vehicle and sign positions at three points in time from two different views. The visual snapshots provide a convenient means to assess the performance of the sign support system. The lower part of the table provides a summary of the MASH crashworthiness evaluation metrics for the condition simulated and indicate whether they are met (pass/fail).

Page 245 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Summary of Results for Cases

Page 246 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.08” thick	3-60	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.6		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.2		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.2
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 247 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.08” thick	3-60	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.8		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.4		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.4
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 248 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.08” thick	3-60	Offset Passenger		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.8		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.4		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.5
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 249 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.0		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 250 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		-25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.8		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 251 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Steel Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		+25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.5		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 252 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		30 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.0		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.3
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 253 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.08” thick	3-62	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.6		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 254 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.08” thick	3-62	Center		+25		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.5		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 255 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.12” thick	3-60	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.7		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.2		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.2
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 256 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.12” thick	3-60	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.4		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.7
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 257 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.12” thick	3-60	Offset Passenger		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.8		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.1
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.5		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.6
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 258 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 259 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		-25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.7		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 260 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Steel Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		+25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.8		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 261 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		40 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.1		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 262 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.12” thick	3-62	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.6		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 263 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	1’ x 1.5’ 0.12” thick	3-62	Center		+25		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.6		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 264 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.08” thick	3-60	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.0		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.1
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.1		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.2
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 265 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.08” thick	3-60	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.2		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.1
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.2		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.3
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 266 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.08” thick	3-60	Offset Passenger		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		2		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.2		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.2		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.2
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 267 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.0		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 268 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		-25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 269 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Steel Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		+25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.6		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 270 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		4		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		107 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.0		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.3
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 271 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.08” thick	3-62	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.7		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 272 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.08” thick	3-62	Center		+25		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.6		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 273 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.12” thick	3-60	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.2		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.3		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.3
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 274 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.12” thick	3-60	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		2		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.4		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.2		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.4
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 275 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.12” thick	3-60	Offset Passenger		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		2		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.4		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.1
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.3		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.6
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 276 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 277 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		-25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.0		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0
						Ay (g)		0.0		ass
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 278 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Steel Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		+25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.7		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 279 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		100		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		315 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.8		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.3
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 280 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.12” thick	3-62	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.7		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 281 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2’ x 2’ 0.12” thick	3-62	Center		+25		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 282 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.08” thick	3-60	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.4		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.2		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.2
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 283 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.08” thick	3-60	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.4		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.2		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.5
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 284 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.08” thick	3-60	Offset Passenger		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		2		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.5		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.1
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.2		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.6
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 285 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 286 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Locatio		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		-25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.1
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 287 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Steel Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		+25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.7		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 288 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		6		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		173 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.8		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.2
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 289 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.08” thick	3-62	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.8		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 290 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.08” thick	3-62	Center		+25		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.2		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 291 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.12” thick	3-60	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.5		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.2		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.2
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 292 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.12” thick	3-60	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.6		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.2		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.4
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 293 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.12” thick	3-60	Offset Passenger		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		2		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.7		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.2		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.7
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 294 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.1		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 295 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		-25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		17 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.1
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 296 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Steel Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		+25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		10 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.2
						Vy (m/s)		0.1		Pass
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 297 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding. Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		108		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		320 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.8		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.2
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 298 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.12” thick	3-62	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm 0				Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.7		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 299 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	2.5’ x 2.5’ 0.12” thick	3-62	Center		+25		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.9
						Vy (m/s)		0.0		Pass
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 300 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 3’ 0.08” thick	3-60	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		2		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.7		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.4		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.9
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 301 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 3’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		30 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 302 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 3’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		-25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		60		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		110 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.1
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 303 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Steel Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 3’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		+25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		40 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.2
						Vy (m/s)		0.0		Pass
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 304 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 3’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		100		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		330 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.8		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.2
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 305 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 3’ 0.08” thick	3-62	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.4		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 306 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 3’ 0.08” thick	3-62	Center		+25		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		100
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.5		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 307 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 3’ 0.12” thick	3-60	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		2		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.5		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.7
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 308 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 3’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		70		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		120 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.8		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.1
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 309 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 3’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		-25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		30 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 310 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Steel Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 3’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		+25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		50 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.4		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 311 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 3’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		100		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		300 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.8		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.2
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 312 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 3’ 0.12” thick	3-62	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		120		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		100
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.7		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 313 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 3’ 0.12” thick	3-62	Center		+25		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		100
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 314 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 4’ 0.08” thick	3-60	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		2		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.4		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.7
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 315 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 4’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		110		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		225 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 316 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 4’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		-25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		40		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		80 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.0		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 317 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Steel Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 4’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		+25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		78 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.2		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 318 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 4’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		90		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		120 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.8		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.3
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 319 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 4’ 0.08” thick	3-62	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		60		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		140
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.7		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 320 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 4’ 0.08” thick	3-62	Center		+25		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		20		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		70
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.5		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 321 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 4’ 0.12” thick	3-60	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		2		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		3.2		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.5		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.7
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 322 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 4’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		110		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		210 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 323 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 4’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		-25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		40		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		78 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.1
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 324 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Steel Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 4’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		+25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		45 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.2		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.1
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 325 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 4’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		100		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		120 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.8		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.2
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 326 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 4’ 0.12” thick	3-62	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		75		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		140
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.7		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 327 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	3’ x 4’ 0.12” thick	3-62	Center		+25		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		40		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		60
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.0		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 328 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	4’ x 5’ 0.08” thick	3-60	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		2		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		3.4		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.2
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.4		Pass
						Ay (g)		1.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 329 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	4’ x 5’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		100		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		110 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		0
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.8		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 330 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	4’ x 5’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		-25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		100		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		170 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		2.2		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 331 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Steel Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	4’ x 5’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Center		+25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		91		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		161 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.0		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 332 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	4’ x 5’ 0.08” thick	3-61	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		84		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		104 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.8		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.3
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 333 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	4’ x 5’ 0.08” thick	3-62	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		82		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		85
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.7		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 334 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	4’ x 5’ 0.08” thick	3-62	Center		+25		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		70		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		45
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 335 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	4’ x 5’ 0.12” thick	3-60	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		0		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		3		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		3.6		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.4		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.9
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 336 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	4’ x 5’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		150		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		0
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.2		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 337 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	4’ x 5’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		-25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		202		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		85 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.5		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 338 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Steel Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	4’ x 5’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Center		+25 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		130		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		200 (tear)
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		1		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		1.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 339 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	4’ x 5’ 0.12” thick	3-61	Offset Driver		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		60		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		75
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		2
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.3
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 340 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	4’ x 5’ 0.12” thick	3-62	Center		0 deg		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		89		Fail
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		92
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.7		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.0
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 341 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.

Single PSST Post Sign Support System Mounting-Height: 7 ft; A1011 Gr.50 Post; Aluminum Panel; Anchor Embedment depth: 36 in
Post Size		Anchor Size	Panel Size	MASH Impact	Impact Location		Impact Angle		Wind Beam
2¼” x 2¼” 12 gauge		2½” x 2½” 12 gauge	4’ x 5’ 0.12” thick	3-62	Center		+25		No

Evaluation Criteria
B	The test article should readily activate in a predictable manner by breaking away, fracturing, or yielding.									Pass
D	Detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the test article should not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or present undue hazard to other traffic, pedestrians, or personnel in a work zone.									Pass
	All Deformations of, or intrusions into, the occupant compartment should not exceed limits set forth in Section 5.3 and Appendix E of MASH. [Roof less than 4.0 in (101.6 mm). Windshield-no tear of plastic liner and maximum deformation of 3 in (76.2 mm)]					Roof ≤ 101.6 mm		75		Pass
						Windshield ≤ 76.2 mm		56
F	The vehicle should remain upright during and after the collision. The maximum pitch & roll angles are not to exceed 75 degrees.					Max Roll (Deg)		0		Pass
						Max Pitch (Deg)		1
H	Longitudinal & lateral occupant impact velocities (OIV) should fall below the preferred value of 10 ft/s (3.0 m/s), or at least below the maximum allowed value of 16 ft/s (4.9 m/s)					Vx (m/s)		0.9		Pass
						Vy (m/s)		0.1
I	Longitudinal & lateral occupant ridedown accelerations (ORA) should fall below the preferred value of 15.0 g, or at least below the maximum allowed value of 20.49 g					Ax (g)		0.0		Pass
						Ay (g)		0.0
N	Vehicle trajectory behind the test article is acceptable									Pass

Page 342 Bookmark

Suggested Citation: "Appendix L: Detailed Simulation Results PSST Sign Support System." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27900.