The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is a congressionally mandated project administered by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). NAEP provides an assessment of what fourth, eighth, and twelfth graders in the U.S. know and can do in mathematics, reading, science, writing, and other core subjects. This consensus study will bring together a multidisciplinary panel to consider the ways that the use of digital technology and other major innovations could transform NAEP over the next ten years and beyond. The study will also consider the effects of these possible innovations on the cost of the NAEP program.