Identifying and Reducing Environmental Health Risks of Chemicals in Our Society: Workshop Summary (2014)
Chapter: Front Matter
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Identifying and Reducing WORKSHOP SUMMARY |
Robert Pool and Erin Rusch, Rapporteurs
Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine
Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The workshop that is the subject of this workshop summary was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (HHSN26300033), The Kresge Foundation, Colgate-Palmolive Company, ExxonMobil Foundation, and Royal Dutch Shell. The views presented in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the activity.
This summary is based on the proceedings of a workshop that was sponsored by the Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine. It is prepared in the form of a workshop summary by and in the name of the rapporteurs as an individually authored document.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-30115-2
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-30115-7
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Copyright 2014 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2014. Identifying and reducing environmental health risks of chemicals in our society: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
“Knowing is not enough; we must apply.
Willing is not enough; we must do.”
—Goethe
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advising the Nation. Improving Health.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR THE WORKSHOP ON IDENTIFYING AND REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKS OF CHEMICALS IN OUR SOCIETY1
DENNIS J. DEVLIN, ExxonMobil Corporation, Irving, TX
LYNN R. GOLDMAN, George Washington University, Washington, DC
WILLIAM E. HALPERIN, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
AL MCGARTLAND, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
SUSAN L. SANTOS, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
KIMBERLY THIGPEN TART, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
PATRICIA VERDUIN, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ
HAROLD ZENICK, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC
___________________
1 Institute of Medicine planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
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ROUNDTABLE ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, RESEARCH, AND MEDICINE1
FRANK LOY (Chair), Washington, DC
LYNN R. GOLDMAN (Vice-Chair), George Washington University, Washington, DC
HENRY A. ANDERSON, Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Madison
JOHN M. BALBUS, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
JAMES K. BARTRAM, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
FAIYAZ BHOJANI, Royal Dutch Shell, The Hague, Netherlands
LINDA S. BIRNBAUM, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
LUZ CLAUDIO, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
DENNIS J. DEVLIN, ExxonMobil Corporation, Irving, TX
RICHARD A. FENSKE, University of Washington, Seattle
DAVID D. FUKUZAWA, The Kresge Foundation, Troy, MI
LUIZ A. GALVÃO, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC
BERNARD D. GOLDSTEIN, University of Pittsburgh, PA
RICHARD J. JACKSON, University of California, Los Angeles
SUZETTE M. KIMBALL, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA
JAY LEMERY, University of Colorado, Denver
ANDREW MAGUIRE, Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, DC
LINDA A. MCCAULEY, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
AL MCGARTLAND, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
DAVID M. MICHAELS, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Washington, DC
CANICE NOLAN, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium
CHRISTOPHER J. PORTIER, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
___________________
1 Institute of Medicine forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
PAUL SANDIFER, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, SC
SUSAN L. SANTOS, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
JOHN D. SPENGLER, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
G. DAVID TILMAN, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
PATRICIA VERDUIN, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ
NSEDU OBOT WITHERSPOON, Children’s Environmental Health Network, Washington, DC
HAROLD ZENICK, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC
IOM Staff
KATHLEEN STRATTON, Study Director (from September 2013)
ERIN RUSCH, Associate Program Officer
HOPE HARE, Administrative Assistant
ROSE MARIE MARTINEZ, Director, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice
Reviewers
This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published workshop summary as sound as possible and to ensure that the workshop summary meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this workshop summary:
Johanna T. Dwyer, Tufts Medical Center
Jay Lemery, University of Colorado School of Medicine
Patricia Verduin, Colgate-Palmolive Company
Lauren Zeise, California Environmental Protection Agency
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the workshop summary before its release. The review of this workshop summary was overseen by Mark R. Cullen, Stanford University. Appointed by the Institute of Medicine, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this workshop summary was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this workshop summary rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the institution.
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Contents
2 THE CHALLENGE: CHEMICALS IN TODAY’S SOCIETY
The Public Health Approach to Industrial Chemical Assessments
National Conversation on Public Health and Chemical Exposures
3 CURRENT REGULATORY APPROACHES TO DEALING WITH INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
The Toxic Substances Control Act
The European Commission Approach
4 MODELS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT AND EXPOSURE SCIENCE
Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment
Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy
Advancing the Next Generation of Risk Assessment
5 APPROACHES TO PRIORITIZING CHEMICALS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK MANAGEMENT
Developing Models to Prioritize Chemicals for Target Testing
Approaches to Priority Setting in California
Assessing and Prioritizing Risks in Canada
6 CURRENT EFFORTS TO REDUCE THE RISK OF CHEMICALS IN OUR SOCIETY
Case Study: Dow Chemical Company
Case Study: American Chemical Society Green Chemistry Institute
Case Study: Substitute It Now and GreenScreen
Case Study: Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Institute
