A
Absolute temperature scale, 4, 6, 99, 100, 143
Absolute zero temperature, 4, 99, 101, 109-110
Action-at-a-distance philosophy, 56, 80, 87-88, 105
Adams, John Couch, 285
Admiralty (U.K.), 193-194, 219, 237-238, 240, 241-242, 253, 255-259.
See also Compass Department
Aepinus, Franz Ulrich Theodor, 296, 303, 306, 314
Airy, George, 62, 121, 228, 233-234, 235, 238, 239, 240, 241
Albert, Prince, 230
American Association for the Advancement of Science, 244
American Cyanamide, 291
Amontons, Guillaume, 99
Anglo-American Telegraph, 161, 260
Apreece, Mrs., 83
Arago, Dominique-François, 53-54
Armstrong, William, 227
Athenaeum (magazine), 125, 126
Atlantic Telegraph Company, 129, 133, 135, 137, 138-139, 141, 161, 162
Atomic models, 5, 6, 106, 110, 262, 264, 266, 284, 285-286, 289, 295-297, 303, 306-307, 309, 313
Automobiles, 291
B
Bacon, Francis, 91
Baltimore lectures, 242, 244-252, 262, 264, 272-273, 274-275, 276, 289, 296, 301, 306, 311, 312, 313, 316
Battle of Ballynahinch, 25
Belfast Magazine and Literary Journal, 54
Belfer, Lauren, 8
Bell, Alexander Graham, 2, 243
Bernard, Sarah, 83
Biot, Jean-Baptiste, 53-54, 55
Blackburn, Hugh, 37, 38, 41, 43, 53, 88, 94, 197, 198, 199, 221, 287
Blackburn, Jemima, 94, 96, 197-198, 199, 221, 287
Blandy, Charles, 225
Blandy, Frances Anna (Fanny), 226-227, 261, 288
Boer War, 304
Bottomley, James Thomson, 79, 195, 219, 287
Bottomley, William, 14, 61, 219
Brett, John, 114-120, 121, 128, 129, 147, 156-157
Brett’s Submarine Telegraph (Brett), 117
Brewster, David, 54
Bright, Charles, 115, 129, 130, 131, 134, 136, 145, 146, 148, 151, 153, 157
Bristed, Charles Arthur, 49, 50
British Association for the Advancement of Science, 72-73, 82, 112-113, 122, 125, 145, 146, 147, 149-150, 152, 167, 171, 180, 211, 216, 217, 220, 238, 239, 243, 244, 267, 275, 277, 283, 284-285, 288, 289, 290, 302, 303, 309
Brunel, Isambard Kingdom, 158-159, 230
Bruno, Giordano, 217
Buchanan, Professor, 52
Burney, Fanny, 38-39
C
Calculators, mechanical, 55, 228-229
Calculus
Caloric, 16, 67, 68, 101, 111, 184
Cambridge Mathematical Journal, 13, 19, 20, 34-35, 37, 45, 79
Cambridge University
Adams Prize, 285
Cavendish Laboratory and Chair, 196-197, 220, 261-262
little-go, 30
Lucasian Professor, 90
Music Society, 21
science and mathematics at, 31-34, 36, 48-50, 54, 55, 90, 93
Smith’s prize, 52-53
St. Peter’s College (Peterhouse), 11-12, 196, 216
undergraduate life, 21, 29-36, 197
wrangler competition, 31-34, 36, 48-50, 88, 172, 196, 198-199, 216, 262, 279
Capacitors and capacitance, 122, 124, 151
Carnot, Hippolyte, 66
Carnot, Lazare, 66
Carnot cycle, 66-70, 72, 75, 76, 79, 100, 101-103, 105, 106, 109-110, 111, 143, 163, 188, 208, 223
Case Research Institute, 276
Cauchy, Augustin Louis, 53, 55
Chicago World’s Fair, 287
Chlorine, liquefication, 84
Church, Frederic, 128
City of Glasgow Union Railway Company, 195
City of Light (Belfer), 8
City Philosophical Society, 82
Civil War (England), 25
Civil War (U.S.), 142, 156, 162
Clapeyron, Emile, 65-66, 69, 72, 75, 98, 104
Clark, Josiah Latimer, 121-122, 145, 146, 148, 151, 152-153, 156
Clausius, Rudolf, 104-105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 154, 181-182, 188, 208-211, 217, 265, 311, 318
Colding, L. A., 187
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 84
Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Society (Melbourne), 79
Commercial Cable Company, 260-261
Compass Department, Admiralty, 233, 237, 255-256, 257-259
Compasses
Admiralty Standard, 237-238, 240, 241, 242, 255-259
Barlow plate, 232
binnacle, 241
correction tables, 232, 235-236, 237, 254-255
Flinders bar, 240
iron ships and, 230-243
latitude error, 234
needle design, 236-237
swinging a ship to calibrate, 231-232, 235, 237, 254-255
Thomson, 235-236, 239-240, 241-242, 243, 252, 253-254, 256-259
Comptes Rendus (journal), 178
Conductivity standards, 142
Conservation of angular momentum, 280
Conservation of energy, law of, 3-4, 6, 103, 106, 108, 110, 172, 177-189, 203, 208
Cook, Captain, 230
Cookson, Dr., 12, 21, 22, 24, 35, 44, 49, 52, 61, 62, 196
Copernicus, 217
Cornell, Ezra, 116
Coulomb, Charles, 35, 53, 55, 82, 144, 151
Cours d’Analyse (Cauchy), 53
Cromwell, Oliver, 24
Crum, Margaret (Kelvin’s wife), 95-98, 112, 125, 167, 189-190, 191-192, 220-221, 226
Crum, Walter, 95
Curie, Pierre, 302
D
Dalton, John, 73
Dance, Mr., 82
Darwin, Charles, 6, 170, 174, 177, 212, 214, 217, 279
Darwin, Emma, 279
Darwin, George Howard, 279-280, 283, 302, 310
Davy, Humphrey, 82, 83, 84, 183, 184, 189, 297 n.6
de Castro, João, 230
de Cogan, D., 140 n.3
de Sauty, C. W., 134
Democritus, 217
Devonshire, Duke of, 196
Dewar, Katherine, 198
Dickens, Charles, 268
E
Earth
age/lifetime controversy, 6, 36, 164-165, 167-169, 170-171, 172-177, 186, 277-284, 302-303, 308
heat gradients within, 164, 167-168, 169
lunar orbit, 280
magnetic field, 144-145
thermal properties and composition, 281, 282-283
tidal friction, 278, 279, 280, 283, 284
East India Company, 116
Eastern Cable Company, 260
Echo-sounding sonar devices, 224
Edison, Thomas, 4, 243-244, 253, 268, 293, 298
Edward VII, 255
Einstein, Albert, 82, 277, 306
Electric fields, mathematics of, 35, 86.
See also Electromagnetic fields
Electric meters, 269
Electrical measurement, 9, 142-144, 146-153, 269
Electrician (journal), 145
ac/dc controversy, 292-294, 301
early theories, 296-297
generation and transmission, 2, 73, 74-75, 269, 290-294, 299-300, 301
industry and residential, 227, 260, 269, 291, 299
on ships, 253-254
standardization of units, 9, 142-153, 197
and submarine telegraph, 121-125
transformers, 293
Electricity (Murphy), 199
Electrochemistry, 84
Electromagnetic fields, 73-74, 80, 84-87, 93, 200, 202, 245-246, 251-252, 271-272, 314
Electromagnetic induction, 85
Electromagnetic spectrum, 245-247, 248-249, 267
Electromagnetic theory, 3, 5, 6, 7, 73, 79, 80, 84-85, 86-88, 91, 93, 105, 106, 112, 127, 155, 199-203, 245-246, 251-252, 262-263, 264, 267, 269-271, 284, 286, 306, 312
Ely, Bishop of, 62
Encyclopedia Britannica, 82
Energy
internal, 188
mathematical definition of, 272
Energy and Empire (Smith and Wise), 94 n.5
England
industrial revolution, 64-65
mathematics and science in, 54-55
and submarine telegraph, 116-118
telegraph line, 295
Entropy, 110-111, 154, 208-211, 242, 265
Epicurus, 217
Essay on the Application of Mathematical Analysis to the Theories of Electricity and Magnetism (Green), 79
Ether models, 264, 266, 267, 285-286, 289, 295-296, 300
Euclid, 53
Euler, Leonhard, 54
European and American Telegraph Company, 118
Evans, Frederick, 238, 239, 241, 242, 243, 255, 258
Evelina (Burney), 38-39, 47, 95
Evolution, theory of, 6, 8, 174, 211-214
Ewing, J. A., 70-71
F
Fahrenheit, Gabriel, 98
Fanning, A. E., 258
Faraday, Michael, 3, 35, 55, 56, 61, 73, 79, 80, 82-88, 105, 115, 121-122, 151-152, 155, 157, 178, 179, 180, 181, 199, 200, 201, 202, 223, 272-273, 293, 311
Feilitzsch (German astronomer), 180
Field, Cyrus West, 120, 121, 127-130, 131, 134, 135, 136, 138, 140, 142, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162
Field, Matthew, 128
Fischer, Ludwig, 36, 37, 38, 40, 43, 76-77, 94, 203
Fisher, John Arbuthnot, 252-258, 310
FitzGerald, George Francis, 272, 274-275, 276-277, 285, 286, 313
Flarty, Captain, 219
Fleming, J. A., 33
Flinders, Matthew, 230-231, 232-233, 234, 240
Fluid mechanics, 7, 222, 248, 250-251, 264, 266-267, 285-286, 289, 304, 312
Forbes, J. D., 101, 102, 167, 169, 172, 217, 315
Fourier, Jean-Baptiste Joseph, 15-17, 28, 34, 35, 36, 37, 57, 66, 69, 79, 82, 106-107, 110, 113, 124, 164
Fourier’s law of heat conduction, 16-18, 35, 167, 169
France
science and mathematics in, 53-57, 69
and submarine telegraph, 117-118
Fraunhofer, Joseph von, 247
French Academy of Sciences, 57
Fresnel, Augustin, 53-54
Friction, 75
G
Gallio, 174-175 n.3
Galvani, Luigi, 151
Galvanometers, 85, 132-133, 134, 135-136, 139, 141, 142-143, 145, 155, 157, 162-163, 190-191
Garryowen (steamer), 232
Geikie, Archibald, 277, 278, 282, 284, 310
Geological Society of Glasgow, 175
Germany
science and mathematics in, 54
and submarine telegraph, 116
Gibb, John, 317
Gibbs, Wolcott, 245
Gilman, Daniel Coit, 244-245
Glacier motion, theoretical dispute, 217
Glasgow Philosophical Society, 154
Glasgow University, 11, 27-28, 29, 44-47
engineering department, 101
experimental physics laboratory, 92-94, 195-196
Natural Philosophy chair, 48, 50, 52-53, 58
relocation, 194-195
Westminister confession, 88-89, 90-91
Glass, Elliott, 129, 134-135, 142, 156, 159
Good Words (magazine), 177-178, 186, 235, 236
Gordon, Lewis, 101
Grand unified theory, 266-267, 285, 297
Gravitational energy, 167
Great Britain (ship), 230
Great Eastern (ship), 158-159, 160, 161, 162
Great Western Railway Company, 158
Gregory, David F., 13, 14, 19, 20, 45, 46, 86
Gutta percha, 115, 116, 131, 140, 147-148, 158
Gutta Percha Company, 129, 132, 156, 159
H
Halley, Edmund, 54-55 n.7
Hamilton, William Rowan, 122
Harvard College, 245
Heat conduction, 16-18, 35, 82, 164
Heat pump, 154
Heat transfer, and work production, 67
Heaviside, Oliver, 267-274, 281, 285, 286, 297 n.6
Helmholtz, Anna von, 287
Helmholtz, Hermann von, 3, 70, 96, 97, 108, 109, 112-113, 132-133, 150, 152, 167, 185, 186, 187-188, 206, 207, 209, 216, 220, 221-222, 225 n.3, 264, 266-267, 284, 285, 287-289, 313
Henry, Joseph, 85
Herringham, W. W., 235
Herschel, William, 54, 55, 61, 62, 297 n.6
H.M.S. Agamemnon, 130, 131, 133, 134, 135
H.M.S. Captain, 193-194, 195-196, 218-219
H.M.S. Northhampton, 253
Hopkins, William, 21, 30-31, 32, 34, 35, 37, 41, 42, 43-44, 46, 48-49, 51-52, 61, 62, 80
Horseley’s, 71
Huxley, Thomas H., 173-175, 177, 179, 180, 214, 216, 220
I
See also Carnot cycle
India Telegraph Service, 219-220
Industrial revolution, 64-65, 73
Inkjet printer, 191
Institute of Electrical Engineers (U.S.), 298
Institution of Civil Engineers (London), 9
Institution of Electrical Engineers (U.K.), 148, 152, 269, 286
International Conference for the Determination of Electrical Units, 150
Inverse-square law, 35, 55, 80, 82, 144, 196, 246
Iron ships, compasses and, 230-243
Isotropic materials, 250
J
Jacobi, Carl, 73
James VI of Scotland (James I of England), 24-25
Jenkin, Fleeming, 146-148, 151, 153, 154, 163, 170, 212, 224, 225, 287
Johns Hopkins University, 152 n.5, 242, 244-252
Johnson, Edward, 232-233, 237, 238
Joly, J., 302-303
Joule, James Prescott, 72-75, 76, 93, 101, 103, 104, 105, 107, 110, 132, 140, 144, 146, 178, 182-187, 189, 208, 223, 262, 291, 311, 318
Journal de Mathématique, 55
K
Kelland, Philip, 13, 17-20, 34
Kelvin, Lord. See Thomson, William, Lord Kelvin
Kelvin and White, 8
Kelvin angle, 8
Kelvin-Helmholtz timescale, 7
Kelvin’s law of power transmission, 291-292
King, David Thomson, 287
King, Elizabeth Thomson, 316-317
King’s College, 149
Kirchhoff, Gustav, 247
Knott, C. G., 194-195, 216, 227, 274
L
Laborde, Albert, 302
Lagrange, Joseph Louis, 53, 54
Lalla Rookh and sailing adventures, 193, 195, 204, 215, 216, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223-224, 226, 235, 240, 242
Laplace, Pierre Simon, 53, 54, 228
Larmor, Joseph, 40, 295, 306, 312, 313
Lederman, Leon, 270
Leibnitz, Gottfried, 54-55
Leitch, Mr., 192
Leverrier, Urbain, 166
Leyden jar, 122
Lightbulb, 253
Lighthouse signaling code, 228, 230
Lines of force, 35, 56, 79, 80, 85, 199, 200, 201, 273
Liouville, Joseph, 55, 56, 62, 63, 80
Liverpool Compass Committee, 239
Lorentz, Hendrik, 276-277
Low, John, 304
M
Macleod, Norman, 178
Macmillan’s Magazine, 167, 186
Maconochie, Dean, 61
Magnetic fields, 230-243, 246.
See also Electromagnetic fields;
Electromagnetic theory
Magnus effect, 304
Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, 73, 74
Marischal College, 198
Maxwell, James Clerk, 3, 5, 91, 146, 149, 154-155, 196-203, 205, 206-207, 210, 216, 217-218, 220, 245-246, 251-252, 261, 263, 264, 265, 267, 269, 270-271, 273, 275, 277, 284-285, 295, 311, 312
Maxwellians, 272, 274, 285, 286, 297
May, W. E., 255
Mayer, Julius Robert, 178, 181-182, 184, 185-189, 208, 211
Mayes, William, 241, 242, 255, 258, 289
McGill University, 302
McKinley, William, 8
Meikleham, William, 45, 46, 47, 53, 58, 59, 60, 86, 93
Menlo Park, 293
Mercury (planet), 166
Moore, Thomas, 193 n.5
Morse, Samuel, 116, 119, 120, 121, 128, 129, 132, 134
Morse code, 116, 119, 225, 228
N
Napoleon I, 66
National Academy of Sciences, 260
National Physical Laboratory, 288
Natural selection, 212-213, 283
Nature (magazine), 206, 217, 227-228, 273, 274, 282 n.4, 284, 302, 306, 307, 312
Nautical Almanac Office, 229
Neptune (planet), 285
Netherhall house and laboratory, 227, 287, 298, 309, 312
Newcomb, Simon, 260
Newton, Isaac, 4, 31, 53, 54-55, 56, 65, 82, 90, 187, 189, 196, 203, 222, 244, 247, 262-263, 267, 275, 305, 311
Nichol, John (son), 24, 28, 70
Nichol, John Pringle (Professor), 16, 28, 45, 54, 58
Nonisotropic materials, 250-251
Northern Ireland, 25
Nuclear physics, 262
O
Origin of Species (Darwin), 170, 212
O’Shaughnessy, William, 116
Owen, Robert, 179
P
Paley, Bishop, 213
Parkinson, Stephen, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52-53
Paroxysmal hypotheses, 168
Pasley, Colonel, 116
Peel, Robert, 116
Pembroke College, 88
Permeability of a vacuum, 246
Permittivity of a vacuum, 246
Perry, John, 281-282
Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition, 243
Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Newton), 53
Philosophical Magazine, 74, 122, 123, 179, 186, 210
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 205
Physics textbook, 203-208
Physikalische-Technische Reichsanstalt, 288
Planck, Max, 306
Poisson, Siméon Denis, 53, 54, 235
Porter, James, 216
Porter, John, 216
Porter, William, 216
Poulton, E. B., 283
Poynting, J. H., 272
Presbyterian Church of Scotland, 88-89
Pressure recording device, 224-225
Princeton University, 260
Principle of maximum efficiency, 107, 108, 111
Principles of Geology (Lyell), 169
Proceedings of the Royal Society, 74, 90, 124, 229, 231
Q
Quantum mechanics, 204, 313-314
Quantum theory, 306
Quaternions, 207-208, 242, 273-274, 304
Queenwood school, 179
R
Radioactive dating, 303
Radioactive decay, 302, 303, 306, 307, 308
Radioactivity, 6, 262, 263, 284, 302, 306, 309
Rainbow (steamer), 233
Ramsay, Andrew, 171
Rankine, William John MacQuorn, 106, 108, 110, 111, 123, 194, 211, 250-251, 287, 318
Rayleigh, Lord, 247-248, 261-262, 275, 286, 288, 289, 303, 307, 310
Regnault, Victor, 57, 58, 65, 99, 100, 102, 104
Resistance, electrical, 73, 124, 142, 143, 144, 145, 148-149, 150, 152
Resolution (ship), 230
Riebau, George, 82
Ritchie, E. S., 243
R.M.S. Makura, 317
Roberts, Edward, 229
Robespierre, 66
Robinson, Miss (Stokes’s wife), 305
Röntgen, Wilhelm, 295
Rowland, Henry A., 152 n.5
Royal Institution, 82, 83, 178, 179-180, 181, 202, 308
Royal Military Academy, 231
Royal Society of Edinburgh, 101, 103, 166, 168, 173, 227, 264
Royal Society of London, 72, 74, 90, 94, 141, 180, 205, 253, 258, 270, 312
R. S. Newall, 129, 134-135, 147
Rumford, Count (Benjamin Thompson), 183, 297 n.6
Ruskin, John, 197
Russell, W. H., 115 n.1
Rutherford, Ernest, 302, 303, 307, 308, 309
Rutherford, Lord Rector of Glasgow University, 61
S
Sandeman, Robert, 83
Schuster, Arthur, 305
Scoresby, William, 238-239
Scotland, mathematics and science in, 54
Scott, George Gilbert, 195
Scott, Sir Walter, 206 n.6
Scottish Amicable Insurance Office, 79
Sèguin, Marc, 187
Sellers, Coleman, 292
Shaffner, Taliaferro, 157
Siemens, Werner, 116, 119, 145, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 156-157, 288, 290
Signal transmission.
See also Telegraphy theory
electromagnetic theory and, 268-269
peristaltic model, 124-125
Sketch of Thermodynamics (Tait), 208-211
Smith, Archibald, 13-14, 19, 37, 45, 47, 60, 62, 63, 88, 94-95, 193, 235-236, 238, 239
Smith, Sabrina, 94-95
Smith, Willoughby, 115
Smyth, Charles Piazzi, 180
Social Darwinism, 218 n.1
Society of Telegraph Engineers, 148, 163, 227, 268, 269
Soddy, Frederick, 303, 307, 309
Sounding devices, 219-220, 223-225, 240, 243
Spectroscopy, 247-249, 265, 266, 267, 284
Spencer, Herbert, 218 n.1
S.S. Russia, 243
St. Andrews University, 76, 94, 203, 220, 304
Steam power and steam engines, 57, 64-65
Clapeyron’s analysis, 65-66
technological problems, 125
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 20 n.2, 146-147, 225
Steward, Balfour, 247 n.7
Stirling, James, 68
Stokes, George Gabriel, 8, 52, 88-89, 90, 93, 95, 122-123, 124, 153, 205, 217, 222, 229, 235, 260, 276, 283, 289, 295, 305
Strutt, John William (Lord Rayleigh), 247-248
Sturm, Charles, 80
Submarine telegraph cable
cable design and experiments, 115, 116, 121-122, 123-124, 125-126, 128-130, 158, 160
English Channel, 114-118, 119, 121, 122, 156-157
Kiel harbor (Germany), 116
laying operations, 118, 119-120, 225
Mediterranean Sea, 118, 119, 142, 147
Persian Gulf to India, 156, 157, 191
quality control system, 132, 142
signal transmission delays and failures, 121, 132, 143, 158
Sun
condensation theory, 167
energy output, 302
meteor theory of energy, 165-166, 174, 182
solar prominences theory, 180
Superstrings, 314
Swan, Joseph, 253
T
Tait, Archibald Campbell, 205
Tait, Freddie, 303-304
Tait, Peter Guthrie, 32-33, 36, 171-173, 175-176, 177-178, 181, 183, 184-187, 189, 194-195, 203-211, 215-216, 217, 220, 227, 247 n.7, 264, 265, 273-274, 278, 281-282, 283, 303-305
Telegraph.
See also Submarine telegraph cable;
Transatlantic telegraph automatic receiver and electric pen, 243
letter printing machines, 118-119, 132, 191
mirror galvanometer receiver, 132-133, 134, 135-136, 139, 141, 142-143, 145, 155, 157, 162-163, 190-191
siphon recorder, 191-193, 195, 260-261
Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company, 159-160
Telegraphy theory, 123-124, 125-127, 286
telegraphy law of squares, 123-124, 125-127, 175, 210, 223
Telephones and telephony, 4, 243-244, 269
Temperature gradients, 16, 18, 164, 167-168, 169
Temperature scales, 98-100
Thackeray, William, 96, 129, 197
Théorie Analytique de la Chaleur (Fourier), 15, 16, 20
Théories des Functions Analytiques (Lagrange), 53
Theory of Heat (Maxwell), 210
Thermodynamics, 98, 100-113, 125, 154, 155, 163, 167, 168-169, 177-189, 263, 265, 267, 317-318
Thermoelectricity, 169
Thermometers, 99-100
Thermoscope, 98
Thompson, S. P., 17, 227 n.4, 312, 314, 316
Thomson, Allen, 45 n.6
Thomson, Anna, 11, 12, 14, 22-23, 25, 27, 28, 41, 61, 77, 78, 79, 94, 195, 287
Thomson, Elizabeth, 11, 12, 14, 15, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 51, 63, 72, 77, 78, 79, 90, 91, 94, 95, 98, 189, 257-258, 263, 287, 317
Thomson, J. J., 30 n.3, 248, 257, 262, 263, 285, 289, 305
Thomson, James (brother), 25, 26, 28, 29, 41, 47, 61, 69, 70-71, 72, 75, 76, 77, 79, 94, 102-103, 123, 148, 173, 193, 221, 228, 287
Thomson, James (father), 11, 13, 14, 19-20, 21, 22-29, 30, 31, 40, 43-45, 45 n. 6, 46, 47, 48-49, 50-52, 54, 55, 56, 58-60, 61-62, 78, 88, 90, 94, 95, 179, 195, 262
Thomson, John (ancestor), 24
Thomson, John (son of medical professor), 123
Thomson, Robert, 14-15, 25, 26, 40, 43, 78-79, 94, 287
Thomson, William (medical professor), 44, 46-47, 48, 58, 60, 123
Thomson, William, Lord Kelvin
absolute temperature scale, 4-5, 6, 100-101, 143
age-of-earth controversy, 6, 164-165, 167-169, 170-171, 172-174, 176, 177, 186, 211, 277, 278, 279, 281, 282-284, 308, 311
ancestry, 24-25
and atomic theories, 264, 266, 284, 285-286, 289, 295-297, 300, 303, 306-307, 309, 313-314
Baltimore lectures, 242, 244-252, 262, 264, 272-273, 274-275, 276, 289, 296, 301, 306, 311, 312, 313, 316
as Cambridge undergraduate, 11-14, 20-24, 29-31, 34-53, 55, 71, 220
celebrity status, 2-3, 4-5, 153, 154, 157, 244-245, 289-290, 298, 300-301
conservation-of-energy controversy, 177-189
contributions and discoveries, 2-5, 7-8, 123, 132-134, 154, 155, 163, 194, 260-261, 262-263, 264, 269, 311-312, 313
death, funeral, and burial, 4, 309, 310-311
and electric power generation and transmission, 2, 269, 290-294, 299-301
and electrical measurement, 9, 142-144, 146-153, 269
and electromagnetic theory, 80-81, 86-88, 93, 105, 106, 112, 113, 155, 180-181, 199-203, 222-223, 251-252, 262-263, 264, 267, 269, 272-273, 274, 275-277, 284, 286, 295, 306, 311, 312
empirical knowledge and research style, 57, 65-66, 69-70, 92-94, 210-211, 227, 265-266, 272-273, 274-275, 294-295
as entrepreneur and consultant, 2, 8, 133-134, 155, 163, 290-291, 299, 301, 312-313
entropy controversy, 208-211
and environmental issues, 290, 291
ether models, 264, 266, 267, 285-286, 289, 295-296, 300
and evolution theory, 6, 8, 174, 211-214, 220, 239
family life and relationships, 11, 13, 14-15, 19-20, 21, 22-24, 25-28, 37, 38, 43-45, 50-52, 61, 69-70, 77-79, 90, 94, 219, 221, 262, 287, 312-313
father’s influence, 13, 21, 22-24, 26, 30, 40, 43-45, 46, 47, 48-49, 50-52, 56, 58, 59-60, 61-62, 195
fellowship at St. Peter’s, 58-59, 60-61, 62, 79
and fluid mechanics, 222, 248, 250-251, 264, 266-267, 285-286, 289, 312
friends and colleagues, 20, 32, 70, 72-73, 76-77, 104, 112-113, 154, 177-178, 186, 197-198, 215-216, 219, 220, 221, 260, 270, 277, 287-288, 303-305
in Germany, 14, 37, 112-113, 125, 166
Glasgow Natural History chair, 44-47, 48, 50, 52-53, 58, 60-63, 75, 76-77, 90, 91-94, 164, 195, 260, 261, 264, 297-298
health problems, 1-2, 146, 153-154, 189-190, 298, 310
honors and awards, 7, 41, 52-53, 57, 79, 94, 142, 163, 258, 262, 292, 298
influential people and publications, 16-17, 36, 37, 57, 66, 69-70, 72-73, 75, 79, 80, 86-87, 90, 95, 100, 104, 105, 106, 154, 167, 188
interests and lifestyle, 21, 38-40, 41, 42-43, 47, 192-194, 204, 215, 216, 218-219, 220-221, 223, 226
and kinetic theory, 264-265, 266, 284
Lalla Rookh and sailing adventures, 193, 195, 204, 215, 216, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223-224, 226, 235, 240, 242
lectures and teaching style, 9, 91-94, 173, 242, 244-252, 262, 264, 283-284
marine consulting, 193-194, 195-196, 218-220, 254
married life, 2, 94-98, 112, 125, 167, 189-190, 220-221, 226-227, 243, 261, 288, 298, 300, 310
as mathematical prodigy, 7, 8, 13-14, 15, 16-20, 21, 34-36, 42, 43-44, 51, 52-53, 56-57, 70, 123-124, 155, 264, 312
as natural philosopher, 3, 203-208, 264, 297
navigation contributions, 223-225, 228-229, 230, 235-236, 239-240, 241-242, 243, 253-254, 256-259
Netherhall house and laboratory, 227, 287, 298, 309, 312
Paris studies, 53, 55-58, 65-66, 80
patents and patent litigation, 123, 133-134, 155, 157, 162-163, 191-193, 194, 224, 240, 244, 256-257, 258, 259, 269, 312-313
personal characteristics, 1-2, 3, 5-6, 8-9, 11, 15, 28-30, 32, 41, 70-71, 76, 80, 105, 155, 172, 181, 194-195, 219, 221, 227-228, 256-257, 288-289, 292, 299, 309-310
as physicist, 15, 17, 34-35, 56-57, 203-208, 211, 313
political views, 261, 295, 299
published works, 7, 13, 19-21, 26, 34-36, 37, 56, 79, 86-87, 100-102, 107-108, 124, 183, 203-208, 306, 309
religious beliefs and practices, 89-90, 91, 213-214, 217-218
reputation, 5-6, 7, 51, 58, 61-63, 113, 196-197, 244-245, 256-257, 259, 261, 274-276, 289-290, 306-308, 311-312
retirement, 297-298
ship design criteria, 194
social life and romance, 77, 94-95, 154, 204, 225-226
and steam-power research, 65-66, 69-70, 75, 98
telegraphy law of squares, 123-124, 125-127, 175, 210, 223
and thermodynamics, 98, 100-113, 125, 154, 155, 163, 167, 168-169, 170-171, 177-189, 208-211, 222-223, 265, 267, 311
and transatlantic telegraph, 3, 5, 8, 120-121, 122-125, 129, 130, 131-137, 139-142, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162-163, 166, 190-191, 210, 224-225, 260-261, 264, 312-313
travels and holidays, 14, 37, 43, 53, 76, 112, 167, 195, 298-301, 310
in United States, 1-2, 242-252, 298-301
wrangler competition, 31-32, 36-37, 43-45, 46, 48-51
Tidal Harmonic Analyser, 228-229
Torpedos, 253
Tower, Mr., 229
Traité de Mécanique (Poisson), 53
Traité de Mécanique Celeste (Laplace), 53
Traité de Physique Expérimentale et Mathématique (Biot), 54
Transatlantic telegraph, 3, 5, 8.
See also Submarine telegraph cable
British government investigation of 1858 failure, 156-157
cabling ships, 130-131, 133, 134, 135, 136, 158, 159, 161, 162, 224
capitalization and cost, 129
early entrepreneurs, 120
France to Newfoundland, 162, 191
laying operations, 130-131, 134, 159-160
navigation problems, 235
Newfoundland to Ireland, 135-136, 157, 161-162
Newfoundland to Norway, 157
paying-out system, 131, 133, 158, 223
permanently manned stations, 157
problems and failures, 131-132, 134-135, 138-139, 155, 156, 159-161
public reaction to, 136-138, 161-162
Queen Victoria-Buchanan messages, 137-138, 139, 141
receiver, 132-133, 134, 135, 139, 141
recovery of broken cables, 161, 162
United States to Newfoundland, 120, 128-129, 135
Treatise on Comets (Zöllner), 216-217
Treatise on Natural Philosophy (Thomson and Tait), 203-208
Trollope, Anthony, 197
Tyndall, John, 178-189, 204, 208, 216-217, 218, 220, 273
U
Uniformitarianism, 168, 169, 173, 174, 284, 303
Union Carbide, 291
Universal theoretical maximum, 68
Universe, heat death, 109
University College (Wales), 294
University of Edinburgh, 33, 147, 172, 287
University of Marburg, 179
University of Rochester, 1, 2, 3, 8, 300
Uranus (planet), 55
U.S.S. Niagara, 130-131, 134, 135, 235
V
Varley, C. F., 151, 159-160, 163
Vector calculus, 207, 271-272, 274, 285
Verdet, Émile, 187
Victoria, Queen, 7, 15, 130, 137-138, 202, 233, 261, 288
Victoria Institute, 283-284
Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe, 151
Vortex atoms, 264, 266, 267, 285, 297, 314
W
Wales, William, 230
Walker, T. F., 224
Water mills and water power, 65, 67
Wave theory of light, 245-251
Weber, Wilhelm, 3, 144, 145, 146, 148, 149
Wedderburn, Mrs., 197
Westinghouse, George, 2, 291, 293, 298, 299, 301
Westminster confession, 88-89, 90-91
Wheatstone, Charles, 116, 118, 132, 145, 146, 156, 229
Whewell, William, 55
Whitehouse, Edward Orange Wildman, 125-127, 129, 130, 132-134, 136-137, 139-142, 153, 156, 190
Wiggler model, 248
Wilhelm Meister (Goethe), 38, 40, 41, 42, 47, 95
William Joule & Son, 73 n.1
Wilson, William, 302