p. 3, “photos from that period”: Clark (1971) inserts.

p. 3, “Victory all along the line”: thanks to Döblin (1961) 36, for this reminder.

p. 3, “Rathenau had wept”: Elon (2002b) 18.

p. 3, “now he appealed”: Friedrich (1995) 28-29.

p. 4, “Max Wertheimer also rode”: Luchins and Luchins (1985) 19.

p. 4, “treasonable opinions”: Clark (1971) 233-35.

p. 4, “Once, in 1910”: Bolles (1991) 19-20.

p. 4, “the emperor’s chancellor had said”: Rudin (1967) 15.

p. 4, “Gropius was on furlough”: Gay (2001) 8-9.

p. 5, “a plague was taking liar”: Richie (1998) 295.

p. 5, “a crowd assembled outside the Reichstag”: Luchins and Luchins (1985) 19.

p. 5, “A third man”: Born (1971) 148-51.

p. 5, “When Gropius realized”: Gay (2001) 9.

p. 6, “he renounced his citizenship”: Clark (1971) 48; Frank (1947) 17.

p. 6, “A wit during prewar times”: Clark (1971) 214.

p. 6, “opposite of an intriguer”: Ibid. 180.

p. 7, “The Reichstag was a large, heavy”: Richie (1998) 216.

p. 7, “The Kaiser had hated”: Ibid.

p. 8, “the development … of mustard gas”: Kragh (1999) 132.

p. 8, “Max Born had supervised artillery”: Luchins and Luchins (1989) 12.

p. 8, “Ernest Rutherford, had duplicated”: Kragh (1999) 134.

p. 8, “How naive we were”: Born (1971) 148.

p. 8, “A newspaperman recognized”: Luchins and Luchins (1985) 19.

p. 9, “Inside the building”: Kessler (1999) 10.

p. 9, “the students passed a resolution”: Born (1971) 150.

p. 10, “had taken part in a historical”: Ibid. 151.

p. 12, “proletarian face”: Dachy (1990) 100.

p. 12, “pseudo-Italian setting”: Baedeker (1923) 65.

p. 13, “Baader rose and shouted”: Dachy (1990) 98-99.

p. 13, “To be against this manifesto”: Ibid. 93.

p. 13, “The Cabaret’s role”: Ibid. 33.

p. 14, “What is truly valuable”: Einstein (1931a) 6.

p. 14, “Logic is complication”: Dachy (1990) 37.

p. 14, “Invention is not the product”: Pais (1982) 131.

p. 15, “Say yes to a life”: Dachy (1990) 93.

p. 16, “It tore Planck’s soul”: Heilbron (2000) 83.

p. 16, “If the enemy has taken from our fatherland”: Kragh (1999) 140.

p. 16, “the book was beginning a bestsellerdom”: Forman (1971) 32-35.

p. 17, “What should our attitude be”: Marage and Wallenborn (1999b) 113-

114.

p. 18, “These cool blond people”: Frank (1947) 113.

p. 18, “he saved his pocket money”: Ibid. 21.

p. 19, “I dreamed I had cut my throat”: Fölsing (1997) 419.

p. 19, “a paper offering visible proof”: Einstein (1905a).

p. 19, “Einstein sometimes wondered why”: Pais (1982) 56.

p. 20, “Robert Brown had brought this seemingly perpetual motion”:

Ord-Hume (1977) 200.

p. 20, “In one short paper”: Born (1949) 165; Pais (1982) 86; Pauli (1949) 150;

Whitaker (1996) 89.

p. 20, “‘step,’ as Einstein called”: for example, Einstein (1921) 4; Einstein

(1953) 5; Einstein and Maric (1992) 32.

p. 21, “Here, [in Berlin]”: Fölsing (1997) 419.

p. 22, “a discrete quantity”: Planck (1901).

p. 24, “without any of the physical causes”: Einstein (1917) 76.

p. 24, “the young American, Arthur Compton”: Stuewer (1975).

p. 24, “a general point of view”: Ehrenfest (1917) 79.

p. 24, “a priori incredible”: Clark (1971) 273.

p. 24, “to show his gratitude”: Fölsing (1997) 420.

p. 26, “Berlin’s Anhalt station”: Baedeker (1923) 173.

p. 27, “The essential in … my type”: Einstein (1949) 33.

p. 27, “Man tries to make for himself”: Einstein (1982b) 225.

p. 28, “In his head he saw”: Ibid. 243-45.

p. 29, “This is absolute nonsense”: Clark (1971) 146.

p. 29, “Ehrenfest confessed wretchedly”: Pais (1982) 271.

p. 29, “Mann … thought he had a funny idea”: Kurzke (2002) 303.

p. 30, “substitute their … cosmos”: Einstein (1982b) 225.

p. 30, “Brilliant landscape and satisfied citizens”: Born (1971) 9.

p. 31, “He occasionally patronized brothels”: Overbye (2000) 345.

p. 31, “Marriage is the unsuccessful attempt”: Highfield and Carter (1994) 210. See also p. 195 (where Einstein resents wife’s use of “we”) and p. 206 (Einstein’s attraction to “common” women).

p. 31, “Planck recalled … Hermann Helmholtz”: Planck (1949) 15.

p. 33, “James Joyce, had a court case”: Ellman (1982) 452.

p. 34, “I never fully understood it”: Clark (1971) 276.

p. 34, “Sommerfeld boasted”: Pais (1991) 161.

p. 35, “A lost paradise”: Einstein (1982b) 3.

p. 35, “Only the most reactionary places … demanded … passports”: Fussel (1971); Fölsing (1997) 80.

p. 36, “Socialism is here”: Kessler (1999) 79.

p. 36, “Rumor said Einstein had fled”: Ibid. 88.

p. 36, “Men always need”: Clark (1971) 232.

p. 36, “too small to commit … stupidities”: Einstein (1953) 7.

p. 38, “historians of science sometimes suspect”: for example, Steuwer (1975) 35.

p. 39, “Stark, and Stark alone”: Ibid. 31.

p. 39, “ultraviolet light increases an electrical discharge”: Clark (1971) 92.

p. 39, “J.J. Thomson proposed the modern view”: Pais (1982) 380.

p. 40, “Thomas Mann … resumed … composing”: Kurzke (2002) 298.

p. 41, “Bohr hired Betty Schultz”: Pais (1991) 171.

p. 41, “Leon Brillouin … wrote a letter”: Clark (1971) 279.

p. 41, “Those countries whose victory”: Ibid. 273.

p. 41, “anti-Zionist Jews … assimilationist”: Frank (1947) 152.

p. 42, “Planck was not … quick-witted”: Clark (1971) 145-46; Pais (1991) 228.

p. 42, “On the very day”: Kuhn (1978) 97-98.

p. 44, “One really ought to be ashamed”: Born (1971) 10.

p. 44, “science by no means contents itself”: Meyerson (1985) 252, review by Einstein.

p. 45, “Conditions … will never be enforced”: Born (1971) 10-11.

p. 45, “Richard Feynman has pointed out”: Feynman (1994) 40.

p. 46, “Mach, argued”: for example, Mach (1942).

p. 46, “Poincaré, argued”: Poincaré (1952).

p. 47, “heralded by … Franz Exner”: Forman (1971) 74-75.

p. 47, “Bohr wrote his old school chum”: Klein (1970b) 20.

p. 48, “One who often chatted”: Rosenthal-Schneider (1949) 146.

p. 48, “What he called the ‘merely personal’”: Einstein (1949) 5.

p. 48, “also from my wife”: Born (1971) 11.

p. 48, “her ‘Albertle’”: Frank (1947) 4.

p. 48, “not necessary for my happiness”: Ibid. 180.

p. 49, “give Jews inner security”: Ibid. 491-92.

p. 49, “Einstein is in Leiden”: Clark (1971) 282.

p. 50, “Eric Warburg reported”: Chernow (1993) 217.

p. 50, “I am against nationalism”: Fölsing (1997) 492.

p. 51, “Trippenhuis is as heavy”: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

p. 52, “Ehrenfest … once considered moving”: Klein (1970a) 293.

p. 52, “Ehrenfest was excited by … Bohr”: Pais (1991) 190.

p. 52, “Together they had written a book”: Ehrenfest and Ehrenfest (1990).

p. 52, “Stupid you certainly are not”: Klein (1970a) 305.

p. 53, “a first rate mind”: Pais (1991) 228.

p. 53, “Eddington found star displacement”: Clark (1971) 284.

p. 54, “Walther Rathenau told an acquaintance”: Kessler (1999) 70.

p. 55, “It is a mercy of fate”: Fölsing (1997) 440.

p. 55, “answers only…. ‘Why?’”: Born (1971) 13.

p. 57, “Bohr arrived … spirit of Father Christmas”: Fölsing (1997) 477.

p. 57, “Einstein … wept when his mother died”: Clark (1971) 243.

p. 57, “sent a note to his mother”: Ibid. 287.

p. 57, “Neutralia”: Fölsing (1997) 477.

p. 58, “When Bohr became a professor”: Pais (1991) 166-67.

p. 58, “forced Einstein to guide Bohr on foot”: Ibid. 228.

p. 58, “Planck’s misfortune wrings my heart”: Heilbron (2000) 83-84.

p. 59, “Bohr coined the name ‘correspondence principle’”: Pais (1991) 193.

p. 60, “magic wand”: Whitaker (1996) 123.

p. 60, “village would soon build a mosque”: Baedeker (1923) 176.

p. 61, “Years later Bohr recalled”: Bohr (1949) 206.

p. 63, “Lorentz, still believed in an ether”: Kragh (1999) 111; Kuhn (1978) 139.

p. 63, “removal of the late Mr. Hooke’s portrait”: Berlinski (2000) 144.

p. 63, “I shall not here discuss”: Pais (1991) 232.

p. 64, “in his visit … radiation is … what he discussed”: Ibid.

p. 65, “Important, if right”: Pais (1982) 154.

p. 66, “This is an enormous achievement”: Pais (1991) 154.

p. 66, “Bohr’s unique instinct and tact”: Einstein (1949) 45-47.

p. 66, “I must give up doing physics”: Pais (1991) 189.

p. 66, “Not often in life”: Ibid. 228.

p. 69, “a German publisher had commissioned Einstein”: Pais (1982) 299.

p. 69, “more than 100 new ones”: Clark (1971) 307.

p. 70, “scientific dada”: Fölsing (1997) 462.

p. 70, “Max von Laue … was there”: Clark (1971) 321.

p. 71, “so far achieved nothing in theoretical physics”: Fölsing (1997) 465.

p. 71, “you are a little child”: Born (1971) 40.

p. 72, “most active in Germany”: Kragh (1999) 24.

p. 72, “a wonderful paper by Lenard”: Einstein and Maric (1992) 36.

p. 73, “vague heart conditions are as standard a diagnosis”: Payer and White (1988) a theme of the work.

p. 73, “nickel-silver baskets”: Ford (1947) 37.

p. 73, “anti-Berlin movement”: Stern (1999) 130.

p. 73, “Planck was disgusted with Wien”: Ibid.

p. 74, “world is a curious madhouse”: Fölsing (1997) 455.

p. 74, “with a pencil borrowed at the last minute”: Clark (1971) 327.

p. 74, “Lenard … did not shy from … racial cracks”: Frank (1947) 232.

p. 75, “not yet made it possible to extend the absolute time interval”: Clark (1971) 327.

p. 765 “he volunteered as an informer”: Jerome (2002) 208.

p. 76, “Weyland’s secret financiers”: Fölsing (1997) 461.

p. 76, “Einstein and Elsa hosted a dinner party”: Kessler (1999) 155-157.

p. 77, “Do not believe a word of it”: Clark (1971) 339-40.

p. 77, “Elsa told Kessler”: Kessler (1999) 156.

p. 77, “Paracelsus … coined pseudoscientific words”: Oxford English Dictionary (second edition) (1992) see: alkahest.

p. 77, “sensing the significance”: Kessler (1999) 156.

p. 78, “Tagore came to Berlin in 1921”: Pais (1994) 99.

p. 78, “My husband mystical!”: Clark (1971) 340.

p. 79, “Kessler … was astonished”: Kessler (1999) 138.

p. 79, “H.G. Wells published a story”: The World Set Free (Thanks to Sheldon Rampton for the source).

p. 79, “You haven’t lost anything”: Frank (1947) 173-74.

p. 81, “Kramers, thought he found a way”: Pais (1982) 238.

p. 81, “Kramers … changed”: Ibid.

p. 82, “tribal companions in Dollaria”: Fölsing (1997) 495.

p. 82, “being taught by Hebrews”: Ibid. 523-24.

p. 82, “a weekly colloquium”: Frank (1947) 111.

p. 83, “voted to limit their membership”: Laqueur (2000) 192.

p. 84, “Ehrenfest sent Einstein a note”: Klein (1970b) 1.

p. 84, “my most impressive scientific experience”: Born (1971) 75.

p. 84, “von Laue energetically challenged Einstein”: Klein (1970b) 12.

p. 84, “you are such a devil”: Ibid. 11-12.

p. 84, “toy dogs of the women”: Clark (1971) 349.

p. 85, “I suppose it’s a good thing”: Fölsing (1997) 512.

p. 85, “Einstein was rumored to … be on the list”: Ibid. 522.

p. 86, “riding in an open car”: Feuchtwanger (1995) 116.

p. 86, “attempt was made against … Harden”: German Historical Museum.

p. 87, “no vibrato”: Friedrich (1995) 172.

p. 87, “in a creative fit”: Gay (2001) 152.

p. 88, “party organized as a military force”: Hemingway (1985) 172.

p. 88, “potshot patriots”: Ibid. 174.

p. 88, “biggest bluff in Europe”: Ibid. 255.

p. 88, “Lenard said the Jew had been ‘justly’ killed”: Frank (1947) 193.

p. 88, “Nabokov’s father had been slain”: Friedrich (1995) 88.

p. 88, “the enemy is on the right”: Feuchtwanger (1995) 117.

p. 90, “Eldorado of erudition”: Born (1971) 67.

p. 90, “Theoretical [physics] … guesswork”: Crowe (2001) 51.

p. 91, “the moon might be a mirror”: Kepler (1610) 246.

p. 92, “‘divinely bad’ speaker”: Pais (1991) 11.

p. 92, “[Bohr’s] carefully formulated sentences”: Ibid. 105.

p. 93, “Heisenberg rose to challenge”: Cassidy (1992) 129.

p. 94, “A Japanese publisher asked”: Fölsing (1997) 524.

p. 94, “In September … Einstein … received word”: Ibid. 535.

p. 95, “services to the theory of physics”: Clark (1971) 363.

p. 95, “achievement went to … Robert A. Millikan”: Stuewer (1971) 73.

p. 96, “Why not adopt it?”: Ibid. 75.

p. 97, “bold, not to say reckless”: Ibid. 73-74.

p. 97, “he wrote a classic paper”: Einstein (1905d).

p. 97, “without any visibile means of support”: Stuewer (1971) 75.

p. 97, “He had done the math”: Einstein (1905d) 180.

p. 97, “will probably never be replaced”: Ibid. 178.

p. 98, “Though they may begin to lose faith”: Kuhn (1970) 77.

p. 98, “Copernicus … first rejected”: Crowe (2001) v, 82-87.

p. 98, “it was the greatest honor and joy”: Pais (1991) 229.

p. 99, “pleased me as much as the Nobel Prize”: Ibid. 229.

p. 99, “The Present Crisis in Theoretical Physics”: Forman (1971) 62.

p. 99, “At Stockholm he was more direct”: Pais (1991) 470.

p. 100, “Two days before Einstein’s crisis lecture”: Stuewer (1971) 232.

p. 100, “conversed with Japan’s empress in French”: Frank (1947) 198.

p. 100, “Elsa had something serious to worry about”: Fölsing (1997) 548; Highfeld and Carter (1994) 206; Shara (2002).

p. 100, “tribal companions”: Fölsing (1997) 530.

p. 101, “men with a past but without a future”: Ibid. 529.

p. 101, “rooting through garbage cans”: Richie (1998) 323.

p. 101, “Property was something to hold on to”: see Remarque (1957).

p. 102, “Bohr received a warning”: Stuewer (1971) 241.

p. 103, “signed by the Dutch physicist”: Ibid. 234.

p. 104, “the mistaken notion is to get some idea”: Ibid. 90.

p. 105, “my own contribution”: Ibid. 160.

p. 106, “Compton eventually wrote a report”: Ibid. 195.

p. 106, “tree-lined paths”: Personal experience.

p. 107, “Compton gave his breakthrough lecture”: Stuewer (1971) 235.

p. 107, “December he reported his discovery”: Ibid. 232-3.

p. 107, “Debye read Compton’s report”: Ibid. 234.

p. 107, “Debye had already considered”: Ibid. 235-36.

p. 108, “Sommerfeld … saved Compton’s fame”: Ibid. 247.

p. 108, “No, Debye insisted”: Ibid. 237.

p. 108, “a dog that did not bark”: Ibid. 34-35.

p. 109, “almost blunted purpose”: Hamlet III, iv.

p. 110, “Seen from a ferry”: Bennet (1914) 161-63; Fenneberg (1946) 44.

p. 110, “but kill the patient”: Pais (1991) 228.

p. 111, “Einstein did not demand”: Einstein and Maric (1992) xviii.

p. 111, “turn listeners into secretaries”: Pais (1991) 12.

p. 111, “metaphor of a beer stein”: Frank (1947) 71.

p. 112, “they had missed their stop”: Pais (1982) 221.

p. 113, “Einstein published a paper that summer”: Klein (1970b) 16.

p. 113, “Matchboxes in Denmark”: Fenneberg (1946) 3.

p. 116, “He made a public appearance at the Prussian Academy”: Klein (1970b) 36; Clark (1971) 494.

p. 117, “Rumor had it that Kahr planned to announce”: Feuchtwanger (1995) 133.

p. 117, “Planck was especially worried”: Clark (1971) 373-74.

p. 117, “Hundreds of paper mills”: Richie (1998) 321.

p. 118, “not psychologically incomprehensible to me”: Clark (1971) 280.

p. 118, “sent the porter to say”: Frank (1947) 163.

p. 119, “You have produced so much young talent”: Cassidy (1992) 102.

p. 119, “it is not right for me to take part in … Solvay”: Clark (1971) 280.

p. 119, “send me no further invitations”: Marage and Wallenborn (1999b) 115.

p. 119, “It is unworthy of cultured men”: Clark (1971) 281.

p. 119, “Newton’s portrait on the wall”: Photo of study.

p. 119, “without exception, scientific propositions are wrong”: Kessler (1999) 233.

p. 120, “Einstein issued a statement”: Clark (1971) 366.

p. 120, “Einstein published a newspaper article”: Klein (1970b) 39.

p. 120, “Bohr published a paper, jointly attributed”: Bohr, Kramers, and Slater (1924).

p. 122, “he joined Berlin’s New Synagogue”: Pais (1982) 527; Elon (2002a) 360.

p. 122, “talked and laughed with Abram Joffe”: Clark (1971) 380.

p. 122, “Completely negative”: Pais (1991) 287.

p. 122, “I would rather be a cobbler”: Born (1971) 82.

p. 123, “Heisenberg was introduced to the great man”: Cassidy (1992) 179.

p. 123, “I do not see [BKS] as an essential progress”: Ibid. 172.

p. 123, “Einstein had a long list of objections”: Klein (1970b) 33.

p. 124, “Einstein ‘had a hundred arguments’”: Cassidy (1992) 179.

p. 124, “You can talk about … Buddha, Jesus, Moses”: Overbye (2002).

p. 125, “Schrödinger … sent Bohr a congratulatory letter”: Stuewer (1971) 298.

p. 125, “would not allow themselves to be dispensed”: Klein (1970b) 33.

p. 125, “sent … Bette Neumann, a note”: Pais (1982) 320; Fölsing (1997) 548.

p. 126, “The available data are not sufficient”: Pais (1991) 237.

p. 126, “Fritz Haber wrote to Einstein”: Ibid.

p. 127, “Let us hear no more about war”: Gay (2001) 121; Richie (1998) 333.

p. 127, “Einstein toured a monument”: Gay (2001) 97.

p. 127, “The tower’s supporters liked”: Friedrich (1995) 164.

p. 128, “a stylish newspaper filled with photographs”: Forman (1971) 101.

p. 128, “The notion that nature is comprehensible”: Ibid.

p. 129, “When Rutherford first read Bohr’s proposal”: Pais (1982) 153.

p. 129, “the Pirandello play”: Kessler (1999) 247.

p. 129, “Geiger and … Bothe … went to work”: Pais (1982) 237.

p. 129, “Compton was still at work”: Klein (1970b) 34.

p. 129, “Einstein was feeling triumphant”: Pais (1999) 238.

p. 130, “Physics is very muddled again”: Clark (1971) 405-6.

p. 130, “I firmly believe you are right”: Klein (1970b) 33.

p. 130, “Einstein … was merely unusually lucky”: Kessler (1999) 250.

p. 130, “a subtle theme to meditate upon”: McCormmach (1970) 64.

p. 131, “Geiger sent Bohr a note”: Stuewer (1975) 301.

p. 131, “Bohr replied promptly”: Ibid.

p. 131, “Just this moment I have received”: Ibid.

p. 132, “Compton’s cloud-chamber results”: Klein (1970b) 303-4.

p. 132, “it was a magnificent stroke of luck”: Stuewer (1971) 303-4.

p. 132, “We both had no doubts”: Klein (1970b) 34.

p. 132, “paradoxical theories … paradoxical phenomena”: Ibid. 35.

p. 133, “require a sweeping revolution”: Ibid. 33.

p. 137, “New plazas, streets, and buildings”: Unsigned magazine report (June 1923) 391.

p. 138, “the text he carried in his pocket”: Einstein (1923).

p. 138, “the largest vaulted roof ever constructed”: Unsigned magazine report (June 1923) 391.

p. 138, “a history of cutting tools”: Unsigned magazine report (July 1923) 7.

p. 139, “most profound physical problem”: Einstein (1923) 490.

p. 140, “more depth than surface”: Cézanne (1941) 490.

p. 141, “this experience made a deep and lasting impression”: Einstein (1949) 9.

p. 141, “bona fide scientific knowledge”: Einstein (1923) 482.

p. 141, “observable facts can be assigned”: Ibid.

p. 142, “a catalogue and not a system”: Clark (1971) 355.

p. 142, “not sufficiently advanced in our knowledge”: Einstein (1923) 484.

p. 143, “The mind striving after the unification”: Ibid. 489.

p. 143, “the criterion of mathematical simplicity”: Ibid.

p. 144, “not free from arbitrariness”: Ibid.

p. 145, “a kind … of artistic satisfaction”: Helmholtz (1863) 400-1.

p. 145, “accurate observation and searching thought”: Mach (1897) 28.

p. 145, “about the famous Mr. Einstein”: Kurkze (2002) 523.

p. 146, “I do not have to read the thing”: Born (1971) 199.

p. 146, “My friend and colleague M. Besso”: Einstein (1905b) 159.

p. 147, “prepared over a period of years”: Clark (1971) 115.

p. 147, “laws of motion … contradicted demonstrated facts”: Einstein (1905b) 123.

p. 147, “In old age, Einstein often said”: Pais (1982) 13.

p. 147, “Lorentz-Einstein theory”: Kragh (1999) 92.

p. 148, “Einstein’s father … producing dynamos”: Fölsing (1997) 9.

p. 149, “Zeno overlooks part of the story”: Gullberg (1997) 276.

p. 150, “Galileo solved this one”: Galileo (1967) 186-88.

p. 151, “the same laws of electrodynamics and optics”: Einstein (1905b) 124.

p. 152, “Galileo had raised the question”: Galileo (1954) 42.

p. 153, “Einstein … had imagined what it would be like”: Clark (1971) 114.

p. 154, “Lorentz … clarified the concept”: McCormach (1970) 48.

p. 155, “Serbian nationalists would even argue”: Highfield and Carter (1994) 108.

p. 156, “light always propagates … with a distinct velocity”: Einstein (1905b) 124.

p. 156, “Poincaré told an audience in St. Louis”: Poincaré (1956) 174-5.

p. 157, “the absolute speed of light was untenable”: Stachel (1998) 111-12.

p. 158, “Lorentz understood what had happened”: Pais (1982) 167.

p. 158, “a few physicists had recognized … a new Copernicus”: Clark (1971) 142.

p. 159, “I’ve completely solved the problem”: Einstein (1982a) 46.

p. 159, “It’s a very beautiful piece of work”: Highfield and Carter (1994) 114.

p. 159, “He produced the same four equations”: Clark (1971) 120.

p. 160, “the electromotive force … is a secondary phenomenon”: Frank (1947) 64.

p. 162, “The kind of work I do”: Frank (1947) 119.

p. 162, “showed in a convincing manner”: Ibid. 217.

p. 163, “Johannes Stark … asked Einstein”: Einstein (1982a) 47.

p. 163, “Gravity … hides crucial information”: Pais (1982) 178.

p. 164, “the happiest thought”: Ibid.

p. 165, “Barely a quarter of Germany’s people lived in cities”: Laqueur (2000) 25.

p. 165, “eventually the Nazi party could be voted into power”: Ibid.

p. 166, “Einstein … knew nothing of the Eötvös experiments”: Fölsing (1997) 303.

p. 168, “the ease with which Einstein would … change”: Ibid. 283.

p. 168, “Newton had wondered about”: Pais (1982) 194 and 200.

p. 172, “Assuming that Newton’s value … was correct”: Pais (1982) 199-200.

p. 173, “Einstein feared it might be”: Ibid. 200.

p. 176, “he visited Berlin on an unsuccessful job hunt”: Einstein, Collected Papers V, 457 n 4.

p. 176, “April 30, 1912”: Einstein, Collected Papers V.

p. 176, “In Prague … George Pick told Einstein”: Frank (1947) 82.

p. 177, “perhaps the greatest intellectual stride”: Einstein (1931b) 69.

p. 177, “May 7, 1912”: Einstein, Collected Papers V.

p. 177, “physical laws without reference to geometry”: Einstein (1982a) 47.

p. 177, “Poincaré’s argument that Euclid’s geometry”: Poincaré (1952) a theme of work.

p. 177, “Johannes Kepler once … wrote an equation”: Koestler (1990) 407.

p. 178, “Grossman, you must help me”: Pais (1982) 212.

p. 178, “March 23, 1913”: Einstein, Collected Papers V.

p. 179, “Grossman began to study and teach Einstein”: Einstein (1982a) 47.

p. 179, “Einstein was unsatisfied”: Pais (1982) 228.

p. 180, “February 1914”: Einstein, Collected Papers V.

p. 180, “I firmly believe that the road taken”: Pais (1982) 245.

p. 180, “Thomas Mann … set his novel aside”: Kurzke (2002) 292.

p. 181, “a chain of false steps”: Pais (1982) 271.

p. 181, “they are merely arbitrary abstractions”: Einstein (1949) 67.

p. 181, “the correct equations appeared”: Einstein (1982a) 47.

p. 181, “During the last month I experienced”: Sommerfeld (1949) 101.

p. 182, “I was beside myself”: Pais (1982) 253.

p. 182, “Something actually snapped”: Ibid.

p. 182, “for four weeks in November 1915”: Ibid. 250-57.

p. 182, “any physical theory”: Ibid. 256.

p. 182, “he told Sommerfeld”: Sommerfeld (1949) 101.

p. 183, “You will be convinced”: Ibid.

p. 184, “Lehrte Station”: Baedeker (1924) 2.

p. 184, “bills of enormous denominations”: Hemingway (1985) 282.

p. 184, “There are no beggars”: Ibid. 286.

p. 185, “Germany will wait in vain”: Eyck (1967) v. 1, 243.

p. 185, “Germany had the misfortune”: Calaprice (2000) 108.

p. 186, “some of its members threatened a walkout”: Clark (1971) 355.

p. 186, “Madame Curie showed her support”: Ibid. 354.

p. 186, “an expert on acoustics and hydrodynamics”: Unsigned website, Le Prof … Bouasse.

p. 186, “the French spirit … will never understand”: Frank (1947) 237.

p. 186, “Einstein got into a car”: Nordman (1922) 587.

p. 187, “I do not need wine”: Ibid. 589.

p. 187, “Trade between the once-enemy neighbors”: Liesner (1985) table G-7.

p. 188, “Maurice de Broglie … returned from that first Solvay”: Jammer (1989) 245.

p. 188, “father of Leon”: O’Connor and Robertson.

p. 188, “synthetic theory of radiation”: Jammer (1989) 247.

p. 188, “Alhazen … concluded that light … consisted of particles”: Clegg (2001) 37.

p. 189, “a photon as a kind of clock”: Jammer (1989) 247.

p. 189, “De Broglie … combined the two equations”: Ibid. 248.

p. 191, “harmony of phase will always persist”: Ibid. 247.

p. 191, “I don’t want to be one of those poor people”: Frank (1947) 8.

p. 194, “Many of these ideas may be criticized”: Jammer (1989) 250.

p. 194, “price of milk”: Fry (1944) 89.

p. 195, “newspapers in Berlin began leaking”: Clark (1971) 373.

p. 195, “the new rector had erected a war memorial”: Laqueur (2000) 187.

p. 196, “climbing out of bed”: Shub (1967) 437.

p. 196, “Rev … rev … rev … vo … vo … vo … lu”: Ibid.

p. 196, “He had been invited before”: Frank (1947) 147.

p. 194, “the Berliner Tageblatt reprinted the rumors”: Brian (1996) 146.

p. 197, “interview him for some newspaper”: Ibid.

p. 197, “Vassik, had Down syndrome”: Pais (1982) 409.

p. 198, “English Puritans also published books there”: www.pilgrimpress. com/about.html.

p. 198, “I am thinking hopelessly”: Born (1971) 81.

p. 198, “He’s a skeptical fellow”: Ibid. 65.

p. 200, “How great must his faith in the existence of natural law”: Einstein (1982b) 62.

p. 200, “the ghastly apparition of atheism”: Clark (1971) 502.

p. 201, “his ambition appears to have been discovering how nature really works”: Hollingdale (1973) 9.

p. 201, “Herodotus told the story”: Herodotus (1954) 70.

p. 201, “Chance and caprice rule the world”: La Rouchefoucauld, Maxim, 435.

p. 202, “the observant executrix of God’s orders”: Drake (1978) 225.

p. 203, “Paul Langevin told of … de Broglie’s ideas”: Jammer (1989) 251.

p. 204, “I had no idea that what I had done was really novel”: Pais (1982) 424.

p. 205, “I do not know sufficient German”: Jammer (1989) 251.

p. 205, “the first revolutionary contribution … in a dozen years”: Whitaker (1996) 127.

p. 205, “Bose’s paper … began”: Clark (1971) 409.

p. 205, “your gas has nothing to do with true light”: Jammer (1989) 251.

p. 207, “He told the members about Bose’s work”: Fölsing (1997) 575.

p. 207, “Einstein dismissed the Bose-Einstein work”: Pais (1982) 423n.

p. 208, “The whole modern conception of the world”: Monk (1991) 139-40.

p. 208, “Mann … finally finished his Magic Mountain”: Kurzke (2002) 296.

p. 209, “free from any control by the reason”: Rubin (1968).

p. 209, “Einstein received a letter from Paul Langevin”: Clark (1971) 408.

p. 209, “‘Read it,’ Einstein urged”: Przibram (1967) xiv.

p. 209, “in his second paper on Bose-Einstein”: Fölsing (1997) 576.

p. 209, “The first laboratory confirmation”: Ibid.

p. 209, “it took almost 70 more years”: Ketterle and Mewes.

p. 210, “Einstein read … still a third paper”: Fölsing (1997) 857.

p. 210, “a local reporter proved to be an old acquaintance”: Kantha (1996) 25.

p. 210, “overestimated the courage and integrity”: Ibid. 26.

p. 210, “a foul smelling flower”: Brian (1996) 152.

p. 211, “Bose had applied to Dacca university”: Brown (1974) 83.

p. 211, “a postcard written in Einstein’s own hand”: Shara (2002).

p. 211, “The German consulate … waived the standard fee”: Brown (1974) 130.

p. 212, “William Faulkner was there”: Blotner (1974) v. 1, 449.

p. 212, “Germany’s borders had remained unsettled”: Feuchtwanger (1995) 171.

p. 212, “Brecht … was now in Berlin”: Gay (2001) 128.

p. 213, “Wozzeck for its world premiere”: Ibid. 131.

p. 213, “Yehudi Menuhin … Vladimir Horowitz”: Friedrich (1995) 175.

p. 213, “I loved the rapid, quick-witted”: Gay (2001) 129.

p. 213, “How did you discover your method”: Brown (1974) 128.

p. 213, “By vocation and imagination … a great teacher”: Mehra (1975b) theme of essay.

p. 214, “letters of introduction and commendation”: Ibid.

p. 214, “On my return to India I wrote some papers”: Ibid.

p. 214, “Never accept an idea as long as you yourself are not satisfied”: Ibid.

p. 215, “the 50th anniversary of Lorentz’s doctorate”: Pais (1991) 243.

p. 215, “Queen Wilhelmina attended”: Haas-Lorentz (1957) 148.

p. 215, “Lorentz had … coined the name ‘electron’”: McCormach (1990).

p. 215, “Max Born … was taking advantage of American lecture fees”: Pais (1991) 285.

p. 215, “‘Not necessary,’ said … James Franck”: Jammer (1989) 252.

p. 216, “energy and matter are different forms of the same thing”: Einstein (1905c).

p. 216, “Ehrenfest showed off two of his bright students”: Fölsing (1997) 579.

p. 216, “Bohr was dubious of this latest idea”: Pais (1991) 243.

p. 218, “Arnold Sommerfeld raised the news”: Heitler (1961) 222.

p. 219, “Schrödinger was particularly eager”: Jammer (1989) 258.

p. 219, “his chief love”: Heitler (1961) 224.

p. 219, “he, too, longed for a unified field theory”: Ibid.

p. 219, “the foam on a wave of radiation”: Jammer (1989) 257.

p. 219, “Debye and Schrödinger agreed”: Ibid. 258.

p. 220, “the thinnest spot in a board”: Frank (1947) 117.

p. 220, “He was already well acquainted”: Jammer (1989) 257.

p. 220, “electron’s angular momentum cannot decrease continuously”: Whitaker (1996) 111. This passage also reflects e-mail discussions with Whitaker.

p. 221, “De Broglie had proposed … a meaning”: Kragh (1999) 165.

p. 221, “Square dancers will have”: thanks to Dr. C. Wiggins for inspiring this image.

p. 221, “Schrödinger … recognized a promising … approach”: Jammer (1989) 258.

p. 221, “the result … did not match the … data”: Ibid.

p. 222, “It is well known to science historians”: for example, Whitaker (1996) 139.

p. 222, “an idea studied by … Debye”: Jammer (1989) 263.

p. 222, “establish a much more intimate connection”: Ibid.

p. 222, “The true mechanical processes”: Ibid.

p. 223, “those damn jumps”: Whitaker (1996) 144.

p. 223, “It is hardly necessary to point out”: Jammer (1989) 261.

p. 224, “merely as a convenient means of picturization”: Ibid. 262.

p. 224, “Classical mechanics … breaks down”: Ibid.

p. 224, “One may, of course … be tempted”: Ibid. 260.

p. 225, “The psi function is to do no more”: Ibid. 266.

p. 225, “You can imagine the interest and enthusiasm”: Przibram (1967) 6.

p. 225, “it would be much more beautiful”: Ibid. 68.

p. 225, “Planck pointed your theory out to me”: Ibid. 24.

p. 225, “Your approval and Planck’s mean more to me”: Ibid. 26.

p. 229, “A new reality is in the air”: Richie (1998) 333.

p. 229, “Construction work was peppered”: Ibid. 331.

p. 229, “the rising hemline reached the knee”: Laqueur (2000) 31.

p. 229, “The style was … ‘American’”: Richie (1998) 339.

p. 230, “Hitler won Goebbels to his side”: Friedrich (1995) 199.

p. 230, “you have made a decisive advance”: Przibram (1967) 28.

p. 230, “q-number algebra”: Kragh (1999) 163.

p. 231, “A real sorcerer’s multiplication table”: Pais (1991) 317.

p. 232, “relationships … which in principle are observable”: Heisenberg (1925) 261.

p. 232, “You don’t seriously believe”: Cassidy (1992) 239.

p. 232, “As he recalled it many years later”: Ibid.

p. 232, “the individual empirical fact is of no use”: Einstein (1982) 221.

p. 233, “the three-man paper”: Born, Heisenberg, and Jordan (1925).

p. 233, “the joke going around the labs that season”: Edward Condon, private communication, Washington University, 1964.

p. 234, “the disadvantage of not being … visualizable”: Born, Heisenberg, and Jordan (1926) 322.

p. 235, “revealed to man for the first time”: Forman (1971) 10.

p. 235, “number mysticism would be supplanted”: Ibid. 103.

p. 235, “a pair of wonderful papers”: Pais (1982) 442.

p. 237, “Proust … hoped that there was some relation”: Tadie (2000) 415.

p. 237, “People were pretty well spellbound”: Hawking (1998) 4-5.

p. 238, “probably of extraordinary scope”: Pais (1992) 282.

p. 238, “The most important question”: Ibid. 270.

p. 238, “Göttingen physicists … into two camps”: Cassidy (1992) 213.

p. 238, “I have made a great discovery”: Pais (1991) 421.

p. 239, “optimism from Sommerfeld”: Ibid. 163.

p. 239, “deep truths”: Bohr (1949) 240.

p. 239, “adding these two nonsenses”: Cassidy (1992) 192.

p. 239, “Spin had first been proposed in Copenhagen”: Ibid. 208.

p. 239, “all the right answers”: Pais (1991) 302.

p. 239, “there’s one mathematical tool”: Ibid.

p. 240, “opens up a very hopeful prospect”: Cassidy (1992) 209.

p. 241, “Einstein occasionally played”: Elon (2002a) 360.

p. 241, “There was room for 3,000 people”: Baedeker (1923) 147.

p. 241, “he would take refuge in music”: Clark (1971) 140-41.

p. 241, “Schrödinger’s proof took the most peculiar feature”: Jammer (1989) 271-72.

p. 242, “Schrödinger’s wave mechanics was ‘disgusting’”: Kragh (1999) 166.

p. 242, “Pauli, once complained to Born”: Born (1978) 12.

p. 243, “admiration and suspicion”: Jammer (1989) 372.

p. 245, “One obtains the answer”: Born (1926) 54.

p. 245, “I … give up determinism”: Ibid.

p. 245, “as Einstein noted at the time”: Einstein (1917) 76.

p. 246, “and do not take both”: Albert (1992) 11.

p. 247, “I start from a remark by Einstein”: Pais (1991) 287.

p. 247, “any closer to making the connection”: Einstein (1917) 77.

p. 247, “no useful departure”: Einstein (1949) 89.

p. 248, “Bohr had invited Schrödinger”: Pais (1991) 298.

p. 248, “Bohr was otherwise most considerate”: Ibid.

p. 249, “If all this damned quantum jumping”: Ibid. 299.

p. 249, “not prepared to make a single concession”: Ibid. 298.

p. 249, “It will hardly be possible”: Ibid.

p. 250, “tolerate the slightest obscurity”: Ibid.

p. 250, “Bohr talked … almost in a dreamlike … manner”: Ibid. 299.

p. 250, “Mrs. Bohr proved as faithful”: Ibid.

p. 251, “Goebbels arrived in Berlin”: Friedrich (1995) 189.

p. 251, “it can be told that physicswise”: Pais (1991) 288.

p. 252, “but an inner voice tells me”: Born (1971) 91.

p. 252, “You believe in God playing dice”: Ibid. 149.

p. 253, “In the course of scientific progress”: Heisenberg (1971) x.

p. 253, “In dealing with the task of bringing”: Bohr (1949) 228.

p. 253, “Born complained that Einstein had not rejected”: Born (1971) 91.

p. 254, “This rejection was based on a basic difference”: Ibid.

p. 254, “the same argument … was used”: Ibid. 210.

p. 255, “If God had made the world a perfect mechanism”: Born (1949) 176.

p. 255, “Einstein was returning to square one”: Born (1971) 91.

p. 257, “Heisenberg suddenly recalled Einstein”: Cassidy (1992) 239.

p. 259, “During the oral exam for Heisenberg’s doctorate”: Ibid. 152.

p. 260, “the final failure of causality”: Heisenberg (1927) 83.

p. 260, “Pauli thought it was great”: Cassidy (1992) 233.

p. 260, “Bohr was displeased with the new paper”: Rosenfeld (1971) 99.

p. 261, “it is natural … to compare”: Heisenberg (1927) 68.

p. 262, “the ‘orbit’ … comes into being”: Ibid. 73.

p. 262, “Pauli suddenly arrived”: Rosenfeld (1971) 60.

p. 263, “not so simple as was assumed”: Heisenberg (1927) 83.

p. 263, “I owe great thanks”: Ibid. 84.

p. 264, “Lorentz … brought the matter to the attention of Albert”: Clark (1971) 281.

p. 265, “The electric lights were back”: Richie (1998) 330; Gay (2001) 139.

p. 265, “A new Germany must be forged”: Friedrich (1995) 201.

p. 265, “He understands as much about psychology”: Kantha (1996) 74.

p. 265, “Einstein’s favorite psychological doctrine”: Einstein (1949) 3.

p. 265, “Freud’s ideas owed much to Schopenhauer”: Hollingdale (1973) 10.

p. 267, “Could not one maintain determinism”: Pais (1991) 426.

p. 267, “de Broglie tried to go beyond”: Kragh (1999) 206.

p. 267, “quantum mechanics is a complete theory”: Jammer (1989) 371.

p. 269, “The very nature of the quantum theory”: Bohr (1928) 580.

p. 269, “independent reality in the ordinary physical sense”: Ibid.

p. 270, “a natural generalization of the classical mode”: Ibid. 581.

p. 270, “language refers to our ordinary perception”: Ibid. 590.

p. 270, “We find ourselves here”: Ibid.

p. 271, “Einstein rose to show”: Jammer (1989) 375.

p. 272, “the central mystery of the quantum revolution”: Albert (1992) book’s theme.

p. 272, “Heisenberg, Pauli, and Dirac … insisted”: Jammer (1989) 375.

p. 274, “begs the question”: Whitaker (1996) 208.

p. 274, “Heisenberg and Pauli would analyze the experiment”: Heisenberg (1967) 7-8.

p. 274, “I am satisfied in every respect”: Cassidy (1992) 254.

p. 274, “BOHR was towering over everybody”: Whitaker (1996) 210.

p. 275, “Carry on … on the right road”: Brian (1996) 164.

p. 276, “She was Toni Mendel”: Fölsing (1997) 616.

p. 276, “Einstein collapsed”: Clark (1971) 424.

p. 276, “I have behind … a wonderful life”: Haas-Lorentz (1957) 150.

p. 276, “an enormous affair with astonishing touches”: Ibid.

p. 277, “The noblest man of our times”: Brian (1996) 164.

p. 277, “Attending funerals is something one does”: Frank (1947) 80.

p. 277, “God has put so much … that is beautiful”: Calaprice (2000) 328.

p. 277, “between a genius and a quack”: Skidelski (2002) 40.

p. 278, “read Spinoza”: Fölsing (1997) 602.

p. 278, “the show of the season”: Kessler (1999) 349.

p. 278, “Lunched with … Richard Strauss”: Ibid. 346.

p. 278, “I am forced to laze about”: Fölsing (1997) 602.

p. 279, “Ehrenfest did not invent quantum mechanics”: Teller and Shoolery (2001) 249 n 6.

p. 279, “Gamow turned up at the door of Bohr’s institute”: Pais (1991) 324.

p. 280, “Schrödinger … wrote Bohr a letter”: Fine (1996) 19.

p. 280, “Einstein kept up with the Schrödinger-Bohr letters”: Przibram (1967) 31.

p. 282, “In June 1928, Max Planck appeared”: Fölsing (1997) 603.

p. 282, “the dream of his life”: Clark (1971) 494.

p. 282, “a surprise visit to the Einstein home”: Miller (1928) conclusion supported by entire article.

p. 284, “flashbulb monkeys”: Elon (2002a) 260.

p. 285, “Dirac submitted a paper”: Wilczek (2002) 103.

p. 285, “the pioneering and heroic era”: Kragh (1999) 167.

p. 285, “The Dirac equation … can … compute the magnetism of electrons”: Wilczek (2002) 103.

p. 286, “most of physics and all of chemistry”: Wilczek (2002) 125.

p. 286, “he would often merely repeat word for word”: Hawking (1998) 9.

p. 286, “I was not very much interested”: Ibid. 10.

p. 286, “the most logically perfect presentation”: Einstein (1931b) 75.

p. 287, “because it predicted negative energy”: Clarification provided by Martin Gutzwiller.

p. 287, “the saddest chapter in modern physics”: Cassidy (1992) 284.

p. 287, “Pauli … turned to writing a utopian novel”: Cassidy (1992) 284.

p. 287, “the more important problems”: Ibid.

p. 287, “Pauli told Dirac … to try his hand”: Ibid.

p. 288, “My name is Mr. Smith”: Unsigned newspaper report (February 3, 1929) 1.

p. 288, “I really don’t need any publicity”: Frank (1947) 219.

p. 288, “accept so much that was unimagined”: Kurzke (2002) 311.

p. 289, “The contrast between the popular estimate”: Einstein (1982b) 4.

p. 289, “relativity has not fulfilled expectations”: Bohr (1928) 589.

p. 289, “Were you never taught in school”: Teller and Shoolery (2001) 103.

p. 290, “Einstein again dispatched Max Planck”: Fölsing (1997) 604.

p. 290, “Einstein … issued a short statement”: Unsigned newspaper report (January 1929) 1.

p. 290, “The normal printing … sold out at once”: Fölsing (1997) 604.

p. 290, “Herald Tribune published a translation”: Ibid. 605.

p. 290, “Eddington wrote Einstein”: Ibid.

p. 291, “article has permanent value”: Wythe (1929) 1.

p. 291, “characteristics which especially distinguish”: Einstein (1929).

p. 291, “Einstein slipped off to … Wannsee”: Wythe (1929) 1.

p. 293, “Berlin’s communists began their annual parade”: Feuchtwanger (1995) 213.

p. 294, “the largest communist apparatus in the world”: Richie (1998) 386.

p. 294, “Elsa, of course, … found it”: Clark (1971) 500.

p. 294, “the house did not … have a telephone”: Fölsing (1997) 674.

p. 294, “To reach the village”: Baedeker (1923) 209.

p. 295, “Berlin had returned to horrors”: Richie (1998) 390.

p. 295, “Tagore … returned to Germany”: Singer (2001) 9.

p. 295, “to Einstein’s displeasure”: Clark (1971) 503.

p. 296, “the Apollo of Belvedere”: Singer (2001) 22-23.

p. 296, “majestic tranquility”: Ibid. 11.

p. 296, “Beauty is in the idea”: Ibid. 23.

p. 297, “whether Truth is independent”: Ibid. 24.

p. 297, “Then I am more religious”: Ibid. 25.

p. 299, “the Nazis astonished themselves”: Richie (1998) 396.

p. 299, “Demonstrations took place across Berlin”: Kessler (1999) 400.

p. 300, “Einstein proposed one of his … contraptions”: Bohr (1949) 224.

p. 301, “Léon Rosenfeld … reported”: Whitaker (1996) 217.

p. 301, “the Lord is … not malicious”: Clark (1971) 513; Pais (1982) 113.

p. 302, “Einstein … helped Bohr work through the calculations”: Whitaker (1996) 219.

p. 303, “Einstein never saw himself as tragic”: Einstein (1949) shows how he did view himself.

p. 303, “akin to … the religious worshipper”: Einstein (1982b) 227.

p. 303, “many had opposed their … blasphemy”: Sprat (1966) see e.g. Chapter 1.

p. 304, “I know this business is free of contradictions”: Pais (1982) 459.

p. 306, “builds on ideas Louis de Broglie had proposed”: Gribbon (1998) 177.

p. 306, “I never thought he was so attached to me”: Fölsing (1997) 688.

Thanks especially to Dr. Christopher Wiggins, assistant professor of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, for his patience in reading and commenting on the manuscript while it was in progress and in need of help. Dr. Martin Gutzwiller and Dr. Andrew Whitaker also read the manuscript and offered valuable corrections. Any surviving errors are my own fault, of course, but they made the book better.

My agent, John Thornton, did more than the usual yeoman’s labor of a literary agent, providing me with an excellent sounding board when the project was in its early stages. My brother, Harry Bolles, provided another sounding board, while his son, Harry, helped with research.

E-mail allowed me to quickly resolve some puzzles. Thanks especially to Helge Kragh, University of Aarhus, Denmark; Edith Luchins, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Sheldon Rampton, National Association of Science Writers; Michael Ruh, Society for Gestalt Theory; and John Stachel, Boston University.