A
A Moveable Feast (Hemingway), 212
Acceleration, 164-167
Albert, King of Belgium, 264
Alpha decay, 279
American Physical Society, 107
Antheil, George, 265
Antimatter, 305
Anti-relativity movement, 69-75, 146, 154-155, 197, 254
Anti-Semitism, 49-50, 70, 73, 74, 82, 83, 85, 86, 88, 90, 185, 196, 299
Antisubmarine technology, 8
Armstrong, Louis, 87
Artillery range-finding equipment, 8
Atheists and atheism, 198, 200
Atomic bomb, 79
Atomic spectrum, 60-61, 66, 103-104, 130, 148, 190
See also Electrons
Atoms, Bohr’s model, 34, 64-66, 90, 91-92, 102, 113-114, 115, 129, 130, 147-148, 216, 220
Authority, 10, 13, 14, 59, 67, 68, 70, 74, 77, 84, 124, 126, 131, 195, 201, 202, 218, 233, 296, 299
B
Baader, Johannes, 12-13
Bacon, Francis, 200
Bauhaus school of design, 40
Besso, Michele, 19, 31, 146, 152, 157, 178, 235
Big Bang theory, 281-282
BKS theory, 120-124, 128, 129, 131-132, 139, 203, 210, 235, 238, 245-246
Bohr, Margrethe, 161
Bohr, Niels, 22, 72, 80, 215, 296
atomic model, 34, 64-66, 90, 91-92, 102, 113-114, 115, 129, 130, 147-148, 216, 220
Christian X’s audience with, 58
complementarity interpretation, 269-272, 281, 289, 292, 303, 305-306
Einstein’s dispute with, 57-67, 98-99, 110-115, 145, 146, 151, 152, 158, 161, 253, 261, 268-275, 279, 281, 286, 291, 292, 297, 300-304, 305
escape from Nazis, 89
friends and admirers, 52, 57-58, 91, 118, 129-130
and Heisenberg uncertainty principle, 256-263, 280
as Institute of Theoretical Physics director, 40
as lecturer and teacher, 52, 59-60, 90, 91, 92, 138, 268-269, 279-280, 289
lectures in Germany, 59-60, 90, 91, 99
mathematical limitations, 92-93, 111, 121, 123, 237-238, 242, 255, 269
Nobel Prize and lecture, 95, 98-100, 139, 257
opposition to light-quantum hypothesis, 23, 48, 60-61, 62, 99-100, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 110-115, 120-126, 153, 198, 206
peer comprehension and acceptance of theories, 60, 90, 92, 130
personal characteristics, 58, 61, 64, 92, 110, 111, 124-125, 146, 265, 266, 274-275, 289, 299
professional relationships and work habits, 64, 65, 71-72, 93, 239, 248-250, 256, 260-263, 301
quantum model, 60-61, 62, 64, 65, 81, 99, 102, 104, 106, 118, 120-123, 129-130, 131-133, 203, 238
and Schrödinger’s equation, 248-250
theoretical approach, 52-53, 59-61, 65-67, 91, 92, 105-106, 112, 120, 129, 153-154, 220-221, 233, 238-240
Boltzmann distribution, 19-20
Born, Max, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 38, 44, 45, 48, 55, 71, 73, 84, 89, 90, 97, 119, 123, 128, 129-130, 203, 209, 215, 230, 233, 234, 237, 242-247, 251-255, 256, 259, 260, 265, 266, 267-268, 271, 280, 286, 306
Bose, Saryendra, 126, 204, 211-214, 215, 231, 246, 248
Bose-Einstein statistics, 204-209, 210, 213, 218, 233, 286
Bothe-Geiger experiment, 129, 130, 131
Bouasse, Henri, 186
Bragg, Lawrence, 104
Breton, André, 209
Brillouin, Louis, 266
Brillouin, Marcel, 187
Brown, Robert, 20
Brownian motion, 20, 116, 128, 253, 255
Buek, Otto, 210
Burton, Richard, 14
C
Calculus
differential, 107, 177, 241-242
matrix, 233, 238, 239-247, 248, 281
Cambridge University, Cavendish Laboratory, 103
Causality, and quantum theory, 48, 123, 180, 182, 245, 260, 267
Cézanne, Paul, 140
Chaos, 254
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 200
China, 200
Christian X, King of Denmark, 58, 113
Clemenceau, George, 31
Cloud chamber experiments, 129, 132
Communism, 13, 88, 252, 293, 294
Compass, 140
Compton, Arthur, 24, 102-109, 129, 131, 132, 165, 197, 198, 199, 265, 266, 267
Compton effect, 103-109, 110, 112, 116, 118, 120, 124, 129, 131, 132, 138, 139, 142, 153, 197, 206, 207, 210, 233, 235, 238, 245-246, 257, 259-260
Conservation of matter and energy, 47-48, 81, 112, 120-121, 122, 123, 125, 128, 129, 132, 183
Copernicus, 98, 103, 150, 158, 202, 203
Cornell University, 90
Correspondence principle, 59-60, 239, 240
Curie, Marie, 79, 118, 119, 186, 212, 215, 265, 266
D
Dante, 200
Darwin, C.G., 47
Darwin, Charles, 33, 107-108, 165, 230
de Broglie, Louis, 126, 188, 189-194, 195, 197, 198, 203, 205, 209, 211, 213, 219, 221, 248, 266, 267, 275, 306
de Broglie, Maurice, 188
de Broglie wave theory, 189-194, 203, 205-206, 207, 213, 267
de Donder, Theophile, 266
Death in Venice (Mann), 29
Debye, Peter, 41, 89, 103, 107, 112, 218-219, 222, 266
Decline of the West, The (Spengler), 16-17
Denmark
Einstein’s travels to, 110-115, 145, 146-147, 151, 158, 161, 179
Nazi occupation, 58
women’s suffrage, 58
Dirac, Paul, 230, 231, 237, 266, 272, 285, 287, 289, 306
Dirac’s equation, 285-286, 305
Duino Elegies (Rilke), 87
E
Eckart, Carl, 241
Eddington, Arthur, 53, 54, 55, 215, 290
Edward VII, King of England, 217
Ehrenfest, Paul, 24, 29, 41, 51, 52, 54, 66, 84, 113, 125, 130, 132, 146, 182, 197, 198-199, 215, 239, 243, 266, 273, 274, 275, 277, 278, 279, 304, 306
Einstein, Albert. See also Relativity
anti-nationalism, 13-14, 18, 35, 36-37, 50, 80, 116, 118, 120, 121-122, 165, 185-186, 307
assassination threat, 85, 87, 89, 94, 117
and atomic bomb, 79
in Berlin, post-World War I, 3-11, 12-13, 15-19, 21-25, 30, 35, 36, 37, 45, 49
Bohr’s dispute with, 57-67, 98-99, 110-115, 145, 146-147, 151, 152, 158, 161, 253, 261, 268-275, 279, 281, 286, 289, 291, 292, 297, 300-304, 305
in Caputh, 294-295
celebrity status and influence, 55-56, 68-69, 70-71, 74, 76-79, 81-82, 84-85, 94, 100, 197, 204, 205, 210, 211, 218, 244, 287-288, 290
enemies and detractors, 56, 69-75, 85, 88, 108-109, 154-155, 196-197
equivalence principle, 166-167, 169, 172, 189-190, 207
family and early life, 57, 141, 148, 191, 307
friends and supporters, 7, 27-28, 31, 52, 54, 57-58, 63, 70, 73, 78, 84, 98-99, 122, 146, 163, 197, 198-199, 247, 277
health problems and convalescence, 277-278, 281, 290
as Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics director, 40
as lecturer and teacher, 28-29, 31-32, 38, 50, 82-83, 138, 168, 214
light-quantum hypothesis, 18, 20-21, 22-24, 33, 34, 38, 39, 44, 61, 63, 74-75, 80, 81-82, 85, 95, 96-97, 99-100, 106-107, 110-115, 131, 138, 139, 207, 210, 286
marriage and children, 23, 28, 31-32, 33-34, 48-49, 100, 101, 168, 197, 241, 298, 307
mass-energy equation, 33, 248, 286, 300-301
and matrix calculus, 243-244
music and social life, 87, 89, 93, 230, 241
natural-law view of science, 44-47, 54, 123, 128, 140-141, 152, 200, 201-202, 203, 208, 237, 252, 254, 270, 280, 291, 298, 301, 303-304
Netherlands lectures and honors, 49, 51-55, 212, 214-215
Nobel Prize and lecture, 33-34, 94, 95, 98-99, 110, 137-145
opposition to BKS theorem, 120-124
as pacifist, 4, 6, 7-9, 30, 41, 79, 180, 187, 210, 307
as patent examiner, 31, 54, 70, 99, 164, 167, 168, 186
peer comprehension and acceptance
of theories, 6-7, 28-29, 42, 54-55, 57-58, 63, 84, 96, 97, 99, 107, 146
personal characteristics, 3, 6, 7, 16, 26-27, 32-33, 44, 52, 63, 64, 74, 98, 110-111, 187, 230
as philanderer, 23, 26-27, 30, 31, 34, 48, 100-101, 125, 176, 177, 178, 180, 206, 221-222, 254, 276
at Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies, 89, 197, 305, 307
professional relationships and work habits, 38-40, 64-65, 162-163, 166-167, 168, 198-199, 203, 207, 209, 211, 219-220, 230, 231
and Rathenau’s murder, 87, 89, 90, 94
scientific identity and internationalism, 35, 37, 40, 54, 80
and Solvay conferences, 79-80, 90, 118, 119, 120, 172, 203, 204, 264-275, 276, 281, 286, 299, 305
and statistical mechanics, 19-20, 111-112, 116, 128, 204-210, 218, 253, 286
and student revolution, 5-11
Swiss citizenship, 6, 12, 18, 23
theoretical approach, 14-15, 20, 24-25, 27-28, 30, 59-60, 63, 65, 67, 92, 97-98, 105-106, 113, 119-120, 141-143, 153, 154, 155-156, 166-167, 231, 238-239, 303
travels and lecture tours, 27-28, 30, 49, 51-55, 76-77, 78-79, 82, 85, 94-95, 99, 100, 101, 102, 106, 122-123, 177, 186-188, 196, 197, 210, 212, 276-277
on Truth, 295-298
unified field theory, 15, 38, 45, 63, 114, 117, 139, 143, 207, 219, 281-283, 284, 285, 287-288, 289, 290-291, 292, 303
Zürich professorship and lectures, 12-13, 18, 24-25, 30, 31, 34, 177-178, 218
Einstein, Elsa (second wife), 23, 26-27, 30, 31, 34, 48-49, 57, 62, 69, 76, 77, 85, 95, 100-101, 111, 125, 146, 176, 177, 178, 180, 276, 277-278, 283, 289, 291, 294, 295, 306
Einstein, Hans Albert (son), 241, 307
Einstein, Mileva (first wife), 23, 28, 31-32, 33-34, 72, 94, 154, 159, 277
Einstein Tower, 127
Electric fields, 148
Electromagnetic fields, 152, 285-286
Electromagnetic induction, 148
Electromagnetic theory, 91, 103-104, 106, 117
quantum theory and, 39, 80, 83-84, 96-97, 102-103, 107
relativity and, 38, 63, 74, 114, 139, 143, 147, 148, 152, 153, 158, 160-161, 164, 174, 181, 183, 287, 290
speed of light and, 153
Electromotive force, 148, 152, 160, 164
Electrons, 154.
See also Atomic theory;
Photoelectric effect
Bohr’s orbital “jump” theory, 65-66, 91, 102, 113-114, 147, 215, 220, 223-224, 225, 238, 260
collisions, 244
de Broglie wave theory, 189-194, 203, 205-206, 207, 213, 267
Dirac’s equation, 285-286, 305
Schrödinger’s equation, 219-225, 233-234, 240, 241-242, 244, 248-250, 251, 255, 271, 272, 305
spin property, 216, 239, 240, 285-286
Eliot, T.S., 87
Elsevir family, 198
Eötvös, Roland, 166
Equivalence principle, 166-167, 169, 172, 189-190, 207
Eratosthenes, 202
Ether, 154
Euclidean geometry, 46, 142, 177, 178, 234
Exner, Franz, 47
Explanation, 20, 33, 39, 44, 48, 55, 63, 66, 79, 106, 115, 124, 128-129, 142, 144, 147-148, 154, 160, 161, 185, 188, 192, 193, 199, 201-203, 208, 225, 231, 233, 243- 245, 253, 257, 286, 296, 299, 303
versus intuition, 217, 220-221
F
Faraday, Michael, 148
Faustian Culture, 17
Feynman, Richard, 45
Fizeau, Armand, 153
Fluorescence, 105
Fourier, Baron, 80
Fowler, Ralph, 266
France
colonialism, 199-200
as cultural center, 211-212
Einstein’s visit to, 186-188
postwar relations with Germany, 185, 186
Franck, James, 215
French Academy of Sciences, 186
French Revolution, 87
G
Galileo, 8, 38, 91, 104, 109, 150, 151, 152, 163-164, 198, 200, 202, 255, 258, 294
Gamow, George, 279-280
Gases, 205-206, 207, 209, 210, 225
Gay, Peter, 87
Germany. See also World War I
anti-Semitism in, 49-50, 70, 73, 74, 82, 83, 85, 86, 88, 90, 185, 196, 299
Bad Nauheim, 72-73
Bavarian coup, 117
as cultural center, 212-213, 265, 278, 294
economic problems, 95, 101, 117, 162, 179, 184-185, 194, 208, 212, 265, 294-295
and European isolationism, 17-18, 54, 185-186, 194, 195, 203, 212
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics, 40
nationalist movement, 88, 118, 119, 129, 137, 195-196, 208, 278, 306
Nazis, 58, 83, 89, 165, 229-230, 236, 251, 294, 299, 305
Notorious Manifesto of the 93, 37, 42
Physical Society, 27
revolution, 3-11, 12-13, 15-19, 21-25, 29, 30-31, 35, 36, 37
science in, 16, 17, 69, 71, 72, 73, 79-80, 90, 118, 119, 127-128, 264-265, 294, 306
thug politics in, 86, 88-89, 117, 293-294
Goebbels, Joseph, 230, 251, 265, 294
Göring, Hermann, 30
Gravitational lens, 53
Gravity
and acceleration, 164-167
Newton’s law, 168
and photon behavior, 127-128, 168-169
relativity and, 163-175, 181, 182, 183, 287
time and, 174-175
Great Britain, colonialism, 199-200
Grossman, Marcel, 74, 178, 179, 181, 183
Gustav V, King of Sweden, 137, 141, 142
Guye, Paul, 266
H
Harden, Maximilian, 86
Heisenberg, Werner, 7, 92, 93, 107, 122-123, 124, 125, 203, 206, 221, 230, 231-232, 233, 234, 237-238, 239-240, 242, 243, 244, 248, 253, 256-263, 265, 266, 267, 272, 274, 279, 287, 306
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, 256-263, 267, 269, 272-274, 281, 300, 301, 302, 305
Helmholtz, Hermann, 31-32, 145
Hemingway, Ernest, 88, 184-185, 212
Henriot, Emile, 266
Herodotus, 201
Hertz, Heinrich, 39
Herzen, Edouard, 266
Hidden-variables interpretation, 306
Hitler, Adolf, 30, 70, 82, 117, 208, 229-230, 251, 299
Hooke, Robert, 63
Hoover, J. Edgar, 307
Horowitz, Vladimir, 213
Hume, David, 199
I
Identity and Reality (Meyerson), 291
Imagination, 14, 27, 29, 86, 137, 146, 158, 199, 246, 270, 294
artistic, 13
Einstein’s, 27, 126, 167, 255, 303
Heisenberg’s, 256
poetic, 98
practical, 140
teaching, 273
Inertial systems, 150
Italy, 198
Fascism, 88
postwar economy, 184-185
J
Japan, Einstein’s lecture tour, 94-95, 99, 100, 106, 177
K
Kahr, Gastov von, 117
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics, 40
Kamerlingh-Onnes, Helke, 51-52
Kepler, Johannes, 6, 109, 177, 200, 231
Kerensky, Aleksandr, 212
Kessler, Harry, 76, 77, 119, 130, 141, 278, 299, 303
Keynes, John Maynard, 277
Knudsen, Martin, 266
Kramers, Hendrik, 81, 106, 107, 110, 118, 120-121, 132, 248, 266
Kronig, Ralph, 239
Kuhn, Thomas, 98
L
La Rochefoucauls, François, 201
Langevin, Paul, 186, 203, 209, 212, 266, 277, 299
Langmuir, Irving, 266
Laser technology, 97
Lavoisier, Antoine, 18, 87, 236, 294
Lawrence of Arabia, 288
Laws of experience, 45-47, 149, 200, 201
Laws of nature. See Natural law
Leibnitz, Gottfried, 107
Lenard, Philipp, 65, 71, 72, 88, 89, 91, 118, 306
Lenin, V.I., 12, 195-196, 212, 251
Levi-Civita, Tullio, 179
Light, 116-117.
See also Photoelectric effect;
Photons;
Quantum theory
motion experiments, 192-193
speed of, 152-153, 156, 157, 172-174
testing gravitation effects on, 127-128
visible frequencies, 174
wave-particle duality, 61-62, 132, 143, 167, 188-194, 206, 215
Lindbergh, Charles, 288
Linnean classification system, 32, 33
Lorentz, Geertruide, 276
Lorentz, Hendrik, 17, 24, 27-28, 29, 36, 38, 51, 52, 53, 55, 63, 79, 96, 97, 119, 146, 147, 156, 157, 158, 159, 181, 203, 215-217, 225, 231-232, 239, 246, 264, 265, 266, 267, 271, 276-277, 299
Ludendorf, General, 117
Luther, Martin, 71
Lyell, Charles, 236
M
Mach, Ernst, 46, 147, 153-154, 291
Magic Mountain, The (Mann), 29, 40, 180, 208-209
Magnetism, 140
Mahler, Gustav, 70
Mann, Heinrich, 212
Mann, Thomas, 9, 29, 40, 89, 145, 180, 208-209, 212
Many-worlds interpretation, 306
Marx, Karl, 236
Mass-energy equation, 33, 248, 286, 300-301
Matrix calculus, 233, 238, 239-247, 248, 281
Maxwell, James Clerk, 38, 80, 97, 103, 145, 148, 152, 189
Meinhardt, Willy, 276
Mendel, Toni, 276
Mendelev, Dmitry, 91
Mendelsohn, Erich, 127-128
Menuhim, Yehudi, 213
Meyerson, Emile, 291
Miller, Paul, 282-283
Millikan, Robert A., 95-97, 103
Mosely, Henry, 90
Motion
theories of, 148-149
N
Nabokov, Vladimir, 88
National Academy of Sciences, 241
National Research Council, 106
Natural law, 44-47, 54, 123, 128, 140-142, 144, 145, 152, 153, 159, 198, 200, 201-202, 208, 237, 252, 254, 258, 265, 270, 280, 291, 298, 301, 303-304
Nazis, 58, 83, 89, 165, 229-230, 236, 251, 294, 299, 305
Netherlands
Einstein’s travels to, 49, 51-55, 197-198, 212, 214-215
free thought and free press, 198
Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences, 51
scientific community, 49, 52, 53, 215
Trippenhuis, 51
Newton, Isaac, 38, 45-46, 55, 63, 69, 74, 80, 107, 109, 158, 159, 188, 209, 255, 258, 280
Newton’s law of gravity, 168, 172, 182
Newton’s law of motion, 170, 219
Newtonian mechanics, 45-46, 59-60, 222-223, 234
Nobel laureates, 38, 51-52, 56, 65, 73, 95, 98-99, 306
Nordmann, Charles, 186
Notorious Manifesto of the 93, 37, 42
O
O’Connell, Cardinal, 200
P
Painlevé, Paul, 186
Paracelsus, 77
Pauli, Wolfgang, 122, 126, 130, 132, 203, 238, 239, 241, 242, 260, 262-263, 266, 272, 274, 287
Paris Peace Conference, 36-37, 41
Periodic table of elements, 91-92, 115
Philosophical Magazine (journal), 204
Photoelectric effect, 72, 89, 189
and causality, 48
discovery, 39
Einstein’s law, 18, 20-21, 22-24, 33, 34, 38, 39, 44, 61, 63, 74-75, 80, 81-82, 85, 95, 96-97, 99-100, 106-107, 110-115, 131, 138, 139, 207, 210, 286
Lenard’s theory, 65, 71, 74-75, 96
Maxwell’s wave theory and, 97
Planck’s formula and explanation, 18, 21-22, 42-44, 246
in X-ray scattering, 105
Photons
de Broglie wave theory, 189-194, 203, 205-206, 207, 213, 267
and technological revolution, 139-140
Physical Review (journal), 107
Picasso, 212
Piccard, Auguste, 266
Pick, George, 176
Planck, Emma, 58
Planck, Max, 16, 18, 19, 27-28, 30, 31-32, 37-43, 46, 47, 49, 53, 55, 56, 58-59, 72, 73, 74, 79, 90, 96, 97, 99, 107, 117, 119, 125, 146, 203, 205, 225, 234, 249, 264, 265, 266, 290, 303
Planck’s constant, 22, 42, 44, 255, 258
Planck’s law, 39, 42-43, 73, 79, 99, 123, 205, 206-207, 213, 246, 258, 300
Poincaré, Henri, 46, 55, 79, 90, 156, 158, 177, 188
Priestly, Joseph, 86-87
Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies, 89, 197, 305, 307
Principia (Newton), 38
Proust, Marcel, 28, 87, 177, 236-237
Prussian Academy of Sciences, 16, 83, 116, 118, 120, 182, 207, 209, 210, 231, 276, 290
Ptolemy, Claudius, 90-91, 109, 168, 201, 203
Puritans, 198
Q
q-Number algebra, 230, 231, 241-247, 248, 257, 280
Quantum collapse, 272-273
Quantum statistics, 128, 241-247, 251-255, 256, 259, 260, 271, 279, 281, 286
Quantum theory. See also Photoelectric effect;
Photons
Bohr’s atomic model, 60-61, 62, 64, 65-66, 81, 93, 99, 102, 104, 106, 118, 120-123, 129-130, 131-133, 203, 238
Bohr-Kramers-Slater (BKS) theorem, 120-124, 128, 129, 131-132, 139, 203, 210, 235, 238, 245-246
Born’s probabilities, 242-247, 251-255, 256, 259, 260, 271, 281, 286
and Bose-Einstein statistics, 204-209, 210, 213, 218, 233, 286
Bothe-Geiger experiment, 129, 130, 131
complementarity interpretation, 269-272, 281, 289, 292, 303, 305-306
completeness debate, 268-269, 271-275, 280
Compton effect, 103-109, 110, 112, 116, 118, 120, 124, 129, 131, 132, 138, 139, 142, 153, 197, 206, 207, 210, 233, 235, 238, 245-246, 257, 259-260
and conservation of energy, 47-48, 81, 112, 120-121, 122, 123, 125, 128, 129, 132
de Broglie wave theory, 189-194, 203, 205-206, 207, 213, 267, 281
Einstein-Bohr dispute, 57-67, 98-99, 110-115, 145, 146-147, 151, 152, 158, 161, 253, 261, 268-275, 279, 281, 286, 291, 292, 297, 300-304, 305
and electromagnetic wave theory, 39, 80, 83-84, 96-97, 102-103, 107
and gas thermodynamics, 210
gas-radiation analogy, 205-206, 207, 209, 210, 225
ghost-wave notion, 61-62, 120-121, 123, 190, 191, 244-245, 247, 251, 267
and gravity, 168-169
and Heisenberg uncertainty principle, 256-263, 267, 269, 272-274, 281, 300, 301, 302, 305
many-worlds interpretation, 306
Newton-Hooke dispute, 63
ocean-wave analogy, 75, 104-105
opposition to light-quantum hypothesis, 23, 38-39, 48, 60-61, 62, 95, 99-100, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 110-115, 120-126, 129, 131, 132-133, 153, 189, 198, 206
Planck’s law, 39, 42-43, 73, 79, 99, 123, 205, 206-207, 213, 246, 258, 286, 300
popular discussion of, 128
relativity theory linked to, 34, 189-194, 216, 271, 281, 285-286, 302
Schrödinger’s equation, 219-225, 233-234, 240, 241-242, 244, 248-250, 251, 255, 271, 272, 286, 305
and space-time continuum, 114-115, 116, 117, 131, 139, 235
train example, 169
virtual field, 120-121, 125, 271
wave packets, 61-62, 132, 220, 222, 224, 244, 249
Wien’s work, 73
R
Rathenau, Walther, 3-4, 54, 76-77, 85, 86, 87
Reality, 17, 19, 20, 32, 34, 44-47, 159, 229, 234, 244-245, 253-255, 269, 291, 295, 296-297, 302, 303
Relativity
anti-relativity movement, 69-75, 146, 154-155, 197, 254
baseball example, 156-157, 159-160
Besso’s contribution, 31, 146, 152, 156, 157, 159
and Bohr’s electron theory, 147
comprehension and acceptance of, 6-7, 28-29, 42, 54-55, 63, 74, 77-78, 95, 116, 158, 186, 210, 219
and conservation of energy, 183
Einstein’s defense of, 71-75
and electromagnetic theory, 38, 63, 74, 114, 139, 143, 147, 148, 152, 153, 158, 160-161, 164, 174, 181, 183, 287
general theory, 29, 38, 40, 53-55, 63, 71, 97, 114, 143, 162-167, 171, 172-183, 187, 219, 245, 281, 282, 287, 302
and gravity, 163-175, 181, 182, 183, 287
hidden-variables interpretation, 306
Lenard-Einstein debate, 72-74
Lorentz’s work and, 147, 154-156, 157, 158, 159, 181, 271
mathematics of, 159, 178-179, 180, 181-183
and Newton’s laws, 59-60, 152, 168, 172, 182
proof of, 48, 53-55, 57, 74, 83-84, 171, 182, 283-284
quantum theory linked to, 34, 189-194, 216, 271, 281, 285-286, 302
and Riemann no-parallelism, 282
and space-time continuum, 114-115, 139, 149-151, 156-158, 174-175
special theory, 143, 166, 167, 172, 182, 186, 223, 285-286, 301
and speed of light, 156, 157, 173-174
sum-over-histories interpretation, 306
train examples, 27, 153, 163, 165 171, 172
Rembrandt, 198
Ricci, Gregorio, 179
Richardson, Owen, 266
Riemann, Bernhard, 178
Riemannian space, 178, 282, 289
Rilke, Ranier Maria, 87
Rosenfeld, Léon, 301
Rosenthal-Schneider, Ilse, 48, 89
Royal Astronomical Society of London, 55
Royal Society of London, 55, 63
Russia, 195-196
Rutherford, Ernest, 8, 38, 39-40, 64, 99, 103, 129, 130, 248, 277
S
Saint Augustine, 74
Schönberg, Arnold, 212-213
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 265
Schrödinger, Erwin, 89, 125, 218-225, 230, 231, 233, 235, 239, 240, 242, 248-250, 261, 266, 267, 278, 280, 281, 285, 306
Schrödinger function, 224, 245, 249, 260, 286
Schrödinger representation, 222, 223
Schrödinger’s equation, 219-225, 233-234, 240, 241-242, 244, 248-250, 251, 255, 271, 272, 286, 305
Schultz, Betty, 41
Scientific intrigues and factionalism, 41
Serkin, Rudolph, 87
Shakespeare, William, 98, 177, 208
Slater, John, 118, 120-121, 132
Society of French Physicists, 186
Society of German Scientists and Physicians, 72
Soldner, Johann, 168
Solovine, Maurice, 186
first (1911), 79-80, 90, 172, 187-188
third (1921), 79-80
fourth (1924), 118,119, 203, 204
fifth (1927), 264-275, 276, 286
seventh (1933), 305
Solvay, Ernst, 89-90
Sommerfeld, Arnold, 34, 38, 60, 90, 102-103, 104, 108, 119, 147, 181-183, 203, 218, 239
Sonar, 8
Sonnets to Orpheus (Rilke), 87
South America, Einstein’s tour of, 210
Soviet Union, 252
Space-time, 114-115, 116, 117, 131, 139, 149-151, 156-158, 174-175, 235
Sparticists, 30-31
Spengler, Oswald, 16-17
Stalin, Joseph, 196
Stark, Johannes, 38, 39, 40, 56, 71, 91, 108-109, 163, 168, 209, 306
Statistical mechanics, 19-20, 111-112, 116, 128, 204-210, 218, 253, 286
Statistical randomness, 47
Stein, Gertrude, 212
Stravinsky, Igor, 212
Sum-over-histories interpretation, 306
Superconductivity, 52
Surrealist Manifesto, The (Breton), 209
Switzerland
Caberet Voltaire, 13
post-World War I intrigue, 30-31
T
Tagore, Rabindranath, 78, 295-298
Teller, Edward, 279
Thales of Miletus, 200-201, 202
Thermodynamics, statistics of, 52
Treaty of Locarno, 212
Treaty of Versailles, 45, 49, 212, 294
Trotsky, Leon, 31
U
Ultraviolet light, 39
Ulysses (Joyce), 87
Understanding, 18-19, 45, 62, 77, 98, 108, 120, 140, 141-142, 202, 216, 231, 234, 235, 247, 256, 270, 291, 296
Unified field theory, 15, 38, 45, 63, 114, 117, 139, 143, 207, 219, 281-283, 284, 285, 287-288, 289, 290-291, 292, 303
University of Berlin, 195
University of Chicago, 95
University of Göttingen, 28-29, 89, 99, 119, 122-123, 218, 230, 238, 239, 251
University of Heidelberg, 118
University of Zürich, 12-13, 18, 24-25, 30, 31, 34, 177-178, 218, 277
V
van Vleck, John, 132
Verschaffelt, Emile, 266
von Laue, Max, 70, 84, 104, 119, 146
W
Washington University (St. Louis), 102, 106
Wasteland, The (Eliot), 87
Watson, Charles, 236
Wave packets, 61-62, 132, 220, 222, 224, 244, 249
Wave-particle duality, 61-62, 132, 143, 167, 188-194, 206, 215
Wells, H.G., 79
Wertheimer, Max, 4, 5, 8, 11, 162
Weyl, Hermann, 73-74
Wien, Wilhelm, 73, 128, 203, 234, 235, 259
Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands, 215
Wilson, Charles, 266
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 208
World War I, 180-181
Allied blockade, 10, 41, 49, 212
Battle of Verdun, 7
Manifesto to Europeans (protest), 210
Notorious Manifesto of the 93, 37, 42
Paris Peace Conference, 36-37, 41
western front, 186-187
Wozzeck (opera), 213
X
X-rays
Compton effect, 102-109, 110, 112, 115, 116, 118, 124, 142
wave theory, 102
Y
Young, Thomas, 80, 188-189, 192-193
Z
Zangger, Heinrich, 277
Zeitschrift für Physik (journal), 107, 205, 260
Zionist movement, 36, 41-42, 49-50, 82, 101, 116, 121-122, 125
Zürich Polytechnic School, 18