| AFTAC | Air Force Technical Applications Center |
| AI | artificial intelligence |
| CONOPS | concepts of operation |
| CTBT | Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty |
| CTBTO | Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization |
| DARPA | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency |
| DNN | Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation [NNSA] |
| DNN R&D | Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation R&D (NA-22) [NNSA] |
| DoD | Department of Defense |
| DOE | Department of Energy |
| DP | Office of Defense Programs [NNSA] |
| DTRA | Defense Threat Reduction Agency |
| HEU | highly enriched uranium |
| IAEA | International Atomic Energy Agency |
| IARPA | Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Agency |
| IG | Inspector General |
| IMS | International Monitoring System [CTBTO] |
| IPNDV | International Partnership for Nuclear Disarmament Verification |
| LDRD | Laboratory-Directed Research & Development |
| MDV | monitoring, detection, and verification |
| ML | machine learning |
| NDAA | National Defense Authorization Act |
| NDRD | Nuclear Defense Research and Development (Strategic Plan) |
| NNSA | National Nuclear Security Administration |
| NPAC | Office of Nonproliferation and Arms Control [NNSA/DNN] |
| NSC | National Security Council |
| NSP | Nonproliferation Stewardship Program [NNSA] |
| NTM | national technical means |
| ODNI | Office of the Director of National Intelligence |
| OINS | Office of International Nuclear Safeguards [NNSA/NPAC] |
| ONV | Office of Nuclear Verification [NNSA/NPAC] |
| OSTP | Office of Science and Technology Policy |
| R&D | research and development |
| RDT&E | research, development, testing, and evaluation |
| SME | subject matter expert |
| TRL | technology readiness level |
| USNDS | United States Nuclear Detonation Detection System |
| WAES | wide-area environmental sampling |