TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 154: Developing, Enhancing, and Sustaining Tribal Transit Services: A Guidebook offers guidance about the various steps for planning and implementing a tribal transit system. The steps that are described may be used for planning a new transit system, enhancing an existing service, or taking action to sustain services.
The report also provides an overview of the tribal transit planning process.
The project that developed TCRP Report 154 also produced TCRP Web Document 54: Developing, Enhancing, and Sustaining Tribal Transit Services: Final Research Report, which documents the development of the TCRP Report 154.
In addition, the project also produced a 16-page full-color brochure, published in 2011 as "Native Americans on the Move: Challenges and Successes", with an accompanying PowerPoint presentation; and a PowerPoint presentation describing the entire project.
224 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-25817-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-41107-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/22818
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Developing, Enhancing, and Sustaining Tribal Transit Services: A Guidebook. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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High magnetic fields are a vital tool in many areas of science and technology that impact our everyday lives. Magnetic resonance imaging enables a wide range of medical diagnostics and research, while nuclear magnetic resonance is critical for drug discovery research and more. High magnetic fields are an essential component to many proposed fusion energy reactors and are necessary to push the boundaries towards the development of new quantum technologies and semiconductors.
At the request of the National Science Foundation, the National Academies organized a study to identify scientific opportunities and key applications for high-magnetic-field science and technology for the next decade and beyond. This report explores the current state and future prospects for high-magnetic-field technologies and recommends actions to support the workforce, facilities, magnet development, and critical materials access necessary to promote U.S. innovation.
194 pages
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7 x 10
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72177-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72178-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27830
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. The Current Status and Future Direction of High-Magnetic-Field Science and Technology in the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Myopia, commonly called nearsightedness, has been increasing globally. If current trends continue, there will be 5 billion near-sighted individuals globally by 2050. The understanding of myopia has been enhanced by advances in genetics, investigations employing animal models, understanding of physiology, ocular imaging, epidemiology, environmental research, and clinical trials of interventional strategies. To further develop the knowledge base related to myopia and to reduce the incidence and negative consequences of the disease, eye care professionals, federal agencies, and funding agencies need to make improvements to standardize care, increase funding to study treatments, encourage outdoor time, and overall facilitate the standardization of assessments and diagnostics. Progress in these areas is imperative to address the current increase in myopia across the country.
Myopia: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment of an Increasingly Common Disease identifies and assesses the current mechanistic understanding of myopia pathogenesis and the causes of its increased prevalence. This report also examines knowledge gaps and barriers to progress and develops a research agenda aimed at better understanding the biological and environmental factors that could explain the increasing incidence of myopia.
374 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71785-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71786-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27734
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Myopia: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment of an Increasingly Common Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The pandemic and overlapping global crises, including climate change, have increased attention to the importance of mental health and well-being as foundational for humans. Similarly, COVID-19 significantly exacerbated gaps in education, leaving children one to three years behind. Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated potential to be transformative in addressing challenges in mental health and education and in supporting broader sustainability issues. However, there are well-founded concerns about AI regarding its potential to exacerbate inequity, further marginalizing underserved communities.
To further explore these issues, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Roundtable on Science and Technology for Sustainability, in collaboration with the Board on Health Care Services and Board on Science Education, convened a hybrid workshop, Artificial Intelligence in Education and Mental Health for a Sustainable Future on May 30, 2024. The workshop consisted of two parts: AI in mental health and well-being and AI in education. Participants reviewed AI tools, applications, and strategies in education and mental health and the implications for sustainable development. The workshop also discussed AI's potential to accelerate progress on the Sustainable Development Goals.
11 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72775-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27995
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Artificial Intelligence in Education and Mental Health for a Sustainable Future: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Engineering advances economic growth, enhances manufacturing capacity, enhances infrastructure resilience, improves healthcare, and strengthens national security. However, the impact of engineering research - and, by extension, engineering education - is often hidden from the public eye. Promoting comprehension of how engineering affects society is thus a crucial aspect of garnering and sustaining public backing of policies aimed at ensuring that technology continues to serve the greater good of humanity. One part of this effort is highlighting the pivotal role of federal support of engineering research. Such support furnishes researchers with the necessary resources to pursue ambitious projects, fostering exploration into fundamental questions, groundbreaking technology and engineered systems developments, and practical applications.
Since its inception in 1950, the National Science Foundation (NSF)—an independent federal agency—has played a critical role in funding cutting-edge research, including in engineering. At the request of NSF, Impacts of National Science Foundation Engineering Research Support on Society explores how investment in engineering research and education has led to positive societal impacts, focusing on the stories of the people responsible for these impacts. This report presents clear, compelling narratives for the public about the sources and effects of engineering innovations and offer recommendations on how to bring this information to the attention of diverse audiences.
190 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72295-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72296-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27873
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Impacts of National Science Foundation Engineering Research Support on Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Although continuity has historically been viewed as part of the recovery phase of a crisis incident rather than a critical element of crisis response, there is an opportunity to reframe the role for continuity planning to claim it as a tool for constant adaptability to the world's many disruptions.
ACRP Research Report 268: Integrating Crisis Management and Business Continuity at Airports: A Practical Guide, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, provides concepts, tools, and resources to build critical thinking skills and adaptability so that airports are prepared for anticipated and unforeseen crises that threaten to disrupt operations. It sets a path for building continuity leaders at every level of an airport by equipping them with a working knowledge of continuity through activities anchored in the essential elements of a practical program.
88 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72468-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72469-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27915
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Integrating Crisis Management and Business Continuity at Airports: A Practical Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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While there has been extensive research and development of stormwater best management practices, there has been little focus on designs specific to the on-bridge environment.
NCHRP Web-Only Document 401: Developing a Guide for On-Bridge Stormwater Treatment Practices, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1117: On-Bridge Stormwater Treatment Practices: A Guide and summarizes the conduct of research.
219 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72429-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27905
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Developing a Guide for On-Bridge Stormwater Treatment Practices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Stormwater treatment of bridge deck runoff continues to be a design challenge. There is a growing need to develop more options for on-bridge treatment of stormwater that will address challenges, including, but not limited to, level of service, structural integrity, hydraulic function, litter and sediment loads, freeze-thaw cycles, maintenance operations, and work zone safety.
NCHRP Research Report 1117: On-Bridge Stormwater Treatment Practices: A Guide, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, presents a guide for determining the feasibility of on-bridge stormwater treatments for bridges and what design, construction, and operation and maintenance approaches are necessary to mitigate risks and balance costs with environmental protection.
Supplemental to the report is NCHRP Web-Only Document 401: Developing a Guide for On-Bridge Stormwater Treatment Practices, a conduct of research report summarizing the work that went into the development of the guide.
172 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72432-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72426-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27904
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. On-Bridge Stormwater Treatment Practices: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
At the request of the Health Resources and Services Administration, the National Academies Forum on Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders hosted a public workshop in April 2024 to explore mental health care services related to anxiety and mood disorders in women. Speakers provided evidence to identify, define, and prepare strategies for the provision of essential health care services for women experiencing anxiety and mood disorders. Presentations also described health disparities, healthcare finances, and policies related to the quality and access of mental healthcare services available for women.
114 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72457-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72458-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27912
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Essential Health Care Services Related to Anxiety and Mood Disorders in Women: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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At any one time, at least 30,000 people in the U.S. are living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a rapidly progressive, fatal neurological disease affecting individuals, caregivers, at-risk genetic carriers, and others. In 2022, Congress directed the National Institutes of Health to commission a National Academies committee of experts to recommend key actions public, private, and nonprofit sectors should take to make ALS a livable disease within the next 10 years. The resulting report, Living with ALS, focuses on an integrated ALS multidisciplinary care and research system to help facilitate earlier diagnosis and connections to specialty care.
190 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71801-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71802-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27739
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Living with ALS. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a critical part of infection prevention and health care worker (HCW) protection. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed gaps in the ability of health care systems to ensure HCWs have adequate access to PPE during times of surge in demand, placing both HCWs and patients at risk. In March 2024, the National Academies convened a public workshop to identify opportunities to increase the use of reusable health care textiles (HCTs) used for PPE in health care settings. Speakers emphasized reusable textiles' potential to protect health care staff and their patients, reduce waste and environmental effects from disposable HCTs, prepare for future pandemics, and provide cost savings.
122 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71884-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71885-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27762
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Reusable Health Care Textiles for Use in Personal Protective Equipment: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consumer-grade mobile devices—including smartphones, tablets, peripheral devices, and Rovers—are increasingly used as innovative tools in construction project delivery, documentation, and inspection. Advances in camera technology combined with increased accuracy in geolocation, graphical displays, and LiDAR abilities provide a powerful construction technology that is also widely accessible and used by most construction professionals on jobsites.
NCHRP Synthesis 635: Mobile Devices as a Tool for Digitized Project Documentation and Inspection, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents practices of state departments of transportation for using mobile devices to support digitized project delivery, documentation, and inspection.
168 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71006-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72417-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27901
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Mobile Devices as a Tool for Digitized Project Documentation and Inspection. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Infrastructure owner-operators (IOOs) in the transportation industry, public utilities, and emergency services are examining how autonomous vehicles (AVs) and automated technologies may be used to help alleviate workforce shortfalls. Significant benefits may be derived from the automation of several manually performed tasks. For instance, the use of autonomous fleets may increase staff productivity by allowing IOOs to direct staff resources to other tasks or new jobs, reduce exposure to unsafe job functions, or provide an opportunity for staff to develop new skills.
NCHRP Research Report 1119: Automated Applications for Infrastructure Owner-Operator Fleets, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, provides the current status of and barriers to the implementation and application of AVs and other automated technologies that may potentially supplement or replace IOO fleets.
The report is part of the same project as NCHRP Research Report 1084: Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Technology: Determining the Impact on State DOT Maintenance Programs.
102 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71004-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72423-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27903
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Automated Applications for Infrastructure Owner-Operator Fleets. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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There is enormous potential for Machine Learning (ML) to transform state Departments of Transportation (DOTs), by strategizing and deploying ML solutions that improve transportation safety, efficiency, equity, and sustainability. NCHRP Web-Only Document 404: Implementing and Leveraging Machine Learning at State Departments of Transportation, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is the conduct of research report for NCHRP Project 23-16 and documents the state of the art and state of the practice on ML; presents case studies on ML applications; and compiles ML tools and sample ML applications.
NCHRP Web-Only Document 404 is a supplement to NCHRP Research Report 1122: Implementing Machine Learning at State Departments of Transportation: A Guide.
108 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72420-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27902
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Implementing and Leveraging Machine Learning at State Departments of Transportation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Within the last two decades, Machine Learning (ML), the main subfield of Artificial Intelligence (AI), has gained significant momentum across all sectors, driven by a confluence of factors: exponential growth in data generation, advancements in data storage and computing, and innovations in algorithmic techniques. Most notably and recently, the proliferation of deep learning (DL) methods and generative AI tools (GATs) such as ChatGPT are revolutionizing the business landscape. In an era where data is pouring in from new sources, the pace of data growth is exceeding the pace at which state and local Departments of Transportation (DOTs) are able to use it.
NCHRP Research Report 1122: Implementing Machine Learning at State Departments of Transportation: A Guide, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, serves as both an education and a decision-making tool to assist state DOTs and other transportation agencies in identifying promising ML applications; assessing costs, benefits, risks, and limitations of different approaches; and building a data-driven organization conducive to capitalizing on and expanding ML capabilities in a broad spectrum of transportation applications.
Along with supplemental files, there is an associated publication, NCHRP Web-Only Document 404: Implementing and Leveraging Machine Learning at State Departments of Transportation, which documents the overall research effort.
90 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-70996-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72335-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27880
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Implementing Machine Learning at State Departments of Transportation: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Understanding the intricate relationship between climate dynamics and the macroeconomy is crucial for informed policy and long-term planning. However, there is a gap between climate modeling and the understanding of its full macroeconomic effects, partly due to challenges such as nonlinear climate dynamics, feedback loops, and model complexity. To address this, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, under the auspices of the Roundtable on Macroeconomics and Climate-Related Risks and Opportunities, convened a workshop on November 1-2, 2023, to consider the state of knowledge on cascading, compounding, and nonlinear physical climate risks and their implications for the macroeconomy. Through panels of invited speakers and interactive breakout discussions, the workshop focused on physical climate risks and explored how different disciplines assess and model impacts. Workshop discussions explored current and historical examples of shocks to the macroeconomy and how those have been modeled, and experts shared some of the lessons they have learned that may be relevant to policy makers today.
92 pages
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6 x 9
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72127-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72128-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27811
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Research on the Dynamics of Climate and the Macroeconomy: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Future weather events at airports will likely look different from what is experienced today because of a changing climate.
ACRP Web-Only Document 64: Assessing Climate Change Vulnerability at Airports: A Primer, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, is intended for use by airport decisionmakers, operators, planners, and consultants interested in assessing the vulnerability of airports to the impacts of climate change.
The document updates ACRP Report 147: Climate Change Adaptation Planning: Risk Assessment for Airports and ACRP Report 160: Addressing Significant Weather Impacts on Airports: Quick Start Guide and Toolkit.
31 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72715-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27982
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Assessing Climate Change Vulnerability at Airports: A Primer. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The transit industry in the United States uses insulated cables for traction power supply and negative return cables between traction power substations, tie switches, and points of delivery to the vehicles, whether a third (contact) rail or an overhead contact system.
TCRP Web-Only Document 77: Developing a Guide for Transit Traction Power Cables, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, develops guidelines to determine when to replace transit system cables. The document is supplemental to TCRP Research Report 246: Transit Traction Power Cables: Replacement Guidelines.
59 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72439-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27908
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Developing a Guide for Transit Traction Power Cables. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Many transit agencies' conductor insulation systems used for traction power cables and lower voltage power distribution and signal communication systems typically have a 30-year lifespan, and many of these systems are at that age or older.
TCRP Research Report 246: Transit Traction Power Cables: Replacement Guidelines, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, presents current practices for assessing insulation aging and replacement of cables before failure, including approaches used in transit systems for which there are no monitoring programs or testing systems.
Supplemental to the report are TCRP Web-Only Document 77: Developing a Guide for Transit Traction Power Cables and a PowerPoint presentation.
148 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71003-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72436-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27907
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Transit Traction Power Cables: Replacement Guidelines. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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