Workshop_in_brief
The quality of U.S. drinking water is at risk from many causes, including the nation's aging infrastructure and environmental conditions that affect source water conditions. Quality Water from Every Tap, a workshop held in Washington, D.C., on November 21-22, 2019, provided an opportunity for experts from government, affected communities, academia, and the private sector to explore both the challenges and factors that affect the delivery of water with acceptable quality and the paths to increase the quality of water for systems that do not meet today's drinking water standards - especially focusing on communities that lack adequate resources and expertise because they are small or have declining populations. This publication provides the rapporteurs' high-level summary of the topics addressed in the workshop and suggestions provided by workshop participants for potential actions to address the nation's water quality challenges.
12 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-28878-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26069
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Quality Water from Every Tap: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Early relationships are foundational for lifelong health, learning, and well-being. Mutual, meaningful, and affirming moments of connection in the youngest relationships support brain development, resilience, and social-emotional growth. These experiences, known as early relational health (ERH), can also buffer the impacts of adversity and help create pathways toward thriving children, families, and communities.
Early Relational Health: Building Foundations for Child, Family, and Community Well-Being provides evidence-based opportunities for advancing ERH. Developed by a committee of experts, this report highlights opportunities for practice, policy, and research to strengthen supportive relationships. It emphasizes asset-based approaches, family and community leadership, workforce supports, and cross-sector collaboration to promote ERH across health care, education, and social systems.
191 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99594-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-60050-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29234
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Early Relational Health: Building Foundations for Child, Family, and Community Well-Being. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Emerging ground access technologies, such as autonomous, automated, connected, and electric vehicles, will affect airport landside operations. Curbside traffic will change, becoming more complex as automotive technologies become more innovative. Other mass and personal transportation modes that leverage both legacy and new technologies will also provide mobility to and from the airport. Airport operators will need to understand the impacts to landside operations to effectively plan for passenger terminal facilities. They will also have to consider accessibility, costs, legal and regulatory implications, sustainability, and resilience.
ACRP Research Report 269: Enhancing Airport Access with Emerging Mobility, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, provides strategies for addressing current and future transportation and ground access technologies and for planning landside facilities that incorporate these emerging technologies.
328 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73198-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73199-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28600
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Enhancing Airport Access with Emerging Mobility. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
In recent years, concerns have grown about foreign actors exploiting the openness of the U.S. research ecosystem to misappropriate scientific and technological information to enhance their nations' scientific, economic, and military capabilities. Research security requirements for academic institutions currently include research security training, disclosure of funding sources in applications for federal research and development awards, and the development of comprehensive research security plans focused on cybersecurity, foreign travel security, insider threat awareness training, and export control training and compliance. These requirements are being implemented, and additional requirements are being contemplated.
To consider the impacts of current and potential research security requirements, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on May 22-23, 2025, in Washington, DC. The event focused on potential measures of effectiveness and performance and the data needed to assess research security and protection efforts in higher education by a range of federal agencies. This proceedings describes the presentations and discussions at the workshop.
112 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-59915-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-59916-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29241
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Assessing Research Security Efforts in Higher Education: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Tobacco use and alcohol use place first and third, respectively, as leading modifiable risk factors for cancer cases and deaths in the US. Our National Cancer Policy Forum convened a public workshop in March 2025 to examine current evidence on the health outcomes of tobacco and alcohol use, including their synergistic effects. Participants explored the state of research on tobacco and alcohol as cancer risk factors and differences in outcomes across U.S. populations. Speakers discussed potential strategies, such as community engagement and public health messaging, to reduce tobacco and alcohol use to lower cancer risk and improve health outcomes for all. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes presentations and discussions from the workshop.
76 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-60011-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-59987-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29264
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Addressing the Impact of Tobacco and Alcohol Use on Cancer-Related Health Outcomes: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Letter
TRB's Research and Technology Coordinating Committee provides strategic advice to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) on its research, development and technology (RD&T) program. The committee's letter report to FHWA describes how the agency's RD&T program functions as a key element in the nation's highway RD&T enterprise. After examining the goals, capabilities, and constraints of the FHWA RD&T program, the committee recommends steps the agency can take to further strengthen its crucial role in accelerating innovation in the highway field.
14 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-60003-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29262
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Research and Technology Coordinating Committee Letter Report: September 2025. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Military personnel, who are often exposed to a variety of hazards while deployed, have expressed concerns that mental, behavioral, and neurologic health issues may arise from these exposures. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, in accordance with Section 507 of the Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022 (PACT Act), requested that the National Academies convene a committee of experts to assess possible relationships between exposures experienced during military service and mental, behavioral, and neurologic health conditions and chronic multisymptom illness. Consistent with the PACT Act, the committee focused on veterans deployed to the Southwest Asia Theater of Operations or Afghanistan after September 11, 2001. The resulting report offers conclusions regarding possible risk-conferring relationships between nine categories of exposures and health outcomes including depression, anxiety, and dementia.
370 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99536-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99537-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29219
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Exploring Military Exposures and Mental, Behavioral, and Neurologic Health Outcomes Among Post-9/11 Veterans. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The diversion of water into the Los Angeles Aqueduct led to the desiccation of Owens Lake, located in California's Owens Valley. The dry lakebed became one of the nation's largest sources of fine airborne particulate matter (PM10), which can cause or worsen a variety of health problems such as asthma, bronchitis, and respiratory infections.
Owens Lake Scientific Advisory Panel: Off-Lake Sources of Airborne Dust in Owens Valley, California states that off-lake sources now cause a majority of air quality exceedances. This report examines the origin of these off-lake dust sources and how they might change over time. The report discusses possible dust control measures that could be applied to off-lake sources, as well as the applicability of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Exceptional Events Rule.
Owens Lake Scientific Advisory Panel: Off-Lake Sources of Airborne Dust in Owens Valley, California states that if dust control measures are determined to be necessary for off-lake sources, implementation will require a systems-level landscape approach that considers cultural resources. Establishing and maintaining native vegetation is the most stable and sustainable dust control measure across all emitting off-lake surfaces. However, many areas around Owens Lake are extremely dynamic settings and require different approaches over space, and possible re-treatment over time, unless self-sustaining controls are implemented.
164 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72637-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72638-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27958
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Off-Lake Sources of Airborne Dust in Owens Valley, California. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The Manhattan Project was a large-scale, top-secret program of the U.S. federal government created with the specific purpose of developing the world's first nuclear weapon. Each step of the manufacturing process involved potential exposures to chemical and radiological hazards for those involved. Records documenting Manhattan Project processes, activities, and individual people were not uniform, archived in various locations, and at times destroyed due to both administrative and accidental reasons, resulting in a fragmented historical record of the people and activities.
Given these uncertainties, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs asked the National Academies to conduct a feasibility assessment to determine whether an epidemiologic study could be conducted to examine health outcomes in active-duty military veterans who participated in the Manhattan Project at 13 specified sites. The resulting report offers conclusions on the feasibility of conducting such a study and provides alternative methods to examine associations between exposures and adverse health outcomes among this population of veterans.
270 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99504-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73134-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28585
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Evaluation of Manhattan Project Records for Veteran Health and Exposure Assessments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened an ad-hoc committee to examine the effects of the 2021 federal Child Tax Credit (CTC) and Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) on child poverty. The committee was also tasked with exploring implementation and administration of these policies and participation in these programs among families in order to better understand how they helped facilitate or reduce program access with a focus on child poverty reduction. To inform its deliberations, the committee held four public sessions between July 2024 and September 2024. This publication summarizes presentations and discussion of the public sessions.
11 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-10001-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29107
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Impacts of the Child Tax Credit and Earned Income Tax Credit on Child Poverty: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Federal tax credits are among the nation's most powerful tools for reducing child poverty. Temporary expansions of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and Child Tax Credit (CTC) under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 demonstrated the scale of impact these policies can have, lifting more than 2 million children above the poverty line and showing that alternative designs could reduce child poverty even further.
Pathways to Reduce Child Poverty: Impacts of Federal Tax Credits provides an in-depth assessment of how these credits worked in 2021, what effects they had across different groups of children, and the potential trade-offs of long-term policy options. Developed by a committee of experts, the report offers evidence-based insights for policymakers, funders, researchers, and advocates. It highlights how different credit designs could shape children's well-being, employment incentives, and fiscal costs, and points to opportunities for future research to strengthen policy decisions.
403 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99409-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99407-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29163
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Pathways to Reduce Child Poverty: Impacts of Federal Tax Credits. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The COVID-19 pandemic-induced shift toward remote and hybrid work arrangements significantly impacted peak hour transit ridership across the United States; however, offpeak ridership exhibited greater resilience. As a result, many transit agencies began reevaluating their service strategies, placing greater emphasis on nighttime service enhancements to better serve emerging travel patterns and support those who rely on transit outside conventional work hours.
TCRP Synthesis 181: Planning and Operations Initiatives to Support Nighttime Transit Ridership, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, documents current practices undertaken by transit agencies to support nighttime transit ridership and focuses on how transit agencies prioritize service improvements to support nighttime transit demand and address the needs of essential workers. It includes a survey of 25 transit agencies plus five case examples that examine strategies related to safety, operations, resource allocation, ridership trends, and partnerships.
82 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99541-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99542-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29221
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Planning and Operations Initiatives to Support Nighttime Transit Ridership. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Young drivers with neurodevelopmental disabilities may be at more risk for motor vehicle crashes due to behavior characteristics commonly associated with these conditions. In recent years, a growing body of research has examined driving risks for teens with autism and those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
BTSCRP Research Report 15: Teen Driving Performance Associated with Distraction, ADHD, and Other Risk Factors, from TRB's Behavioral Traffic Safety Cooperative Research Program, provides further insights into traffic safety risks for teen drivers with different levels of ADHD. The report concludes that teen drivers with ADHD tend to look away from the road more frequently and may be at an elevated risk for missed hazards.
40 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99489-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99490-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29209
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Teen Driving Performance Associated with Distraction, ADHD, and Other Risk Factors. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
On March 12-13, 2025, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Board on Army Research and Development convened a workshop to explore barriers and opportunities for developing the U.S. Army's next generation of armor. At the workshop, experts from industry, academia, government, and national laboratories explored barriers that may exist to the introduction of a new generation of materials that could provide somewhat comparable kinetic weapons protection with significant weight savings. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
13 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99540-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29220
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. U.S. Army Next Generation Armor: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
On February 20-21, 2025, the Chemical Sciences Roundtable of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop, Building Access to Tomorrow's Medicines: Bringing Together Humans, Robots, and Artificial Intelligence. It examined how artificial intelligence (AI) could potentially revolutionize drug discovery and development, shorten the time for drug development, and eventually personalize medicine at scale. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the presentations and panel discussions that occurred at that workshop.
13 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99406-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29162
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Building Access to Tomorrow's Medicines: Bringing Together Humans, Robots, and Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Over the past decade, public transit agencies across the United States and Canada have increasingly adopted low-income fare discount programs to improve transit affordability and accessibility. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated this trend, prompting agencies to reevaluate services and expand affordable transit choices. These programs offer various benefits such as fare discounts, free rides, or discounted passes.
TCRP Synthesis 182: Providing Low-Income Fare Discounts at Public Transit Agencies, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, documents the current state of the practice of low-income fare discount programs offered by North American transit agencies.
126 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99495-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99496-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29210
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Providing Low-Income Fare Discounts at Public Transit Agencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Transportation leaders encounter multiple situations daily that require decisions to be made. These decisions can have impacts on billions of dollars or an entire state of travelers, and they often need to be made quickly and without all the information available.
NCHRP Research Report 1162: Advancing the Art and Science of Decision-Making: A Guide, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, combines practical advice and experiences from transportation agency executives with the latest findings from cognitive science research to supplement leaders’ toolboxes for good decision-making.
87 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-60018-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-60016-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29265
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Advancing the Art and Science of Decision-Making: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The transportation industry continues to face a range of unforeseen and evolving challenges to transportation assets and operations that affect the performance and resilience of transportation systems and networks. For example, significant disruptions to supply chains and traffic patterns were outcomes of the unanticipated collapse of the Key Bridge in Baltimore, Maryland.
NCHRP Research Report 1146: Risk Management at State DOTs: Building Momentum and Sustaining the Practice, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, provides guidelines for state departments of transportation and other agencies to establish and maintain a risk management culture and practice.
104 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99340-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99341-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29144
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Risk Management at State DOTs: Building Momentum and Sustaining the Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Empathy and compassion shape how people build relationships, care for one another, and respond to suffering. Yet, the biological mechanisms that underlie these traits and their influence on brain health are not fully understood.
The National Academies Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders, in collaboration with the Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, convened a two-day virtual workshop in May 2025 to explore the underlying neurobiology of empathy and compassion; consider the influence of social interactions, psychological states, and the environment; and explore how this knowledge may be harnessed to treat brain disorders and foster human well-being. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief outlines presentations and discussions that occurred during the workshop, including perspectives from individuals with lived experience, neuroscientists, and health care professionals, including psychologists.
15 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-60034-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29238
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Unraveling the Neurobiology of Empathy and Compassion: Implications for Treatments for Brain Disorders and Human Well-Being: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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