Consensus
The scientific research enterprise is built on a foundation of trust. Scientists trust that the results reported by others are valid. Society trusts that the results of research reflect an honest attempt by scientists to describe the world accurately and without bias. But this trust will endure only if the scientific community devotes itself to exemplifying and transmitting the values associated with ethical scientific conduct.
On Being a Scientist was designed to supplement the informal lessons in ethics provided by research supervisors and mentors. The book describes the ethical foundations of scientific practices and some of the personal and professional issues that researchers encounter in their work. It applies to all forms of research—whether in academic, industrial, or governmental settings-and to all scientific disciplines.
This third edition of On Being a Scientist reflects developments since the publication of the original edition in 1989 and a second edition in 1995. A continuing feature of this edition is the inclusion of a number of hypothetical scenarios offering guidance in thinking about and discussing these scenarios.
On Being a Scientist is aimed primarily at graduate students and beginning researchers, but its lessons apply to all scientists at all stages of their scientific careers.
82 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-11970-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-11971-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/12192
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2009. On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Rising Above the Gathering Storm Two Years Later: Accelerating Progress Toward a Brighter Economic Future summarizes a convocation held in April 2008 to commemorate the release of the original Gathering Storm report. The convocation featured participation by Members of Congress, Cabinet Secretaries, leaders from industry and academia, and other experts. The discussions reviewed progress made thus far in implementing the Gathering Storm recommendations to strengthen K-12 education in math and science, research, higher education, and the environment for innovation. Participants also noted that much additional work is needed to ensure that America remains a leader in science and engineering in the long term.
24 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-12872-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/12537
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2009. Rising Above the Gathering Storm Two Years Later: Accelerating Progress Toward a Brighter Economic Future: Summary of a Convocation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
The new Obama administration and the 110th Congress elected in November 2008 will face immediate challenges. Events will not permit a leisurely leadership transition. The prompt appointment of a Presidential science adviser and the nomination of top officials in the new administration with the knowledge and experience to address complex problems will be essential. The concerns of the nation regarding jobs and economic growth, health care, national security, energy, and the environment demand informed action. Each of these concerns-from national security, economic development, health care, and the environment, to education, energy, and natural resources-is touched in essential ways by the nation's science and technology enterprise.
This is the fourth in a series of books from the National Academies on the presidential appointment process, each delivered during a presidential election year with the goal of providing recommendations to the President-elect about appointing his senior science and technology leadership and pursuing sustained improvements in the appointments process.
74 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-12680-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-12681-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/12481
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2008. Science and Technology for America's Progress: Ensuring the Best Presidential Appointments in the New Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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152 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-11684-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-11685-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/12150
National Research Council. 2008. Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Beyond Bias and Barriers explains that eliminating gender bias in academia requires immediate overarching reform, including decisive action by university administrators, professional societies, federal funding agencies and foundations, government agencies, and Congress. If implemented and coordinated across public, private, and government sectors, the recommended actions will help to improve workplace environments for all employees while strengthening the foundations of America's competitiveness.
346 pages
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6 x 9
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hardcover
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-65454-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/11741
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2007. Beyond Bias and Barriers: Fulfilling the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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590 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-18758-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-65442-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/11463
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2007. Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
In recent years, the instrumentation needs of the nation's research communities have changed and expanded. The need for particular instruments has become broader, crossing scientific and engineering disciplines. The growth of interdisciplinary research that focuses on problems defined outside the boundaries of individual disciplines demands more instrumentation. Instruments that were once of interest only to specialists are now required by a wide array of scientists to solve critical research problems. The need for entirely new types of instruments—such as distributed networks, cybertools, and sensor arrays—is increasing. Researchers are increasingly dependent on advanced instruments that require highly specialized knowledge and training for their proper operation and use. The National Academies Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy Committee on Advanced Research Instrumentation was asked to describe the current programs and policies of the major federal research agencies for advanced research instrumentation, the current status of advanced mid-sized research instrumentation on university campuses, and the challenges faced by each. The committee was then asked to evaluate the utility of existing federal programs and to determine the need for and, if applicable, the potential components of an interagency program for advanced research instrumentation.
204 pages
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7 x 10
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-55196-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/11520
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2006. Advanced Research Instrumentation and Facilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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244 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-10041-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-65451-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/11766
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2006. Biological, Social, and Organizational Components of Success for Women in Academic Science and Engineering: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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196 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-09613-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-54940-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/11289
National Research Council. 2005. Policy Implications of International Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Scholars in the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Symposium_in_brief
This report is the proceedings of a 2003 symposium on "Electronic Scientific, Technical, and Medical Journal Publishing and Its Implications," which brought together experts in STM publishing, both producers and users of these publications, to: (1) identify the recent technical changes in publishing, and other factors, that influence the decisions of journal publishers to produce journals electronically; (2) identify the needs of the scientific, engineering, and medical community as users of journals, whether electronic or printed; (3) discuss the responses of not-for-profit and commercial STM publishers and of other stakeholders in the STM community to the opportunities and challenges posed by the shift to electronic publishing; and (4) examine the spectrum of proposals that has been put forth to respond to the needs of users as the publishing industry shifts to electronic information production and dissemination.
136 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-09217-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-53230-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/10983
National Research Council. 2004. Electronic Scientific, Technical, and Medical Journal Publishing and Its Implications: Proceedings of a Symposium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Advances in science and engineering increasingly require the collaboration of scholars from various fields. This shift is driven by the need to address complex problems that cut across traditional disciplines, and the capacity of new technologies to both transform existing disciplines and generate new ones. At the same time, however, interdisciplinary research can be impeded by policies on hiring, promotion, tenure, proposal review, and resource allocation that favor traditional disciplines.
This report identifies steps that researchers, teachers, students, institutions, funding organizations, and disciplinary societies can take to more effectively conduct, facilitate, and evaluate interdisciplinary research programs and projects. Throughout the report key concepts are illustrated with case studies and results of the committee's surveys of individual researchers and university provosts.
332 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-09435-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-54727-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/11153
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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226 pages
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7 x 10
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-09297-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/11152
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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236 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-09084-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-53982-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/10895
National Research Council. 2004. Setting Priorities for Large Research Facility Projects Supported by the National Science Foundation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Symposium_in_brief
The Symposium on Electronic Scientific, Technical, and Medical (STM) Journals and Its Implications addressed five key areas. The first two areas addressed—costs of publication and publication business models and revenue—focused on the STM publishing enterprise as it exists today and, in particular, how it has evolved since the advent of electronic publishing. The following section reviewed copyright and licensing issues of concern to the authors and to universities. The final two sessions looked toward the future, specifically, at what publishing may be in the future and what constitutes a publication in the digital environment.
122 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-09161-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/10969
National Research Council. 2004. Electronic Scientific, Technical, and Medical Journal Publishing and Its Implications: Report of a Symposium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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50 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-08538-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-50341-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/10504
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Observations on the President's Fiscal Year 2003 Federal Science and Technology Budget. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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294 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-07637-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-51088-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/10285
National Research Council. 2002. Scientific and Medical Aspects of Human Reproductive Cloning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Fourth in a series of annual reports, this study provides observations on the Administration's FY 2002 budget proposal for federal science and technology (FS&T) programs. The report comments first on approaches to tabulating federal spending on FS&T and endorses the Administration's method for developing an FS&T budget cross-tabulation for inclusion in its budget proposal. The report then provides observations on the FY 2002 FS&T budget proposal, identifying changes in FS&T investments by federal agencies from the prior year; and assessing the longer-term impacts of these FS&T proposals in various fields.
30 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-07592-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-51073-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/10163
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2001. Observations on the President's Fiscal Year 2002 Federal Science and Technology Budget. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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208 pages
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7 x 10
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-07557-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-51196-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/10106
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2001. Implementing the Government Performance and Results Act for Research: A Status Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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