Consensus
Racial and ethnic inequities in health and health care impact individual well-being, contribute to millions of premature deaths, and cost the United States hundreds of billions of dollars annually. Addressing these inequities is vital to improving the health of the nation's most disadvantaged communities—and will also help to achieve optimal health for all. In 2003, the Institute of Medicine examined these inequities in Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care.
Because disparities persist, the National Academies convened an expert committee with support from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the National Institutes of Health. The committee's report reviews the major drivers of health care disparities, provides insight into successful and unsuccessful interventions, identifies gaps in the evidence base, and makes recommendations to advance health equity.
374 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72155-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72156-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27820
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Ending Unequal Treatment: Strategies to Achieve Equitable Health Care and Optimal Health for All. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
A National Academies committee held a public hybrid workshop in March 2024 on the state of women's health research for select conditions and to hear perspectives from the public. Topics included the science of sex differences and research needs in women's cancers, reproductive and gynecologic health, and mental and behavioral health.
14 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72536-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27932
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Overview of Research Gaps for Selected Conditions in Women's Health Research at the National Institutes of Health: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Vaccines are a public health success story, as they have prevented or lessened the effects of many infectious diseases. To address concerns around potential vaccine injuries, the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) administers the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) and the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program (CICP), which provide compensation to those who assert that they were injured by routine vaccines or medical countermeasures, respectively. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine have contributed to the scientific basis for VICP compensation decisions for decades.
HRSA asked the National Academies to convene an expert committee to review the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence about the relationship between COVID-19 vaccines and specific adverse events, as well as intramuscular administration of vaccines and shoulder injuries. This report outlines the committee findings and conclusions.
212 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71832-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71833-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27746
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evidence Review of the Adverse Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination and Intramuscular Vaccine Administration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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In June 2023, the National Academies Roundtable on Population Health Improvement and the Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity hosted a public workshop in Oakland, California. Speakers discussed the science and practice of measuring health equity and health disparities nationally and in communities, in health care, and in other sectors and settings.
14 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72467-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27914
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Exploring the Ecosystem of Health Equity Measures: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Despite advances over the past several decades, the clinical trials enterprise has struggled to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse U.S. population. To help address this issue, a 2023 National Academies workshop sought to identify the expertise and disciplines needed to achieve the aspirations for a transformed clinical trials enterprise by 2030 and enable a workforce that can better support the evolving needs of drug R&D - one that is resilient, culturally aware, anti-racist, and interdisciplinary. The workshop, hosted by the Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation and Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine explored strategies to bolster workforce capacity and challenges and opportunities associated with supporting the next-generation drug R&D workforce.
140 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71856-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71857-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27755
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Preparing the Future Workforce in Drug Research and Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
A National Academies committee, tasked with developing recommendations regarding the structure of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and on the systems and processes needed to ensure optimal funding of women's health research, held a public workshop in January 2024. Speakers provided a background on the state of women's health, an overview of NIH processes, programs, and structures related to women's health, and stakeholder perspectives on research gaps at NIH from members of the public.
12 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72085-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27802
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Discussion of Policies, Systems, and Structures for Research on Women's Health at the National Institutes of Health: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
A National Academies committee was tasked with identifying essential health care services for women related to intimate partner violence (IPV) during steady state conditions, determining whether the essential health care services related to IPV differ during public health emergencies (PHEs), and identifying strategies to sustain access to those essential health care services during PHEs. This report, Essential Health Care Services Addressing Intimate Partner Violence, presents findings from research and deliberations and lays out recommendations for leaders of health care systems, federal agencies, health care providers, emergency planners, and those involved in IPV research.
318 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71389-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71390-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27425
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Essential Health Care Services Addressing Intimate Partner Violence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The National Academies Roundtable on Population Health Improvement hosted a public workshop in December 2022 aimed at exploring the role of businesses in building healthy communities through their relationships with their workers, investments, and health-sector partnerships. Speakers also considered population health effects of the business role in society and of employee voice and ownership.
9 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71964-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27789
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. The Role of Business in Improving Health and Health Equity: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The National Academies Roundtable on Population Health Improvement and the Forum on Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders held a public workshop in December 2023 to explore various dimensions of community safety and violence prevention in the U.S. Speakers highlighted attributes of physical spaces and social structures that create and reinforce safer communities. Discussions also covered identity-based violence, threats to interpersonal safety, frameworks for reimagining safety, and related policy and program solutions.
14 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71812-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27741
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Community Safety as a Social Determinant of Health: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Between 2020-2023, many health systems and organizations created formal positions to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and health equity in response to social and health injustices and public demands for diversity and equity among executive level leadership. The National Academies Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity hosted an October 2023 public hybrid workshop to explore the successes and challenges of DEI and health equity C-suites, dimensions of DEI and health equity commitments, strategies for achieving internal and external goals, and potential metrics for measuring success.
70 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71504-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71505-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27458
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Exploring Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Health Equity Commitments and Approaches by Health Organization C-Suites: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Given the public health emergency posed by drug overdoses, there have been calls for a comprehensive approach to drug policy that would include focusing on reducing harm for people who use drugs. To explore data collection efforts, evidence gaps, and research needs for harm reduction, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a virtual workshop on January 30-31, 2024, sponsored by the Office of National Drug Control Policy, Executive Office of the President. The workshop focused on harm reduction strategies and services that aim to prevent overdose and infectious disease transmission; enhance the health, safety, and well-being of people who use drugs; and offer low-threshold options for accessing substance use disorder treatment. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop.
15 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71730-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27650
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Harm Reduction Services for People Who Use Drugs: Exploring Data Collection, Evidence Gaps, and Research: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Social media has been fully integrated into the lives of most adolescents in the U.S., raising concerns among parents, physicians, public health officials, and others about its effect on mental and physical health. Over the past year, an ad hoc committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine examined the research and produced this detailed report exploring that effect and laying out recommendations for policymakers, regulators, industry, and others in an effort to maximize the good and minimize the bad. Focus areas include platform design, transparency and accountability, digital media literacy among young people and adults, online harassment, and supporting researchers.
274 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71316-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71317-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27396
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Social Media and Adolescent Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
A National Academies committee hosted a public workshop series in 2023. Speakers invited by the committee discussed the current state of racial and ethnic health care disparities in the U.S., highlighted major drivers of health care disparities, provided insight into successful and unsuccessful interventions, identified gaps in the evidence base and proposed strategies to close those gaps, and considered ways to scale and spread effective interventions to reduce racial and ethnic inequities in health care. This workshop series is part of an ongoing consensus study examining the current state of racial and ethnic health care disparities in the U.S., building on the 2003 Institute of Medicine consensus report, Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. The consensus study will publish its full conclusions and recommendations in summer 2024.
80 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71474-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71475-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27448
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Unequal Treatment Revisited: The Current State of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Young people often engage and lead efforts to improve the social, economic, and environmental factors that influence the health and equity of communities and the nation. The National Academies Roundtable on Population Health Improvement hosted a hybrid public workshop in September 2023 at The California Endowment Center for Healthy Communities in Oakland, California to discuss the power of youth leadership in creating conditions for health and equity and the civic infrastructure and resources that support youth participation and leadership in change efforts.
118 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71225-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71226-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27332
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Exploring the Power of Youth Leadership in Creating Conditions for Health and Equity: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The Roundtable on Population Health Improvement was established in February 2013 to bring together philanthropy, community-based organizations, health care delivery, governmental public health, academia, and business in a wide-ranging dialogue about what is needed to improve health in the United States and across diverse populations. In 2023, the roundtable hosted workshops, webinars, and other activities that continued its exploration of the social drivers of health of past and persisting racially unjust systems and structures that shape those drivers.
19 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71616-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27514
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Roundtable on Population Health Improvement: Annual Report 2023. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
The National Academies Roundtable on Population Health Improvement hosted a workshop in February 2022, A Population Health Workforce to Meet 21st Century Challenges and Opportunities. The event, building upon the proceedings from their March 2019 workshop, Dialogue about the Workforce for Population Health Improvement, was further informed by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of climate change, and recent attention to and expenditure on the public health workforce. Workshop discussions explored the scope of work and work settings for public health and population health workers; the state of the workforce including attrition and gaps in specific roles and disciplines; and challenges to training, recruiting, and retaining workers. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes the presentations and discussions held during the workshop.
104 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-70899-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70900-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27232
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. A Population Health Workforce to Meet 21st Century Challenges and Opportunities: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
The National Academies Roundtable on Population Health Improvement hosted a virtual public workshop in June 2022 to explore the current state of population health funding and the challenges and opportunities encountered by organizations engaged in the work of assembling and deploying funding for population health improvement efforts. The workshop revisits topics explored in a 2014 workshop Financing Population Health Improvement. Speakers discussed changes to systems and sources of population health financing, and also challenges and exemplary practices that integrate community voice and are accountable to communities.
90 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71073-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71074-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27258
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Population Health Funding and Accountability to Community: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
The National Academies Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity hosted a virtual public workshop in July 2023 to discuss the premise, history, and development of race-based clinical algorithms and their contributions to health inequities. Examining ways to promote race-conscious medicine, participants explored the underlying assumptions of racial differences in physiology, and parameters for identifying instances when race and ethnicity as social constructs are legitimate considerations for improving health equity, such as when promoting outreach, screening, and community education and engagement.
56 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71179-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71180-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27301
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Examining the History, Consequences, and Effects of Race-Based Clinical Algorithms on Health Equity: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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