Workshop_in_brief
Pilot programs are employing whole genome sequencing and whole exome sequencing during the newborn phase both within the United States and internationally. While sequencing offers the opportunity to screen for treatable but not clinically evident conditions early in a childs life, it raises a host of ethical, legal, and social questions for experts, including parents, to consider. The National Academies Roundtable on Genomics and Precision Health hosted experts from health care, industry, academia, the federal and state governments, and patient and consumer advocacy groups for a June 2023 workshop. Participants explored the potential benefits and harms, data security, and health equity considerations for the widespread utilization of newborn genome sequencing in the U.S. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
13 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71033-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27243
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. The Promise and Perils of Next-Generation DNA Sequencing at Birth: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Where people live can affect their health because of location-specific exposure to chemicals and toxicants, lifestyle, diet, immune function development, and social and historical determinants of health. A better understanding of the connections between environmental exposures and genetics that are associated with cancer can help inform efforts to identify risks and prevent potentially harmful outcomes. Recent scientific advancements have brought new insights into genomic and epigenomic biomarkers of cancer, which encompasses the toxicogenomic effects of environmental hazards, genetic susceptibility to environmental exposures, and the role of genetic and epigenetic changes in the development of cancer. Public communication around the potential risks of environmental hazards has also been evolving. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine National Cancer Policy Forum convened a virtual public workshop in collaboration with the Roundtable on Genomics and Precision Health on April 13, 2023 to explore the state of the science in identifying potential genomic and epigenomic biomarkers of environmental exposures associated with cancers, with an emphasis on pediatric cancers. This proceedings document summarizes workshop discussions.
66 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-70808-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70809-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27201
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. The Potential Contribution of Cancer Genomics Information to Community Investigations of Unusual Patterns of Cancer: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Disparities in access to care caused by structural and social determinants can impact the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CNS disorders. This workshop, held on April 18, 2023, discussed common disparities that exist across a variety of service environments and considered the role of patients lived experiences, case studies, and models of research approaches that can enable better inclusion of underrepresented and excluded populations.
14 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70767-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27187
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Health Disparities in Central Nervous System Disorders: Access to Care: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Structural and psychosocial mechanisms are all contributors to health disparities that can impact the risk and outcomes of CNS disorders and biological aging. This virtual workshop, held on April 13, 2023, explored the mechanisms and impact of environmental factors and community engagement on CNS disorders and discussed evidence-based resources and interventions that can reduce health and safety risks and increase equity.
14 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70766-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27186
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Health Disparities in Central Nervous System Disorders: Structural and Social Risks: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
To reduce health disparities in CNS disorders, innovative approaches and solutions are needed to address structural constraints. This workshop, held on April 25, 2023, explored the role of different leaders in academia, industry, and government to increase the diversity of the neuroscience workforce, advance community partnerships, and facilitate multidisciplinary collaborations to drive transformative and sustainable change in CNS disorders research and clinical care.
14 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70775-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27191
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Health Disparities in Central Nervous System Disorders: Driving Transformative Change: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
The National Strategy for a Resilient Public Health Supply Chain lays out the U.S. government vision to protect the health and security of Americans by ensuring a supply chain for personal protective equipment (PPE) and technology (PPT), medical devices, medicines, and other public health supplies that is resilient against disruptions from pandemics and other biological threats. Additional forethought and collaboration amongst policy makers, manufacturers, and users is needed to make PPE and PPT innovation, standardization, stockpiling, and use more resilient.
The National Academies convened a public workshop in March 2023 to explore innovative approaches and technologies needed to update and streamline the U.S. standardization system for PPE and PPT in support of supply chain resiliency. Discussions included ways to improve the effectiveness, safety, supply stability, and accessibility of PPE and PPT designed for use in health care settings, by critical infrastructure workers, and by the general public. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes the discussions held during the workshop.
166 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-70450-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70451-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27094
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Personal Protective Equipment and Personal Protective Technology Product Standardization for a Resilient Public Health Supply Chain: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
An infodemic is the rapid spread of large amounts of sometimes conflicting or inaccurate information that can impede the ability of individuals, communities, and authorities to protect health and effectively respond in a crisis. The National Academies Board on Health Sciences Policy hosted a two-day, public workshop in April 2023 to explore the history of public health infodemics, the impact of infodemics on trust in the public health enterprise, and tools and practices used to address infodemics. Attendees learned action-oriented strategies and tactics for inspiring public trust and about the roles, responsibilities, and partnerships among relevant organizations and agencies in managing infodemics during a public health emergency. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the discussions held during the workshop.
15 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70770-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27188
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Navigating Infodemics and Building Trust During Public Health Emergencies: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
The use and misuse of antibiotics contributes to the rise in drug-resistant bacteria - a serious and worsening threat to human health. The development and use of rapid point-of-care diagnostics in the healthcare setting plays an important role in avoiding unnecessary use of antimicrobials by providing clinicians with the right information at the right time to help them make decisions about appropriate drug treatment for patients. Diagnostics also have the capacity to support early detection and diagnosis of drug-resistant bacterial infections, enable disease surveillance, and help prevent disease spread.
The National Academies Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation; Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Disasters and Emergencies; and Forum on Microbial Threats hosted an October 2022 workshop exploring the current landscape of rapid diagnostics to address antibiotic resistance, challenges and opportunities for spurring innovation, and practical next steps for accelerating the development of new diagnostic tools.
150 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-70240-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70241-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27008
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Accelerating the Development and Uptake of Rapid Diagnostics to Address Antibiotic Resistance: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Pregnant and lactating persons are frequently excluded from clinical research, and often have to make treatment decisions without an adequate understanding of the benefits and risks to themselves and their developing or newborn baby. The National Academies Committee on Developing a Framework to Address Legal, Ethical, Regulatory, and Policy Issues for Research Specific to Pregnant and Lactating Persons held a workshop in March 2023 as part of a consensus study to discuss how institutions and organizations make risk-benefit decisions regarding the inclusion and exclusion of pregnant and lactating persons in clinical research, and the role of real and perceived liability considerations, health equity, risk management, and trial insurance in those decisions. The workshop reviewed existing approaches to manage and mitigate risks relevant to the inclusion of pregnant and lactating persons in clinical research. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the discussions held during the workshop.
11 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70624-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27142
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Research with Pregnant and Lactating Persons: Mitigating Risk and Liability: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Governments, philanthropic organizations, and private industry fund human health and medical research. Various funding sources might bias research so that the results are more favorable to their agents. Funders may influence investigative scope, specific questions posed, experimental design, and principal investigator appointments. Reporting, analysis, dissemination, and communication and data availability, reanalysis, and replication can also experience bias from a funding source. To explore structures, processes, and principles to ensure high-quality health research independent of sponsor influence, the National Academies Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice and the Board on Health Sciences Policy hosted a public virtual workshop in December 2022 that examined the sources of funding for health research and evidence on whether they influence the quality and outcomes of resulting health research. The workshop also discussed models, process, and principles used to protect the independence and quality of research. This Proceedings summarizes the discussions held during the workshop.
118 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-70352-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70353-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27056
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Sponsor Influences on the Quality and Independence of Health Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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COVID-19 has proven among the worst public health crises in a generation. Public health emergencies (PHE) have always been anticipated. Despite the growing field of PHE preparedness and planning since the turn of the twenty-first century and the preparedness plans and exercises developed, the U.S. experienced a suboptimal national response to the emergence of COVID-19 in early 2020 compared to other countries.
To explore the U.S. PHE preparedness enterprise, the National Academies Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Disasters and Emergencies convened a workshop in May 2022. They invited participants from government, NGO, and private sector organizations to consider key components, success stories, and failure points in order to identify opportunities for more effective catastrophic disaster, pandemic, and other large scale PHEs planning at the federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial levels. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes the discussions held during the workshop.
138 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-69682-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-69683-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26805
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Future Planning for the Public Health Emergency Preparedness Enterprise: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The National Academies Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Disasters and Emergencies and Forum on Microbial Threats cohosted a two-day public workshop in March 2023 to explore U.S. laboratory and testing responses to past, present, and potential health emergencies (e.g., COVID-19, monkey pox, chemical, radiological or nuclear threats). Speakers addressed the future of laboratory capabilities, capacities, and coordination for national health emergencies response across public and private entities. The workshop culminated with a discussion envisioning the ideal structure, characteristics, components, capabilities, and functions of what could be considered a coordinated national laboratory system, a coordinated system of public and private laboratories, manufacturers, pharmacies, and other entities, that is prepared to respond to future public health threats and emergencies. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the discussions held during the workshop.
14 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70636-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27147
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Future of the Nation's Laboratory Systems for Health Emergency Response: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Sunscreens and a variety of other products contain chemical ultraviolet (UV) filters that absorb or block the sun's radiation and thereby help mitigate harms to human skin from the sun. The 2022 NASEM report Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health called on the EPA to conduct an ecological risk assessment of UV filters to characterize the possible risks to aquatic ecosystems and the species that live in them. However, the 2022 report also identified a number of knowledge gaps and research barriers that may limit understanding of those ecological risks.
To share progress and identify opportunities to further address gaps and barriers, NASEM hosted a workshop in Washington, D.C., on January 23-24, 2023, entitled Workshop to Advance Research on Understanding Environmental Effects of UV Filters in Sunscreens. Through a series of prepared talks, panel discussions, and structured breakout discussions, participants examined the 2022 report and its management context; explored data needs and analytical challenges relevant to the development of accurate toxicity metrics for UV filters; and suggested opportunities to improve and standardize toxicity testing for these chemicals. These proceedings has been prepared by the workshop rapporteur as a factual summary of what occurred at the workshop.
52 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-69585-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-69586-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26775
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Advancing Research on Understanding Environmental Effects of UV Filters from Sunscreens: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Chronic sleep disorders affect one in five Americans, and sleep deprivation costs significant U.S. GDP loss annually. Despite the indisputable biological importance of sleep, much remains unknown about underlying mechanisms.
The National Academies Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders convened a public workshop in November 2022. Experts and leaders from academia, industry, government, philanthropic foundations, and disease-focused non-profit organizations gathered to review current sleep science, examine the relationships between central nervous system disorders and sleep, identify potential cross-disciplinary collaborations, and discuss opportunities to better understand and mitigate sleep disturbances commonly associated with CNS disorders. This proceedings document summarizes workshop discussions.
86 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-70186-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70187-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26938
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Exploring Sleep Disturbance in Central Nervous System Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Genetic and genomic information has become far more accessible, and research using human genetic data has grown exponentially over the past decade. Genetics and genomics research is now being conducted by a wide range of investigators across disciplines, who often use population descriptors inconsistently and/or inappropriately to capture the complex patterns of continuous human genetic variation.
In response to a request from the National Institutes of Health, the National Academies assembled an interdisciplinary committee of expert volunteers to conduct a study to review and assess existing methodologies, benefits, and challenges in using race, ethnicity, ancestry, and other population descriptors in genomics research. The resulting report focuses on understanding the current use of population descriptors in genomics research, examining best practices for researchers, and identifying processes for adopting best practices within the biomedical and scientific communities.
240 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-70065-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70066-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26902
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Using Population Descriptors in Genetics and Genomics Research: A New Framework for an Evolving Field. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Nonhuman primates represent a small fraction of animals used in biomedical research, but they remain important research models due to their similarities to humans with respect to genetic makeup, anatomy, physiology, and behavior. Limitations in the availability of nonhuman primates have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and recent restrictions on their exportation and transportation, impacting National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded research necessary for both public health and national security. Additionally, there is continued interest in understanding whether and how nonanimal models can be used to answer scientific questions for which nonhuman primates are currently used.
At the direction of the U.S. Congress, NIH asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene an expert committee to conduct a landscape analysis of current and future use of nonhuman primates in NIH-supported biomedical research, as well as opportunities for new approach methodologies to complement or reduce reliance on nonhuman primate models. This report provides the committee findings and conclusions.
268 pages
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7 x 10
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-69936-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-69937-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26857
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Nonhuman Primate Models in Biomedical Research: State of the Science and Future Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The National Academies Roundtable on Genomics and Precision Health, in collaboration with the National Cancer Policy Forum, hosted a public workshop that examined how genomic data are used in health care, outside of the traditional settings for clinical genetics. The workshop identified opportunities for advancement of precision health care delivery. The event also explored how patients, clinicians, and payers assess and act upon the risks and benefits of genomic screening and diagnostic testing. Discussions focused on strategies to ensure that genomic applications are responsibly and equitably adopted to benefit populations as well as individuals over time. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes content from the event.
114 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-70115-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70116-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26917
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Realizing the Potential of Genomics across the Continuum of Precision Health Care: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Studies show that people commonly have psychotic symptoms for over a year before receiving treatment. Reducing this duration is critical, because early treatment is strongly associated with better outcomes. The National Academies Forum on Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders hosted a workshop in July 2022 to examine the current evidence on short- and long-term outcomes for people at high risk for psychosis. Speakers explored potential policy solutions and strategies that are most effective for coordinated, early-intervention specialty services. This Proceedings document summarizes workshop discussions.
104 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-69760-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-69761-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26832
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Early Interventions for Psychosis: First Episodes and High-Risk Populations: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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