For years, transportation systems, including aviation, have operated within a framework that has resulted in systemic inequality and even overt racism. To address this, airports have begun implementing new organizational dynamics and approaches.
TRB's Transportation Insights 1: Systemic Inequality in the Airport Industry: Exploring the Racial Divide provides a summary of an in-person TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Insight Event. The event identified common manifestations of systemic inequality in an airport setting and the unique challenges airports face as they strive to be more diverse, equitable, and inclusive. Examples of practices undertaken by airports and similar industries are also included. The report will be helpful in fostering communication and collaboration on the topic and help identify areas of future interest and research.
63 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-69832-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70019-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26883
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Systemic Inequality in the Airport Industry: Exploring the Racial Divide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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An aviation system is composed of airports that are publicly owned and open for public use within a defined geographic area—a region, a state, or multiple nearby states. For example, a metropolitan region may have an airport serving commercial airlines and several general aviation (GA) relievers or other GA airports that cater to nonairline traffic.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 244: Advancing the Practice of State Aviation System Planning is intended to serve as a companion to the existing Federal Aviation Administration guidance on system planning offered through Advisory Circular (AC) 150/5070-7, Change 1, The Airport System Planning Process.
210 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68759-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72071-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26843
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Advancing the Practice of State Aviation System Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Developments in unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) technology and the seemingly endless applications of this technology offer society a broad spectrum of enhancements and solutions to many problems.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 238: Airfield Design for Large Unmanned Aircraft Systems—A Guide provides a fundamental understanding of large UAS (L-UAS) and their typical supporting infrastructure needs, which will assist airport sponsors with determining potential enhancements to support L-UAS operations at their facilities.
126 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68741-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72068-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26839
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Airfield Design for Large Unmanned Aircraft Systems—A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program held an ACRP Insight Event in March 2022 in Washington, DC, to discuss the future of aviation across multiple perspectives. Major topics included passengers and customers, workforce, new entrants, technology, and sustainability.
The TRB ACRP's Conference Proceedings on the Web 29: The Future of Aviation is a compilation of the presentations and a factual summary of the ensuing discussions at the event.
50 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-69709-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26813
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. The Future of Aviation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Airports across the United States are owned and operated by a wide variety of governance structures, each with their own features and historical legacies. As the common refrain from airport professionals goes, if you've seen one airport, you've seen one airport. Similarly, if you've seen one airport's governance structure, you've seen one airport's governance structure.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 245: Guide to Evaluating Airport Governance Structures provides valuable tools to help communities evaluate the effectiveness of their current governance structure and consider alternative governance structures at airports.
Supplemental to the report is a web app to search and query an online database of the key governance attributes of more than 98% of the airports in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS).
98 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68748-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72047-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26808
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Guide to Evaluating Airport Governance Structures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Airfield markings are critical visual cues and are vital for runways and taxiways. During airfield construction projects, it is often required to remove or obliterate the existing pavement markings and apply temporary markings. These methods can leave scarring that is visible on the airfield for years. Such traces of former markings can be mistaken for active airfield markings by pilots and ground personnel.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 247: Airfield Pavement Markings: Effective Techniques for Removal and Temporary Applications provides airport operators with methods and procedures for removing old airfield markings as well as applying temporary markings.
Supplemental to the report is the Contractor's Final Report on the project.
30 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68755-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71349-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26797
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Airfield Pavement Markings: Effective Techniques for Removal and Temporary Applications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Despite dedicated efforts involving changes in technologies and procedures, the number of annual runway incursions in the United States has shown little to no improvement.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 246: Airside Operations Safety: Understanding the Effects of Human Factors provides a review of the current state of human factors research and the related resources that are available to U.S. airport operations personnel.
Supplemental to the report are an Executive Summary (to be released soon) and a White Paper.
96 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68749-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72056-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26779
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Airside Operations Safety: Understanding the Effects of Human Factors. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The technology procurement process includes sourcing and acquiring software, hardware, and services. Systems and nuances of technology procurement vary within each airport, and navigating such variances at a pace that meets the airports' needs and technology evolution can be challenging.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 120: Airport Software Solutions and Services Sourcing identifies the efficient and innovative technology sourcing and procurement practices developed by airports.
150 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68730-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71420-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26735
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Airport Software Solutions and Services Sourcing. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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An important operational characteristic of an airport is the length of its longest runway. The longest runway determines the types of aircraft that can use the airport and dictates the operational limitations at the airport.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Web-Only Document 54: Development of a Small Aircraft Runway Length Analysis Tool provides a user-friendly computer tool to help airport planners and designers estimate runway length requirements for a variety of aircraft and design conditions.
Supplemental to the report are the SARLAT (for Windows and Mac) and the SARLAT User Guide.
108 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-69428-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26730
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Development of a Small Aircraft Runway Length Analysis Tool. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Airport economic impact studies may accurately measure the activity that occurs on airport properties or is tied directly to airport operations (such as off-site parking and hotels that accommodate airline crew who overnight in a location), but they do not capture how air service supports business and employment throughout the region.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Web-Only Document 53: Measuring and Understanding the Relationship Between Air Service and Regional Economic Development provides airports and major regional stakeholders concerned with economic development with the information and tools necessary to understand and communicate the nexus between air service and regional employment.
The Web-Only Document is supplemental to ACRP WebResource 12: Air Service Development and Regional Economic Activity. Supplemental to the Web-Only Document is a Case Study Compilation with the full versions of the 14 case studies performed as part of the project.
149 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-69255-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26682
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Measuring and Understanding the Relationship Between Air Service and Regional Economic Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Global reports of bee declines have fueled efforts to reduce threats to pollinators and raise public awareness of bees as pollinators of our food crops and native plants. Some airports have implemented pollinator-friendly practices and programs that restore habitat for bees and bring public awareness and appreciation to these fascinating insects.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 119: Considerations for Establishing and Maintaining Successful Pollinator Programs on Airports summarizes experiences and best management practices of pollinator-friendly programs at airports, particularly beekeeping programs and pollinator habitat management programs.
114 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68717-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-69252-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26680
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Considerations for Establishing and Maintaining Successful Pollinator Programs on Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Parking is important for airports. More than 70 percent of airline passengers and visitors at most airports use private vehicles to access the airport, and public parking is an important contributor to an airport's finances and revenues, frequently representing the largest source of non-aeronautical revenues at most airports.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 118: Airport Parking Pricing Strategies provides information airport staff and others require to select and to implement a rate-making strategy that serves the airport's needs.
48 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68716-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71422-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26671
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Airport Parking Pricing Strategies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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As technology continues to evolve, airports are seeking opportunities to create a touchless experience along the passenger journey. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the need to eliminate many common touchpoints, which are potential points of disease transmission.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 241: Toward a Touchless Airport Journey presents solutions from emerging and existing technologies to nontechnological solutions. For each solution, the current level of readiness, barriers to expect in implementation, and specific tips on getting started are detailed. Also explored are technology gaps and the need for medium- and long-term solutions with further development opportunities that could minimize touchpoints.
Supplemental to the report is Attachment A: Solutions Worksheet.
64 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68715-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72036-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26665
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Touchless Airport Journey. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Periodically, airports want to redesign their workforce and organizational structure. They are seeking to be responsive to their current and emerging business needs, which can change over time.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 240: Primer for Airport Organizational Redesign provides guidelines for airport leaders on strategies and steps as they navigate the process of reorganizing their structure.
60 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68709-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72031-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26642
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Primer for Airport Organizational Redesign. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The increasing need to use airport land for non-aeronautical revenue and decrease operating expenses may generate consideration of on-airport farming operations and agricultural leasing.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 117: Agricultural Operations on Airport Grounds compiles literature and practices at airports to initiate and manage agricultural operations on airport grounds.
94 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68781-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26543
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Agricultural Operations on Airport Grounds. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Airports use Noise and Operations Monitoring Systems (NOMSs) to collect, manage, analyze, and communicate data such as flight tracks and procedures, aircraft identification, noise measurements, noise abatement program performance, and weather. NOMSs are also used to respond to community noise complaints and provide stakeholders with information about aircraft activity and noise, thus fostering trust and transparency.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 237: Primer and Framework for Considering an Airport Noise and Operations Monitoring System is a comprehensive resource to help airport industry practitioners assess the potential benefits and costs of acquiring, maintaining, and updating a NOMS or flight tracking tools without permanent noise monitors.
Supplemental to the report are Appendices A though K.
50 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-09465-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72017-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26527
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Primer and Framework for Considering an Airport Noise and Operations Monitoring System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Airports make facilities available for non-commercial purposes, such as for community use by community or nonprofit groups.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 116: Examples of Facility Space Provided for Community Use at Airports provides the first body of literature to focus on the use of facilities that airports may provide in order to support local economic and social sustainability.
68 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-09466-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-31581-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26520
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Examples of Facility Space Provided for Community Use at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Design innovation for electrically powered and hybrid-electric aircraft is accelerating rapidly. While there are many potential benefits of electric aircraft and hydrogen technologies, not all air service can be replaced by electrically powered aircraft in the near term.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 236: Preparing Your Airport for Electric Aircraft and Hydrogen Technologies offers an introduction to the emerging electric aircraft industry, gives estimates of potential market growth, and provides guidance to help airports estimate the potential impacts of electric aircraft on their facilities and to be prepared to accommodate them.
A series of appendices provides details on the assumptions and methods used in the research as well as helpful references for airport planning.
Accompanying this report is a toolkit (including instructions for how to use the toolkit) that includes a database of more than 100 electric aircraft and may be used by airports to estimate future electric power requirements at their airport based on local characteristics, such as climate, aviation activity levels, and existing electrical demand.
174 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-09458-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72015-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26512
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Preparing Your Airport for Electric Aircraft and Hydrogen Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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