Workshop
To help prioritize among possible investments to improve the resilience of built infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico region, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a diverse group of experts for a 3-day interactive workshop on November 15, 16, and 18, 2021. This workshop was held as communities surrounding the Gulf continue to experience frequent, destructive disasters, some infrastructure in the region continues to degrade or fail from exceeded capacity and delayed maintenance and replacement, and climate change threatens previously unimagined impacts. The workshop, titled Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico, demonstrated and refined a process to help inform recommendations for prioritizing infrastructure investments across sectors and anchored in the Gulf region energy industry. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
104 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68847-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68848-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26559
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
The United States has long made substantial investments in clinical research with the goal of improving the health and well-being of our nation. There is no doubt that these investments have contributed significantly to treating and preventing disease and extending human life. Nevertheless, clinical research faces a critical shortcoming. Currently, large swaths of the U.S. population, and those that often face the greatest health challenges, are less able to benefit from these discoveries because they are not adequately represented in clinical research studies. While progress has been made with representation of white women in clinical trials and clinical research, there has been little progress in the last three decades to increase participation of racial and ethnic minority population groups. This underrepresentation is compounding health disparities, with serious consequences for underrepresented groups and for the nation.
At the request of Congress, Improving Representation in Clinical Trials and Research: Building Research Equity for Women and Underrepresented Groups identifies policies, procedures, programs, or projects aimed at increasing the inclusion of these groups in clinical research and the specific strategies used by those conducting clinical trials and clinical and translational research to improve diversity and inclusion. This report models the potential economic benefits of full inclusion of men, women, and racial and ethnic groups in clinical research and highlights new programs and interventions in medical centers and other clinical settings designed to increase participation.
280 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-27820-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-27846-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26479
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Improving Representation in Clinical Trials and Research: Building Research Equity for Women and Underrepresented Groups. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
The number of Black students in science, engineering, and medicine in the United States has remained disproportionately low over the past several decades. A number of reasons have been identified as contributing to these low numbers, including those related to finances. Financial considerations range from the most immediate - the ability of students to pay for their education and associated costs - to more structural concerns, such as inequities that created and have perpetuated a wealth gap between races and ethnic groups.
On April 19-20, 2021, the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a virtual public workshop to examine financial barriers for Black students in science, engineering, and medicine, explore existing educational programs to them, and engage stakeholders in conversations about partnerships and policies that span academia, industry, and philanthropy. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
110 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68889-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68890-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26576
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Understanding and Offsetting Financial Barriers for Black Students in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Programs, Partnerships, and Pathways: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The workshop Building Regional Capacity Among South and Southeast Asian Countries to Address Emerging Infections and Global Health and Security was designed to encourage scientists to examine global issues related to emerging infections and health safety, share experiences and approaches, and identify opportunities for regional cooperation to improve practices and research. More than 50 participants from 12 countries attended the workshop, held in Victoria, Seychelles, from May 8-11, 2016. Participants addressed both human and animal health, because zoonotic infections, such as avian flu and anthrax, have demonstrated that the boundaries between animal and human health are never fixed and increasingly cross. Plant health, which is relevant to human and animal health, was also addressed. This publication highlights the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
12 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68915-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26584
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Building Regional Capacity Among South and Southeast Asian Countries to Address Emerging Infections and Global Health and Security: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The COVID-19 pandemic escalated supply chain vulnerabilities that affect almost every sector of the economy. Identifying key vulnerabilities and developing responses to them will require the mobilization of diverse actors across the U.S. research enterprise. In October and November 2021, the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable (GUIRR) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a number of virtual workshops for its membership and invited guests to discuss opportunities for enhancing U.S. approaches to addressing manufacturing and supply chain resilience, security, and sustainability challenges through partnerships and cross-sector collaboration. In convening experts and leaders from across sectors and disciplines, GUIRR provided a forum for dialogue on policy priorities for consideration by leaders across the research enterprise. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop series.
12 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68942-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26593
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Addressing Supply Chain and Manufacturing Challenges and Opportunities: Proceedings of a Workshop Series—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The 2018 National Academies report Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine recommends the creation of institutional policies that can improve an institution's climate, culture, and reporting options while supporting those who have experienced sexual harassment.
This perspective paper addresses the 2018 report recommendations by exploring how a procedural justice framework could help guide improvements and revisions to policies, processes, and practices within higher education institutions with the potential to mitigate the negative experiences and outcomes of those affected by sexual harassment. Based on previous research, this paper applies a principles-based perspective to highlight ideals, rules, and standards that institutions can implement to achieve this goal.
32 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99493-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26563
Umphress, E., and Thomas, J. M. (Eds.). 2022. Applying Procedural Justice to Sexual Harassment Policies, Processes, and Practice: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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A systemic problem across institutions of higher education known as "passing the harasser" enables faculty members found responsible for sexual harassment to transition to another institution without notifying their new employer or facing disciplinary action from their previous employer. This problem is often facilitated by institutional confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements that prevent institutions from sharing information on faculty perpetrators of sexual harassment.
This issue paper from the Response Working Group of the Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education summarizes the development and implementation of a policy by the University of California, Davis to prevent the problem of "passing the harasser." The paper describes the policy and the processes that were used to develop and implement it, with the aim of enabling other organizations to adapt and apply it to their own environment.
11 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99553-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26565
Harton, M., and Benya, F. (Eds.). 2022. Innovative Practice: University of California, Davis: Stop "Passing the Harasser" Policy: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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A systemic problem across institutions of higher education known as "passing the harasser" enables faculty members found responsible for sexual harassment to transition to another institution without notifying their new employer or facing disciplinary action from their previous employer. This problem is often facilitated by institutional confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements that prevent institutions from sharing information on faculty perpetrators of sexual harassment.
This issue paper from the Response Working Group of the Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education summarizes policies developed by the University of Wisconsin System to address this problem. The UW System's policy is innovative because it provides a systematic, coordinated framework for documenting, sharing, and responding to findings of sexual misconduct within the hiring and reference check processes for full-time faculty and staff across multiple UW System institutions and state agencies. The paper describes the policy and the processes that were used to develop and implement it, with the aim of enabling other organizations to adapt and apply it to their own environment.
13 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99584-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26564
Harton, M., and Benya, F. (Eds.). 2022. Innovative Practice: University of Wisconsin System: Stop "Passing the Harasser" Policy: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The annual report of the Committee on Human Rights (CHR) provides an overview of the CHR's activities in 2021, including information on its advocacy, events, and awareness-raising projects.
26 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68893-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26577
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Committee on Human Rights: Year in Review 2021. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The National Science Foundation (NSF) has played a key role over the past several decades in advancing understanding of Earth's systems by funding research on atmospheric, ocean, hydrologic, geologic, polar, ecosystem, social, and engineering-related processes. Today, however, those systems are being driven like never before by human technologies and activities. Our understanding has struggled to keep pace with the rapidity and magnitude of human-driven changes, their impacts on human and ecosystem sustainability and resilience, and the effectiveness of different pathways to address those challenges.
Given the urgency of understanding human-driven changes, NSF will need to sustain and expand its efforts to achieve greater impact. The time is ripe to create a next-generation Earth systems science initiative that emphasizes research on complex interconnections and feedbacks between natural and social processes. This will require NSF to place an increased emphasis on research inspired by real-world problems while maintaining their strong legacy of curiosity driven research across many disciplines – as well as enhance the participation of social, engineering, and data scientists, and strengthen efforts to include diverse perspectives in research.
136 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-22446-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-22532-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26042
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Next Generation Earth Systems Science at the National Science Foundation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
On December 7 and 8, 2020, the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop that examined how to strengthen mentoring and advising of Black students and professionals in science, engineering, and medicine. Presenters included faculty deans, social scientists who are experts in organizational and professional development, and program implementers. Throughout the workshop, individual presenters highlighted evaluation criteria used by successful pipeline programs, including statistics on recruitment, retention, and advancement; career and leadership accomplishments; and awards and publications. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop.
114 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-27713-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-27714-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26462
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Mentoring of Black Graduate and Medical Students, Postdoctoral Scholars, and Early-Career Faculty in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted in 2015 by all United Nations Member States, offers a "shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future." The Agenda outlines 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which address a range of global challenges, including poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation, among others. Advances in technology and the proliferation of data are providing new opportunities for monitoring and tracking the progress of the SDGs. Yet, with these advances come significant challenges, such as a lack infrastructure, knowledge, and capacity to support big data.
To further examine how the global scientific, engineering, and medical communities can better facilitate the effective use of data to advance sustainability in the context of the SDGs, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Board on Research Data and Information and the Science and Technology for Sustainability Program convened a virtual public workshop on September 9-10, 2021. The workshop examined current efforts and initiatives to harness data and data-driven services to advance sustainability around the world. Workshop discussions also explored crosscutting issues, including strengthening the engagement of scientific, engineering, and medical communities on data-related issues, addressing disparities in the ability of societies to utilize data, and lessons learned from global experience with the COVID-19 pandemic. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
13 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-29556-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26513
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Data-Informed Societies Achieving Sustainability: Tasks for the Global Scientific, Engineering, and Medical Communities: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Demand for tech professionals is expected to increase substantially over the next decade, and increasing the number of women of color in tech will be critical to building and maintaining a competitive workforce. Despite years of efforts to increase the diversity of the tech workforce, women of color have remained underrepresented, and the numbers of some groups of women of color have even declined. Even in cases where some groups of women of color may have higher levels of representation, data show that they still face significant systemic challenges in advancing to positions of leadership. Research evidence suggests that structural and social barriers in tech education, the tech workforce, and in venture capital investment disproportionately and negatively affect women of color.
Transforming Trajectories for Women of Color in Tech uses current research as well as information obtained through four public information-gathering workshops to provide recommendations to a broad set of stakeholders within the tech ecosystem for increasing recruitment, retention, and advancement of women of color. This report identifies gaps in existing research that obscure the nature of challenges faced by women of color in tech, addresses systemic issues that negatively affect outcomes for women of color in tech, and provides guidance for transforming existing systems and implementing evidence-based policies and practices to increase the success of women of color in tech.
254 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-26897-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-26902-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26345
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Transforming Trajectories for Women of Color in Tech. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The National Institutes of Health (NIH) asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a quadrennial review of its Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs, in accordance with a legislative mandate. Using quantitative and qualitative analyses of data, this report reviews the operations and outcomes stemming from NIH's SBIR/STTR awards.
Drawing on published research and conducting new analyses based on both publicly available data and applicant data provided by NIH, Assessment of the SBIR and STTR Programs at the National Institutes of Health analyzes (1) the effectiveness of NIH's processes and procedures for selecting SBIR and STTR awardees; (2) the effectiveness of NIH's outreach to increase SBIR and STTR applications from small businesses that are new to the programs, from underrepresented states, and from woman-owned and minority-owned businesses; (3) collaborations between small businesses and research institutions resulting from the programs; and (4) a range of direct economic and health care impacts attributable to the programs.
270 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-27175-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-27176-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26376
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Assessment of the SBIR and STTR Programs at the National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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In November 2020, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a multi-day virtual symposium on imaging the future of undergraduate STEM education. Speakers and participants pondered the future and the past and shared their goals, priorities, and dreams for improving undergraduate STEM education. Expert speakers presented information about today's students and approaches to undergraduate STEM education, as well as the history of transformation in higher education. Thoughtful discussions explored ideas for the future, how student-centered learning experiences could be created, and what issues to consider to facilitate a successful transformation. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the symposium.
132 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-09376-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09377-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26314
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Imagining the Future of Undergraduate STEM Education: Proceedings of a Virtual Symposium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The COVID-19 pandemic upended nearly every aspect of academia, leading colleges and universities to reexamine how they instruct their students and how they reward their faculty. But the pandemic was not the only disruptive event that took place in 2020. Colleges and universities have been forced to address issues related to productivity, teaching,student learning, mentoring, service, and innovative research in the context of remote or hybrid work - all amplified by the increased attention to and discussion of systemic racism, widespread economic hardships, and extreme environmental events. To help leaders of higher education understand how one particular issue - the current faculty reward, advancement, and hiring system - has changed and continues to change in response to several of the events of 2020, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine commissioned a set of papers. These papers formed the basis for a series of four virtual workshops held on September 20, 23, 27, and 30, 2021. They examined how the events of 2020 have affected existing hiring and advancement policies and practices of institutions of higher education, the differential effects on the promotion and advancement of faculty from different populations, new policies and programs to support faculty, and new approaches that support more equitable faculty advancement. This publication is a short summary of the three workshops on the Next Normal for Leadership and Culture; Recruitment,Retention, and Support; and Advancement of Tenure and Non-Tenure-Track Faculty, as well as the fourth workshop with closing discussions. The presentations were intended to point toward the pandemic and beyond, as well as contextualize how these issues have played out in the last two years.
12 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-27405-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26405
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Promotion, Tenure, and Advancement through the Lens of 2020: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Academic preparation is critical to increase Black representation in Science, Engineering, and Medicine, but so, too, are such interrelated factors as providing mentoring and role models in sufficient numbers, adequately funding school and community support services, and analyzing the intentional and unintentional consequences of a range of policies and practices. To address these issues, the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop on September 2 and 3, 2020. Titled "Educational Pathways for Blacks in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Exploring Barriers and Possible Interventions," the workshop provided a platform to explore challenges and opportunities, beginning in the earliest years of life through K-12 schooling, undergraduate and postgraduate education, and into the workforce. Presenters throughout the workshop provided perspectives from research and from their own experiences to discuss the need for systemic solutions inside and outside of formal education institutions. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
120 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-27344-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-27345-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26391
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Educational Pathways for Black Students in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Exploring Barriers and Possible Interventions: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
As the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated, the global supply chain is vulnerable to major disruptions from unanticipated events, yet no threat to the functioning of essential supply chains looms larger than the growing number of extreme weather events resulting from climate change. Indeed, the characteristics of today's supply chains - their dependence on shipping and air transport, specialized inputs sourced from specific locations spread worldwide, and reduced inventories tied to just-in-time production - make them especially vulnerable to disruption from climate risks. With the goal of protecting global trade worth almost $20 trillion annually against such disruptions, supply chain executives and researchers who study global supply chains are now starting to focus on ways of increasing supply chain resilience in a world buffeted by climate change. To explore ongoing efforts to create climate-resilient supply chains, the Science and Technology for Sustainability program at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, held a two-day virtual workshop on September 27-28, 2021.
11 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-27712-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26461
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Climate-Resilient Supply Chains: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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