In the airport industry, potential applications for blockchain include security and identification, flight data management, safety and maintenance, baggage and cargo tracking, regulatory compliance, and more. Promising blockchain applications specific to COVID-19 include passenger health verification and contact tracing, facilitating a contactless passenger experience, and tracking the movement of healthcare supplies and pharmaceuticals (including vaccines) from origin to final destination.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's Conference Proceedings on the Web 28: Introduction to Blockchain and Airport Operations in a COVID-19 Environment brings together conference proceedings of representatives from the airport sector and the blockchain industry along with other experts engaged in airport operations, information technology, and blockchain.
This ACRP Insight Event took place virtually on August 4-5, 2020. More information is available at http://www.trb.org/ACRP/ACRP-Insight-Events.aspx.
66 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-21720-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26036
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Introduction to Blockchain and Airport Operations in a COVID-19 Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Commercial ground transportation at U.S. airports includes public transit, door-to-door shuttle van service, charter buses, limousines, rental cars, taxicabs, hotel courtesy shuttles, wheel chair services, and courier operators. Technological developments, such as transportation network companies, car-sharing operations, and driverless cars, have added more options and challenges for airport ground transportation operations.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Legal Research Digest 39: Updated Survey of Laws and Regulations Applicable to Airport Commercial Ground Transportation builds on ACRP LRD 3: Survey of Laws and Regulations of Airport Commercial Ground Transportation from 2008 and synthesizes available guidance, including regulations, statutes, policies, and case decisions (administrative or court) pertaining to commercial ground transportation.
108 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-67358-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68585-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26003
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Updated Survey of Laws and Regulations Applicable to Airport Commercial Ground Transportation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Recent advancements in automated and advanced driving technologies have demonstrated improvements in safety, ease and accessibility, and efficiency in road transportation. There has also been a reduction in costs in these technologies that can now be adapted into the airport environment.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 219: Advanced Ground Vehicle Technologies for Airside Operations identifies potential advanced ground vehicle technologies (AGVT) for application on the airside.
Appendices B Through S are online only. Appendix A, on enabling technologies, is included within the report.
168 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-67351-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-13137-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26017
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Advanced Ground Vehicle Technologies for Airside Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Understanding the permissible use of airport revenue is one of the most common legal issues faced by airport management. While there are some clear lines, there are several categories (such as utility fees) of potential expenditures of airport revenue that are not as clearly defined.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Legal Research Digest 40: Permissible Uses of Airport Property and Revenue updates the background of economic and legal information presented in ACRP Legal Research Digest 2: Theory and Law of Airport Revenue Diversion. It focuses on the application of federal law and policy to specific categories of expenditures and uses and includes discussion of statutory law, policy, case law, and informal and formal guidance from the Federal Aviation Administration.
60 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-67359-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-10877-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26011
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Permissible Uses of Airport Property and Revenue. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Every airport that aspires to high ratings must offer an engaging arts program because these are offered by all of the world's most highly rated airports. It is also now generally accepted that airport arts programs yield many additional benefits for airports, passengers, and the communities in which airports are located. Airport arts programs have become an amenity that airport passengers now expect, and they serve to tether an airport to its local community.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 114: Visual Arts Programs at Airports is an initial compilation of practices that airport arts professionals use for understanding the operations, management, and benefits of temporary visual arts programs at their airports.
Supplemental materials to the report include arts program case examples, arts program passenger surveys, and questions used for arts program manager interviews.
50 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-67354-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68583-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26002
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Visual Arts Programs at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Providing connectivity to the local community or region served by a general aviation airport is essential for providing a complete service to airport users and capturing economic benefit whether large or small.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 111: Last Mile in General Aviation—Courtesy Vehicles and Other Forms of Ground Transportation compiles options, practices, and tools for airports to use to develop a sustainable last-mile strategy to connect users of general aviation airports to the communities that they serve.
122 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-67347-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68519-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25986
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Last Mile in General Aviation—Courtesy Vehicles and Other Forms of Ground Transportation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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In the process of reducing sustainable alternative jet fuels (SAJF), emissions of other pollutants may also be reduced, which could be significantly beneficial to airports.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Web-Only Document 35: State of the Industry Report on Air Quality Emissions from Sustainable Alternative Jet Fuels captures the current status of knowledge to reduce carbon dioxide emissions using SAJF.
These reductions are not yet well defined, leaving airports unable to realize what may be substantial benefits. The research team analyzed the published technical literature to validate that SAJF use reduces air pollutant emissions and does not cause any air pollutant emissions to increase.
44 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-47525-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25095
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. State of the Industry Report on Air Quality Emissions from Sustainable Alternative Jet Fuels. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Across the country, state transportation agencies of various modes have been required to incorporate performance measures (PMs) into their core business functions.
With this trend developing nationwide, the TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 223: Performance Measures for State Aviation Agencies develops PMs for the National Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO) membership and their respective state aviation agencies.
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-67346-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68468-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25975
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Performance Measures for State Aviation Agencies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The collection and sharing of data are essential in an airport's risk management process. The data can allow the airport to benchmark against the industry, monitor performance, and proactively understand trends.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 222: Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data identifies data sources, best practices, and the challenges associated with collecting and sharing information with other stakeholders. It provides a potential roadmap to a future safety and operations national database.
90 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-48182-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68448-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25969
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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This report summarizes an event focused on the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic response and its impact on the operational and economic recovery of airports.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program'sConference Proceedings on the Web 27: Flight Plan to Recovery: Preparing Airports for the Return of the Traveling Public includes presentations from airport industry leaders who discussed current and ongoing practices to get passenger confidence back to aid in airport recovery during an ACRP Insight Event over Zoom on May 28, 2020.
Specific topics presented the aviation industry with challenges that are mutually shared by all partners, including safety, public confidence, and financial sustainability. Other topics included gaps in the industry and public response to date and how the industry may address them, as well as operational mitigation strategies to enable recovery in the post-lockdown environment.
84 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68393-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25954
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Flight Plan to Recovery: Preparing Airports for the Return of the Traveling Public. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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With the airport industry's introduction and early adoption of safety management systems (SMS), safety processes are taking on a more proactive way of doing the business while continuously improving safety. This shift in approach will drive safety research in the near and long-term future.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Web-Only Document 50: Research Roadmap on Safety Issues reveals evidence of this shift, with input from the industry clearly indicating that more detailed guidance on, and the sharing of lessons learned regarding the elements and processes falling under the SMS umbrella, is needed.
Two supplemental files accompany this web-only document, including a Safety Research Topics Database and a Visual Research Roadmap.
45 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68406-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25957
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Research Roadmap on Safety Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Managers of airports of all sizes face a perennial dilemma: how to efficiently train operations personnel to meet Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 139 requirements and ensure a safe and secure airport environment.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 112: Airport Operations Training at Small Airports focuses on airport operations employees and aims to better understand current training methods and programs in use by small airports in the United States (including nonhub, nonprimary commercial service, reliever, and general aviation) to initially and recurrently train airport operations employees.
Supplemental material to the report includes several appendices, including Appendix H, Appendix I, Appendix J, Appendix K, and Appendix L.
150 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-67342-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68369-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25948
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Airport Operations Training at Small Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Airports have implemented a variety of renewable energy technologies since 1999—with the largest growth occurring over the past decade—in parallel with the evolution and maturation of renewable energy markets. Of the renewable energy options available to airports today, the prevailing technology is solar photovoltaic (PV), which accounts for 72% of all projects cataloged in the Renewable Energy Projects Inventory.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 110: Airport Renewable Energy Projects Inventory and Case Examples draws on existing literature and data to present the state of practice for airport renewable energy. It presents the integration of renewable energy projects—including solar PV, geothermal, bioenergy, solar thermal, and small wind projects—into airport development and operations and the drivers behind those efforts.
The Renewable Energy Projects Inventory in the report is also available online as a searchable database.
120 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-67341-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68342-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25942
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Airport Renewable Energy Projects Inventory and Case Examples. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) can be implemented for several reasons, including security, hazards, space operations, special events, and VIP travel. VIP TFRs, specifically presidential TFRs, have much greater impact than other types of TFRs because they encompass a larger geography, are longer in duration, and may have little advance notice.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 224: Understanding Impacts to Airports From Temporary Flight Restrictions identifies financial and other ramifications of TFRs on airports and aviation-related businesses.
Also included as part of the report is an electronic tool that will estimate the financial ramifications of a TFR for a specific airport or related business. Further, a video was created that shows how to use the spreadsheet, with instructional voiceovers explaining its features.
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-67340-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68305-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25934
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Understanding Impacts to Airports From Temporary Flight Restrictions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Airport employees face a variety of stressors in their daily work lives, and there are numerous and varied approaches that airports are currently taking to focus on employee well-being.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 113: Airport Workforce Programs Supporting Employee Well-Being details the most commonly used well-being program offerings at airports.
Benefits of these programs to airports include reduced health care costs, improved productivity, decreased absenteeism, improved employee recruitment and retention, and camaraderie and teamwork among employees. By participating in well-being programs, employees can also experience personal benefits, such as improved physical health, increased job satisfaction, and other emotional benefits.
72 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-48181-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68233-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25919
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Airport Workforce Programs Supporting Employee Well-Being. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Escalator falls are a significant concern for risk management staff at airports and in mass transit systems. The major differences between the airport and transit environments are the amount of baggage carried onto the escalator and the level of unfamiliarity of people with the escalator environment in airports.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 109: Escalator Falls identifies and describes methods to mitigate risks associated with escalator usage.
Risk management professionals from both the airport and transit environments have expressed interest in developing common reporting schemes and more robust data analysis to identify common causes of escalator falls.
86 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-48173-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68170-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25899
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Escalator Falls. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Many airports are already taking active steps to address and unlock the benefits of a diverse and inclusive workforce. These programs provide benefits to the airport and surrounding communities, but there has not been a comprehensive benefit-cost analysis for diversity contracting programs and their impact on the workforce.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 217: Guidance for Diversity in Airport Business Contracting and Workforce Programs provides guidelines to assist airport operators and various stakeholders at airports of all types and sizes to identify and quantify the benefits, costs, and regional economic impact of diversity contracting for airport businesses.
As recipients of federal funds, airports are required to administer a federal program that seeks to provide equal access for participation in airport-related business opportunities. Likewise, many airports are also obligated to do so under state and local programs.
The report includes additional materials: an Airport Diversity Contracting Tool and a Tool Users Guide.
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-48171-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68161-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25896
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Guidance for Diversity in Airport Business Contracting and Workforce Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Each airport and its law enforcement model have a unique set of relationships, operations, and resources.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 107: Models for Law Enforcement at Airports provides a concise body of knowledge to assist airport management, operators, researchers, and users by detailing the varying types of law enforcement models available to them.
The types of airport law enforcement models include airport police, city police, county sheriffs, departments of public safety, and state police. Many airports operate by using layers of law enforcement responses composed of more than one law enforcement model.
84 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-48170-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68156-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25893
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Models for Law Enforcement at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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