Consensus
As the federal moratorium on rental eviction is set to expire on July 31st, 2021, actionable guidance is urgently needed on how to ensure that renters can stay in their homes and housing aid reaches the communities that need it most. This report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine recommends that the Executive Office of the President of the United States should consider establishing a task force to prevent rental evictions and mitigate housing instability caused by the pandemic. Rental Eviction and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Averting a Looming Crisis recommends actions to be taken both urgently and over the next three years aimed at addressing the immediate crisis as well as long-standing needs related to housing choice, affordability, and security across the United States. These include: building on existing social programs that support those struggling with poverty and housing instability; efficiently channeling emergency relief to renters and landlords; increasing the availability of housing choice vouchers; reforming unemployment insurance; and reducing discriminatory practices and systemic inequities.
106 pages
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7 x 10
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-43835-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26106
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Rental Eviction and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Averting a Looming Crisis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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During the past 25 years, the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, in collaboration with the Russian Academy of Sciences, have carried out a wide variety of activities to improve understanding of the challenges in containing and reducing ethnic conflicts, violent extremism, and terrorism. Roots and Trajectories of Violent Extremism and Terrorism provides an overview of this cross-ocean program, which has involved American and Russian scientists, engineers, and medical professionals from a large number of government agencies, leading research institutions, think tanks, educational institutions, analytical centers, and consulting and commercial firms in the two countries. This report highlights challenges addressed by the academies over many years that remain of current interest as the U.S., Russian, and other governments continue to cope with old and new forms of aggression that threaten the livelihood of populations at home and abroad.
162 pages
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6 x 9
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hardcover
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-08776-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26281
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Roots and Trajectories of Violent Extremism and Terrorism: A Cooperative Program of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences (1995-2020). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
While there has been growth in the number of women entrepreneurs in the United States in recent years, the percentage of women - particularly women of color - who decide to pursue an entrepreneurial career continues to be significantly lower than that of men. Entrepreneurship is a crucial enterprise responsible for driving innovation and economic growth, and increasing the representation of women, especially in STEM and medical (STEMM) industries, is critical to ensuring the nation's overall health, economic well-being, and global competitiveness.
On June 21-22, 2021, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and held a virtual workshop to explore the current structural barriers (i.e., policies, practices, or other norms that systematically perpetuate gender disparities) driving the underrepresentation of women entrepreneurs across STEMM industries and strategies to overcome these barriers. Participants included representatives from a variety of sectors, including higher education, government, nonprofits, and industry, as well as researchers, evaluators, inventors, mentors, consultants, and policy analysts, among others. This publication highlights the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
12 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-27576-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26433
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Overcoming Structural Barriers for Women in Entrepreneurship: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
As global mean temperatures rise and extreme climate and weather events increase in frequency and intensity, the severity of the climate situation and its potential impacts on human well-being - particularly of the world's most vulnerable populations - is strikingly evident. Research and policy responses to address climate change are required to meet U.S. targets set for the coming decades, which include a reduction of 50 to 52 percent of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and net-zero emissions by 2050. In coordination with other activities on climate, energy, and environmental and human health across the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable convened a series of five workshops in June and July of 2021 to discuss opportunities for enhancing U.S. scientific and technological approaches to climate research and policy through cross-sector collaboration and partnerships, and to examine the impacts of climate policy on economic development, inequality, and international competitiveness. This document summarizes the presentations and discussions at the five workshops.
13 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-27608-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26438
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Partnerships and Cross-Sector Collaboration Priorities to Support Climate Research and Policy: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop on August 3-5, 2021 to explore effective, feasible, and secure ways to document and provide health information for safe international travel in a way that is ethical and does not exacerbate inequities. Experts considered the use of COVID-19 travel credentials, denoting the traveler's vaccination, testing, and/or recovery status. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief provides a high-level summary of the discussion on possibilities for employing COVID-19 travel credentials, including how to overcome practical and ethical challenges and their potential role in preventing the spread of disease.
12 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-27424-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26409
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. The Utility, Feasibility, Security, and Ethics of Verifiable COVID-19 Credentials for International Travel: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Nuclear forensics is the analysis of nuclear materials, devices, emissions, and signals to determine the origin and history of those nuclear materials and devices. At the request of the Secretary of Energy, and in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security, Restoring and Improving Nuclear Forensics to Support Attribution and Deterrence evaluates the U.S. government's nuclear forensics capabilities. A 2010 National Academies report, Nuclear Forensics: A Capability at Risk, characterized the precarious state of the national technical nuclear forensics (NTNF) program at that time: NTNF relied almost entirely on staff dedicated to and residual funding from other related programs. This summary report addresses the current state of U.S. NTNF capabilities relative to the National Academies evaluation in 2010 and recommends ways to improve the NTNF program through improvements in policy, operations, and research and development efforts.
54 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-49023-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26167
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Restoring and Improving Nuclear Forensics to Support Attribution and Deterrence: Public Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Individual reports of sexual harassment to an organization through formal reporting channels, such as notifications to the Title IX Office, are not reliable indicators of the prevalence of the problem. In fact, it is rare for those who experience sexual harassment to file a report with their institution - studies show that approximately 2 to 7 percent of individuals do so. Measuring the prevalence of sexual harassment on a campus can be achieved by collecting population-based data in the form of a large-scale survey. The ability for such a survey to do so accurately, however, depends on many factors, such as whether the questions it contains have been tested to determine whether participants understand and interpret them as intended.
This issue paper from Evaluation Working Group of the Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education provides information specifically on conducting climate assessments to measure sexual harassment prevalence. This publication describes key considerations for each step in the campus climate assessment process and identifies where there are gaps in the research knowledge.
24 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-27039-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26346
Merhill, N. M., K. A. Bonner, and A. L. Baker (Eds.). 2021. Guidance for Measuring Sexual Harassment Prevalence Using Campus Climate Surveys: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The Action Collaborative's Year 2 Annual Report summarizes the Action Collaborative's collective progress in the 2020-2021 year, identifies areas for future focus, discusses trends in organizations' reported areas of work, and highlights work shared by member organizations and partner network organizations. A complete collection of "descriptions of work" authored by member and partner network organizations is available in the repository.
14 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-26821-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26339
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Year Two Annual Report of Activities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
America is endowed with places that embody a rich geoheritage, from sites where indigenous people subsisted for millennia, to mines that furnished the raw materials that built U.S. industry, to mountain ranges and river gorges with unparalleled recreational opportunities, to field sites where students can truly understand a geological process, to places of aesthetic or spiritual value, and many more across all states and territories. In order to assess the status of geoheritage and the activities of its practitioners in the United States in light of social, political, and environmental changes over the past ten years, the National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine convened a series of virtual webinars and a workshop. From September to December 2020, a Distinguished Speakers Webinar Program composed of eight webinars provided an overview of geoheritage initiatives, as well as focused presentations on geoheritage related to federal and state lands, cultural heritage, education, research, and economic development and geotourism. In January 2021, 101 land managers, state geologists, educators, researchers, and members and staff of professional societies and nongovernmental organizations participated in a virtual writing workshop to aggregate and organize community input on strategies and best practices in developing geoheritage sites across the United States. The participants were divided into focus groups that roughly aligned with the topics explored in the fall 2020 workshops. The groups worked synchronously and asynchronously over the course of a week, then presented their ideas in a plenary session. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the webinars and workshop.
55 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09383-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26316
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. America's Geoheritage II: Identifying, Developing, and Preserving America's Natural Legacy: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Rising awareness of and increased attention to sexual harassment has resulted in momentum to implement sexual harassment prevention efforts in higher education institutions. Work on preventing sexual harassment is an area that has recently garnered a lot of attention, especially around education and programs that go beyond the standard anti-sexual harassment trainings often used to comply with legal requirements.
On April 20-21, 2021, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted the workshop Developing Evaluation Metrics for Sexual Harassment Prevention Efforts. The workshop explored approaches and strategies for evaluating and measuring the effectiveness of sexual harassment interventions being implemented at higher education institutions and research and training sites, in order to assist institutions in transforming promising ideas into evidence-based best practices. Workshop participants also addressed methods, metrics, and measures that could be used to evaluate sexual harassment prevention efforts that lead to change in the organizational climate and culture and/or a change in behavior among community members. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
134 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-08769-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-08770-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26279
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Interventions to Prevent and Address Sexual Harassment: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Interim
As one of the largest federal science and technology (S&T) funding agencies and employers, the Department of Defense (DoD) plays a critical role in the U.S. S&T ecosystem. While DoD draws on the expertise of both U.S. and international researchers to achieve its mission, national security requirements limit many other critical areas of the DoD S&T enterprise to U.S. citizens. This national security imperative calls for DoD to cultivate and support the diverse pool of U.S. talent who can meet DoD needs.
Previous studies by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine have documented how Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and other Minority Institutions (MIs) can help to access this expanded population of scientists and engineers. This publication presents interim findings related to the methods and means necessary to advance research capacity at these institutions to address the national security and defense needs of the United States. While critical data-gathering efforts are still in progress, these interim findings can be used to begin to inform decision making processes related to three key areas: current Department of Defense investments, opportunities and challenges at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and other Minority Institutions, and potential best practices for stakeholders.
59 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09381-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26315
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Defense Research at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Other Minority Institutions: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
The effective use of data science - the science and technology of extracting value from data - improves, enhances, and strengthens acquisition decision-making and outcomes. Using data science to support decision making is not new to the defense acquisition community; its use by the acquisition workforce has enabled acquisition and thus defense successes for decades. Still, more consistent and expanded application of data science will continue improving acquisition outcomes, and doing so requires coordinated efforts across the defense acquisition system and its related communities and stakeholders. Central to that effort is the development, growth, and sustainment of data science capabilities across the acquisition workforce.
At the request of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, Empowering the Defense Acquisition Workforce to Improve Mission Outcomes Using Data Science assesses how data science can improve acquisition processes and develops a framework for training and educating the defense acquisition workforce to better exploit the application of data science. This report identifies opportunities where data science can improve acquisition processes, the relevant data science skills and capabilities necessary for the acquisition workforce, and relevant models of data science training and education.
154 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68493-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68494-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25979
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Empowering the Defense Acquisition Workforce to Improve Mission Outcomes Using Data Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Local communities are already experiencing dire effects caused by climate change that are expected to increase in frequency, intensity, duration, and type. Public concern about climate-related challenges is increasing, available information and resources on climate risks are expanding, and cities across the country and the globe are developing approaches to and experience with measures for mitigating climate impacts. Building and sustaining local capacities for climate resilience requires both resilient physical and social infrastructure systems and inclusive, resilient communities.
At the request of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Motivating Local Climate Adaptation and Strengthening Resilience provides guidance for active and ongoing efforts to move science and data into action and to enable and empower applied research that will strengthen capacities for hazard mitigation and resilience in communities, across the nation, and around the world.
56 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-08594-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26261
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Motivating Local Climate Adaptation and Strengthening Resilience: Making Local Data Trusted, Useful, and Used. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The U.S. innovation environment relies on complex and diverse cross-sector collaborations and multi-stakeholder coalitions, and international relationships are critical to this mix of partnerships. For decades, top students, researchers, and entrepreneurs from around the world have sought to come to the United States, drawn by a system that values innovation, creativity, and an open exchange of knowledge and talent. Prioritizing these values and partnerships has fostered U.S. science and technology leadership for decades. At the same time, countries are investing heavily in their own research and development capabilities, while U.S. federal spending has remained stagnant as a percent of gross domestic product. Economic and national security concerns have impacted some aspects of America's collaborative spirit and openness.
In February and March 2021, the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable (GUIRR) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened its membership to examine the opportunities and challenges of global cooperation and partnerships in the pursuit of U.S. science and technology leadership. Over the two months, GUIRR hosted six virtual workshops on elements of U.S. science and technology policy related to international engagement and competition. Topics included challenges to U.S. science and technology leadership; the intersection of science, foreign policy, and development assistance; public-private partnerships to foster innovation; the value of international research collaboration; U.S. leadership in international standards bodies; and attracting and supporting international students and researchers in the United States. This document summarizes the presentations and discussions at the six workshops.
13 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09108-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26290
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Strengthening U.S. Science and Technology Leadership through Global Cooperation and Partnerships: Proceedings of a Workshop Series—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The annual report of the Committee on Human Rights (CHR) provides an overview of the CHR's activities in 2020, including information on its advocacy, events, and awareness-raising projects.
22 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-08755-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26275
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Committee on Human Rights: Year in Review 2020. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Interim
At the request of Congress, this report presents findings and recommendations related to governance of the U.S. government's monitoring, detection, and verification (MDV) enterprise and offers findings and recommendations related to technical MDV capabilities and research, development, test, and evaluation efforts, focused in particular on the nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear test explosions, and arms control.
192 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-31434-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-31466-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26088
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control Monitoring, Detection, and Verification: A National Security Priority: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_series
The COVID-19 pandemic is transforming the global economy and significantly shifting workforce demand, requiring quick, adaptive responses. The pandemic has revealed the vulnerabilities of many organizations and regional economies, and it has accelerated trends that could lead to significant improvements in productivity, performance, and resilience, which will enable organizations and regions to thrive in the "next normal." To explore how communities around the United States are addressing workforce issues laid bare by the COVID-19 pandemic and how they are taking advantage of local opportunities to expand their science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) workforces to position them for success going forward, the Board of Higher Education and Workforce of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a series of workshops to identify immediate and near-term regional STEMM workforce needs in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The workshop planning committee identified five U.S. cities and their associated metropolitan areas - Birmingham, Alabama; Boston, Massachusetts; Richmond, Virginia; Riverside, California; and Wichita, Kansas - to host workshops highlighting promising practices that communities can use to respond urgently and appropriately to their STEMM workforce needs. A sixth workshop discussed how the lessons learned during the five region-focused workshops could be applied in other communities to meet STEMM workforce needs.
This proceedings of a virtual workshop series summarizes the presentations and discussions from the six public workshops that made up the virtual workshop series and highlights the key points raised during the presentations, moderated panel discussions and deliberations, and open discussions among the workshop participants.
174 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-25628-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-25631-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26049
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Meeting Regional STEMM Workforce Needs in the Wake of COVID-19: Proceedings of a Virtual Workshop Series. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
While the COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating health and economic impacts in the United States, communities of color, especially Black communities, have been disproportionately affected. On June 23, 2020, the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop to discuss the landscape of COVID-19, including how systemic racism contributes to the disproportionate effects related to infection rates and mortality of this virus and other health conditions. Presenters highlighted relevant research and creative responses from many perspectives, including how Black scientists, engineers, and doctors are contributing to solutions and are ready to do more. National Academies leaders and members also discussed the role of the National Academies in addressing the pandemic and underlying issues of systemic racism that have led to health disparities in the United States. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
96 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-47239-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-47240-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26146
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. COVID-19 and the Present and Future of Black Communities: The Role of Black Physicians, Engineers, and Scientists: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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