Workshop_in_brief
The global COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in laboratory closings, class disruptions, and hiring freezes. Combined with challenges experienced by the entire population, these situations have brought to light systemic institutional challenges faced by neuroscience trainees. At the same time, there has been a collective awakening around issues related to race, diversity, and inclusion. To explore these issues in more depth, consider changes needed across the ecosystem, and spark continuing discussion, a virtual workshop held on January 19, 2021. This workshop was the second in a series originating from the Action Collaborative on Neuroscience Training: Developing a Nimble and Versatile Workforce, an initiative of the Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The workshop series aims to illuminate critical issues and catalyze a reconsideration of how neuroscience training could be designed to meet current and future workforce needs across multiple sectors. This publication highlights the presentations of the workshop.
8 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-44783-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26120
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Neuroscience Training in Challenging Times: An Opportunity to Address Long-Standing Problems and Move Forward: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The year 2009 saw continued upheaval in the scientific and business landscape of drug development. With the new administration came a renewed emphasis on science, as expressed by President Obama in a speech he delivered at the National Academy of Sciences, "Science is more essential for our prosperity, our security, our health, our environment, and our quality of life than it has ever been before."
The activities of the National Academies' Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation (the Forum) in 2009 reflected the excitement and dynamism of this environment, focusing on four critical areas:
This was a year to remember for new ground covered. The Forum provided an important lens for its diverse members and the public to collectively reflect, understand, and act on this changing environment.
For more information, please see https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/forum-on-drug-discovery-development-and-translation.
16 pages
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8 x 8
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-44380-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26110
Institute of Medicine. 2010. Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation: Annual Report 2009. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The National Academies' Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation (the Forum) convened a workshop to explore a forward-looking agenda for generating and incorporating real-world evidence into the development of therapeutics. The Forum membership continued its effort to address challenges in the drug discovery and development process by facilitating an action-oriented collaborative that identified rate-limiting steps and facilitated dialogue on how to improve processes within the biomedical innovation ecosystem. The Forum also hosted public workshops on genetic bioresources for drug discovery and seamless cancer-focused drug development.
For more information, please see https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/forum-on-drug-discovery-development-and-translation.
24 pages
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8 x 8
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-44515-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26117
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation: 2016 Annual Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Reducing risk and uncertainty in the drug development enterprise was an underlying theme in the activities of the National Academies' Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation (the Forum) in 2012. In addition to leveraging opportunities to work with federal agencies, the Forum contributed to broad conversations on biomedical research and policy, including examining the benefits and barriers to sharing clinical research data to facilitate scientific and public health advances. The Forum membership focused on ways to address challenges in the U.S. clinical trials enterprise, facilitated a public dialogue on opportunities to accelerate the use of large simple trials, and fostered collaborative action to advance the development of a national certification system for clinical trial sites. Additionally, the Forum examined problems in the global drug supply chain for medicines to treat neglected diseases, such as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
For more information, please see https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/forum-on-drug-discovery-development-and-translation.
20 pages
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8 x 8
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-44499-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26113
Institute of Medicine. 2013. Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation: 2012 Annual Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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In 2014, the National Academies' Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation (the Forum) convened a workshop to advance the development of more structured approaches to characterize and communicate uncertainty in the assessment of benefits and risks of pharmaceutical products. The Forum membership continued its focused effort to address challenges in the U.S. clinical trials enterprise, facilitating an action-oriented, collaborative dialogue to advance development of harmonized standards for clinical trial sites.
For more information, please see https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/forum-on-drug-discovery-development-and-translation.
20 pages
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8 x 8
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-44501-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26115
Institute of Medicine. 2015. Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation: 2014 Annual Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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In 2013, the National Academies' Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation (the Forum) provided a focused venue for stakeholders to take stock of the needs and priorities in the drug discovery and development "ecosystem" and encourage meaningful information sharing and collaboration across sectors and stakeholder groups. Additionally, the Forum convened a workshop with multi-national participants from the regulatory and pharmaceutical development sectors to help foster more harmonized regulatory standards for pharmaceutical product development. The Forum membership continued its focused effort to address challenges in the U.S. clinical trials enterprise, facilitating an action-oriented, collaborative dialogue to advance development of a national accreditation system for clinical trial sites.
For more information, please see https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/forum-on-drug-discovery-development-and-translation.
20 pages
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8 x 8
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-44500-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26114
Institute of Medicine. 2014. Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation: 2013 Annual Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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In 2010, the scientific and business landscape of drug development was fraught with continued uncertainty and risk. New paradigms for discovering and developing drugs were sought to bridge the ever-widening gap between scientific discoveries and translation of those discoveries into life-changing medications. The landscape of the drug development enterprise was increasingly global, with an attending need to address cross-border issues in the regulatory, scientific, ethical, and economic arenas.
The activities of the National Academies' Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation (the Forum) in 2010 reflected this dynamic environment, focusing on five critical areas:
For more information, please see https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/forum-on-drug-discovery-development-and-translation.
16 pages
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8 x 8
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-44406-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26111
Institute of Medicine. 2011. Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation: 2010 Annual Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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In 2011, there was a need for innovation across the biomedical science, policy, and business sectors. The National Academies' Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation (the Forum) contributed to the conversation by hosting public workshops on envisioning a framework for a transformed clinical trials enterprise, and advancing the discipline of regulatory science. The Forum membership dedicated activities to global health concerns and neglected diseases, such as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and undertook efforts to better engage the public in the drug discovery and development enterprise.
For more information, please see https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/forum-on-drug-discovery-development-and-translation.
20 pages
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8 x 8
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-44458-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26112
Institute of Medicine. 2012. Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation: 2011 Annual Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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In 2015, the National Academies' Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation (the Forum) convened a workshop to explore a forward-looking agenda for bolstering the field of innovative regulatory science. The Forum membership continued its focused effort to address challenges in the drug discovery and development process by facilitating an action-oriented collaborative that identified rate-limiting steps in the drug development enterprise and facilitated dialogue for potential process improvement efforts in the biomedical innovation ecosystem.
For more information, please see https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/forum-on-drug-discovery-development-and-translation.
24 pages
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8 x 8
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-44507-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26116
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation: 2015 Annual Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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In 2018, the National Academies' Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation (the Forum) completed a three-part workshop series that explored a forward-looking agenda for generating and incorporating real-world evidence into medical product development and evaluation. The Forum also hosted the workshop, Advancing the Science of Patient Input in Medical Product R&D: Towards a Research Agenda, which examined the barriers and opportunities for converting traditionally anecdotal patient input into rigorous, credible evidence to inform medical product decision making in a way that is meaningful for patients. To explore opportunities for a modern, patient-centric clinical trials enterprise in light of digital health tools, the Forum hosted the workshop, Virtual Clinical Trials: Challenges and Opportunities.
For more information, please see https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/forum-on-drug-discovery-development-and-translation.
28 pages
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8 x 8
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-44245-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26108
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation: 2018 Annual Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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In 2019, the National Academies' Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation (the Forum), in collaboration with the National Academies' National Cancer Policy Forum, hosted a meeting on Updating Labels for Generic Oncology Drugs, which provided a venue to examine the challenges and opportunities for updating labeling for generic oncology drugs. In collaboration with the National Academies' Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders, National Cancer Policy Forum, and Roundtable on Genomics and Precision Health, the Forum hosted two workshops:
28 pages
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8 x 8
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-44260-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26109
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation: 2019 Annual Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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In 2017, the National Academies' Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation (the Forum) launched a three-part workshop series to explore a forward-looking agenda for generating and incorporating real-world evidence into medical product development and evaluation. The Forum also co-hosted the second workshop in a two-part series on the role of genetics in clinical drug development, further underscoring the critical role of precision medicine across the drug research and development lifecycle.
For more information, please see https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/forum-on-drug-discovery-development-and-translation.
28 pages
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8 x 8
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-44056-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26107
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation: 2017 Annual Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Student wellbeing is foundational to academic success. One recent survey of postsecondary educators found that nearly 80 percent believed emotional wellbeing is a "very" or "extremely" important factor in student success. Studies have found the dropout rates for students with a diagnosed mental health problem range from 43 percent to as high as 86 percent. While dealing with stress is a normal part of life, for some students, stress can adversely affect their physical, emotional, and psychological health, particularly given that adolescence and early adulthood are when most mental illnesses are first manifested. In addition to students who may develop mental health challenges during their time in postsecondary education, many students arrive on campus with a mental health problem or having experienced significant trauma in their lives, which can also negatively affect physical, emotional, and psychological wellbeing.
The nation's institutions of higher education are seeing increasing levels of mental illness, substance use and other forms of emotional distress among their students. Some of the problematic trends have been ongoing for decades. Some have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic consequences. Some are the result of long-festering systemic racism in almost every sphere of American life that are becoming more widely acknowledged throughout society and must, at last, be addressed.
Mental Health, Substance Use, and Wellbeing in Higher Education lays out a variety of possible strategies and approaches to meet increasing demand for mental health and substance use services, based on the available evidence on the nature of the issues and what works in various situations. The recommendations of this report will support the delivery of mental health and wellness services by the nation's institutions of higher education.
212 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-12412-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-12571-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26015
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Mental Health, Substance Use, and Wellbeing in Higher Education: Supporting the Whole Student. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
To address approaches to the respirator approval process in the current landscape for both occupational and non-occupational use of respirators, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Standing Committee on Personal Protective Equipment for Workplace Safety and Health convened a virtual workshop, Current Issues in the Assessment of Respiratory Protective Devices: Nontraditional Workers and Public Use on August 4-5, 2020. Additionally, the workshop considered gaps in respiratory protection for outdoor workers and the general public. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
152 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68381-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68382-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25951
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Current Issues in the Assessment of Respiratory Protective Devices for Occupational and Non-Occupational Uses: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Behavioral health conditions, which include mental health and substance use disorders, affect approximately 20 percent of Americans. Of those with a substance use disorder, approximately 60 percent also have a mental health disorder. As many as 80 percent of patients with behavioral health conditions seek treatment in emergency rooms and primary care clinics, and between 60 and 70 percent of them are discharged without receiving behavioral health care services. More than two-thirds of primary care providers report that they are unable to connect patients with behavioral health providers because of a shortage of mental health providers and health insurance barriers. Part of the explanation for the lack of access to care lies in a historical legacy of discrimination and stigma that makes people reluctant to seek help and also led to segregated and inhumane services for those facing mental health and substance use disorders.
In an effort to understanding the challenges and opportunities of providing essential components of care for people with mental health and substance use disorders in primary care settings, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Forum on Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders convened three webinars held on June 3, July 29, and August 26, 2020. The webinars addressed efforts to define essential components of care for people with mental health and substance use disorders in the primary care setting for depression, alcohol use disorders, and opioid use disorders; opportunities to build the health care workforce and delivery models that incorporate those essential components of care; and financial incentives and payment structures to support the implementation of those care models, including value-based payment strategies and practice-level incentives. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the webinars.
122 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68268-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68269-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25927
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Caring for People with Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in Primary Care Settings: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Humans are potentially exposed to more than 80,000 toxic chemicals in the environment, yet their impacts on brain health and disease are not well understood. The sheer number of these chemicals has overwhelmed the ability to determine their individual toxicity, much less potential interactive effects. Early life exposures to chemicals can have permanent consequences for neurodevelopment and for neurodegeneration in later life. Toxic effects resulting from chemical exposure can interact with other risk factors such as prenatal stress, and persistence of some chemicals in the brain over time may result in cumulative toxicity. Because neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders - such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Parkinson's disease - cannot be fully explained by genetic risk factors alone, understanding the role of individual environmental chemical exposures is critical.
On June 25, 2020, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a workshop to lay the foundation for future advances in environmental neuroscience. The workshop was designed to explore new opportunities to bridge the gap between what is known about the genetic contribution to brain disorders and what is known, and not known, about the contribution of environmental influences, as well as to discuss what is known about how genetic and environmental factors interact. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
86 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68309-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68310-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25937
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Environmental Neuroscience: Advancing the Understanding of How Chemical Exposures Impact Brain Health and Disease: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
In the wake of a large-scale disaster, from the initial devastation through the long tail of recovery, protecting the health and well-being of the affected individuals and communities is paramount. Accurate and timely information about mortality and significant morbidity related to the disaster are the cornerstone of the efforts of the disaster management enterprise to save lives and prevent further health impacts. Conversely, failure to accurately capture mortality and significant morbidity data undercuts the nation's capacity to protect its population. Information about disaster-related mortality and significant morbidity adds value at all phases of the disaster management cycle. As a disaster unfolds, the data are crucial in guiding response and recovery priorities, ensuring a common operating picture and real-time situational awareness across stakeholders, and protecting vulnerable populations and settings at heightened risk.
A Framework for Assessing Mortality and Morbidity After Large-Scale Disasters reviews and describes the current state of the field of disaster-related mortality and significant morbidity assessment. This report examines practices and methods for data collection, recording, sharing, and use across state, local, tribal, and territorial stakeholders; evaluates best practices; and identifies areas for future resource investment.
272 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68025-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68026-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25863
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. A Framework for Assessing Mortality and Morbidity After Large-Scale Disasters. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the societal disruption it has brought, national governments and the international community have invested billions of dollars and immense amounts of human resources to develop a safe and effective vaccine in an unprecedented time frame. Vaccination against this novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), offers the possibility of significantly reducing severe morbidity and mortality and transmission when deployed alongside other public health strategies and improved therapies.
Health equity is intertwined with the impact of COVID-19 and there are certain populations that are at increased risk of severe illness or death from COVID-19. In the United States and worldwide, the pandemic is having a disproportionate impact on people who are already disadvantaged by virtue of their race and ethnicity, age, health status, residence, occupation, socioeconomic condition, or other contributing factors.
Framework for Equitable Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine offers an overarching framework for vaccine allocation to assist policy makers in the domestic and global health communities. Built on widely accepted foundational principles and recognizing the distinctive characteristics of COVID-19, this report's recommendations address the commitments needed to implement equitable allocation policies for COVID-19 vaccine.
272 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68224-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68225-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25917
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Framework for Equitable Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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