Use of Marginal and Unconventional-Source Coal Ashes in Concrete (2024)
Chapter: Abbreviations
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"Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Use of Marginal and Unconventional-Source Coal Ashes in Concrete. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27857.
Abbreviations
| A | average strength of mortar test mixture |
| Acorr | measured air content of concrete |
| AEA | air-entraining admixture |
| Al | aluminum |
| Al3+ | aluminum ion |
| Al(OH)3 | aluminum hydroxide |
| Al2O3 | alumina |
| Al4+8Si2-8O10-6 | mullite |
| ANOVA | analysis of variance |
| ASR | alkali-silica reactivity |
| AVG | average value of dataset |
| B | average strength of the “control” mortar mixture |
| Blaine | Blaine fineness measurement |
| BR | bulk resistivity |
| BRI | bulk resistivity index |
| BT | basaltic fine |
| C | average strength of inert filler-cement mortar mixture |
| C2S | dicalcium silicate or belite |
| C3A | tricalcium aluminate |
| C3S | tricalcium silicate or alite |
| C4AF | tetracalcium aluminoferrite |
| Ca | calcium |
| Ca(NO3)2 | calcium nitrate |
| (CaO)3Al2O3 | cubic tricalcium aluminate |
| Ca(OH)2 | portlandite (naturally occurring form of calcium hydroxide) |
| Ca(SO4)-0.5H2O | bassanite |
| Ca+2 | calcium cation |
| Ca2Al(Al,Si)O7 | gehlenite |
| Ca2SiO2 | belite |
| Ca3Mg(SiO4)2 | merwinite |
| Ca4Al6O12SO4 | ye’elimite |
| Ca7Si6(CO3)O18 • 2(H2O) | scawtite |
| CaCO3 | calcite |
| CaO + Al2O3 | glass disorder |
| CaO | calcium oxide (amorphous) or free calcium (crystalline) |
| C-A-S-H | calcium aluminate silicate hydrates |
| CaSO4 | anhydrite |
| CaSO4 • 2H2O | gypsum |
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Suggested Citation:
"Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Use of Marginal and Unconventional-Source Coal Ashes in Concrete. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27857.
| CCA | cyclone collector ash |
| CE | chemical efficiency |
| CFB | circulating fluidized bed [ash] |
| CH | calcium hydroxide content |
| CI | confidence interval |
| CIP | AASHTO chloride ion penetrability rating |
| CL | calcined clay |
| CM | cementitious materials |
| CMC | critical micelle concentration |
| CO2 | carbon dioxide |
| CSA | Canadian Standards Association |
| CuKα | x-ray radiation corresponding to a wavelength of 1.5 Angstroms |
| d50 | median particle size |
| DAI | direct adsorption isotherm |
| DI | deionized water |
| Dp | depth of penetration per the Nordtest Method |
| e | precision |
| f'c | concrete compressive strength |
| FBM | fluorescence-based methods |
| Fe2O3 | iron oxide (amorphous) or hematite (crystalline) |
| Fe3O4 | magnetite |
| (Fe3+0.67-0.33)Fe3+2O4 | maghemite |
| FGD | flue gas desulfurization products |
| FIT | foam index test |
| FS | ground granulated furnace slag |
| F-value | F-test statistic representing the ratio of two variances or two mean squares to determine equality of variances |
| Fα,k-1,N-k | F-test statistic |
| G | aggregate correction factor |
| Gs | specific gravity |
| HNO3 | nitric acid |
| Ho | null hypothesis |
| HT | high temperature treatment |
| I | iodine number |
| ICP | inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy |
| k | sample group from population |
| K+ | potassium cation |
| K2O | potassium oxide |
| K2SiO3 | potassium silicate |
| K2SO4 | potassium sulfate (amorphous) or arcanite (crystalline) |
| KCl | potassium chloride |
| KHI | Keil hydraulic index |
| KOH | potassium hydroxide |
| LOI | loss on ignition |
| LS | limestone |
| Mg+2 | magnesium cation |
| MgO | magnesium oxide |
| MgSiO3 | enstatite |
| mM | milliMolarity |
| MR3 | modified rapid, robust, relevant reactivity test |
| MSAI | modified strength activity index using constant water |
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139
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Suggested Citation:
"Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Use of Marginal and Unconventional-Source Coal Ashes in Concrete. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27857.
| N | reduced sample size |
| n | sample size |
| N | population size |
| Na+ | sodium cation |
| Na2O | sodium oxide |
| Na2Oeq or Na2Oe | total equivalent alkalies |
| Na2SO4 | sodium sulfate |
| NaAlSi3O8 | monalbite |
| NaCl | sodium chloride |
| (NH4)3FeF6 | ammonium iron fluoride |
| NH4H2PO | ammonium dihydrogen phosphate |
| NP-10 | TERGITOL NP-10 surfactant from Spectrum chemicals |
| NPCA | National Precast Concrete Association |
| OPC | ordinary portland cement |
| pH | potential of hydrogen or acidity/basicity level |
| PLC | portland limestone cement |
| ppm | parts per million |
| PSD | particle size distribution |
| p-value | the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results of hypothesis testing under the assumption that the null hypothesis is correct |
| Q | quartz |
| QXRD | quantitative x-ray diffraction |
| R2 | coefficient of determination |
| R80 | AASHTO R80 limit for aggregate reactivity to prevent deleterious expansion |
| RCPT | rapid chloride permeability test |
| RI | refractive index |
| S | fresh concrete slump |
| S5 | in the foam drainage test, rate of change during the first 5 minutes after mixing |
| SA | sulfate attack deleterious phenomenon |
| SAI | strength activity index using nonconstant water |
| SCM | supplementary cementitious materials |
| SEM | scanning electron microscopy |
| SF | silica fume |
| SG | specific gravity |
| Si | silicon |
| SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 | sum of silica, alumina, and iron oxide |
| SiO2 | silica (amorphous) or quartz (crystalline) |
| SLS | sodium lauryl sulfate; air-entraining agent derived from lauryl alcohol and sulfur trioxide |
| SO3 | sulfate content |
| SR | surface resistivity |
| SSA | specific surface area |
| SSD | saturated surface-dry aggregate |
| STD | standard deviation of dataset |
| T | theoretical concrete density |
| t | t-statistic |
| TE | total efficiency test |
| TGA | thermogravimetric analysis |
Page
140
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Suggested Citation:
"Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Use of Marginal and Unconventional-Source Coal Ashes in Concrete. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27857.
| tlower | lower t-statistic |
| TO | tall oil; air-entraining agent derived from organic salts |
| TOC | total organic carbon analyzer |
| TSE | total strength efficiency |
| tupper | upper t-statistic |
| V | volume |
| V60 | total drainage quantity or volume in the foam drainage test |
| VB | volume of blank sample without fly ash |
| VF | volume of titrant |
| VR | neutralized vinsol resin; air-entraining agent derived from pinewood resin |
| W | Levene test statistic |
| W | weight |
| w/c | water-to-cement ratio |
| w/cm | water-to-cementitious materials ratio |
| WA | water content of the mortar mixture |
| WF | weight of coal ash |
| WR | wood rosin; air-entraining agent consisting of abietic acid derived from pinewood |
| WR1 | wood rosin from manufacturer 1 |
| WR2 | wood rosin from manufacturer 2 |
| WRE | water-reduction efficiency |
| WX | water content of strength efficiency mortar sample expressed as % of the control |
| X | average strength of the strength efficiency mortar sample with more cementitious content |
| XRD | x-ray diffraction |
| XRF | x-ray fluorescence |
| Y | actual yield of concrete mixture |
| Y/Yt | relative yield of concrete mixture |
| Yt | theoretical yield of concrete mixture |
| Zi | group mean |
| Zij | global mean |
| α | significance level or probability of Type I error in hypothesis testing or incorrectly supporting the alternate hypothesis when Ho is true |
| β | probability of Type II error in hypothesis testing or incorrectly failing to reject Ho |
Page
137
Share
Suggested Citation:
"Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Use of Marginal and Unconventional-Source Coal Ashes in Concrete. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27857.
Page
138
Share
Suggested Citation:
"Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Use of Marginal and Unconventional-Source Coal Ashes in Concrete. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27857.
Page
139
Share
Suggested Citation:
"Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Use of Marginal and Unconventional-Source Coal Ashes in Concrete. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27857.
Page
140
Share
Suggested Citation:
"Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Use of Marginal and Unconventional-Source Coal Ashes in Concrete. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/27857.
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