The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has asked the Institute of Medicine to convene a committee to consider three major and related topics in public health. The committee will explore the topics in the context of contemporary opportunities and challenges, and with the prospect of influencing the work of the public health system in the second decade of the twenty-first century and beyond. The committee will prepare three reports—one on each topic—containing actionable recommendations for public health agencies and other actors with roles in U.S. population health.