THE GLOBAL MOVEMENT AND TRACKING OF

CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING
EQUIPMENT

A WORKSHOP SUMMARY

Kathryn Hughes and Joe Alper, Rapporteurs

Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology

Division on Earth and Life Studies

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

Washington, D.C.

www.nap.edu

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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This publication results from research supported by the Naval Postgraduate School’s Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction (PASCC) via Assistance Grant/Agreement No. N00244-13-1-0028 awarded by the NAVSUP Fleet Logistics Center San Diego (NAVSUP FLC San Diego). The views expressed in written materials or publications, and/or made by speakers, moderators, and presenters, do not necessarily reflect the official policies of the Naval Postgraduate School nor does mention of trade names, commercial practices, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-30651-5
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-30651-5

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Cover image (bottom): Courtesy of the Morimatsu Group

Suggested citation: NRC (National Research Council). 2014. The Global Movement and Tracking of Chemical Manufacturing Equipment (A Workshop Summary). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

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BOARD ON CHEMICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

TIMOTHY SWAGER, (Co-Chair), NAS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

DAVID WALT, (Co-Chair), NAE, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts

HÉCTOR D. ABRUÑA, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

JOEL C. BARRISH, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey

MARK A. BARTEAU, NAE, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

DAVID BEM, The Dow Chemical Company, Philadelphia, PA

ROBERT G. BERGMAN, NAS, University of California, Berkeley

JOAN BRENNECKE, NAE, University of Notre Dame, Indiana

HENRY E. BRYNDZA, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Wilmington, Delaware

MICHELLE V. BUCHANAN, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

DAVID W. CHRISTIANSON, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

RICHARD EISENBERG, NAS, University of Rochester, New York

JILL HRUBY, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico

FRANCES S. LIGLER, NAE, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh

SANDER G. MILLS, Merck Research Laboratories (Ret.), Scotch Plains, New Jersey

JOSEPH B. POWELL, Shell, Houston, Texas

ROBERT E. ROBERTS, Institute for Defense Analyses, Alexandria, Virginia

PETER J. ROSSKY, NAS, Rice University, Houston, Texas

DARLENE SOLOMON, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ON THE GLOBAL MOVEMENT AND TRACKING OF CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT

NANCY B. JACKSON, Franklin Fellow, U.S. Department of State

ROBERT E. ROBERTS, Senior Scientist, Institute of Defense Analyses

USHA WRIGHT, Senior Vice President and Co-General Counsel, O’Brien & Gere

CLARA J. ZAHRADNIK, Export Control Leader, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STAFF

TERESA FRYBERGER, Director

KATHRYN HUGHES, Senior Program Officer

DOUGLAS FRIEDMAN, Senior Program Officer

CARL GUSTAV-ANDERSON, Research Associate

ELIZABETH FINKELMAN, Program Coordinator

NAWINA MATSHONA, Senior Program Assistant

COTILYA BROWN, Senior Program Assistant

CAMLY TRAN, Postdoctoral Fellow

JOE ALPER, Consulting Writer

Acknowledgment of Reviewers

This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by persons chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making the published workshop summary as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets institutional standards of objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this summary:

Paul Amyotte, Dalhousie University

Richard T. Cupitt, U.S. Department of State

Charles T. Mooney, Xylem, Inc.

Donald Prosnitz, Independent Consultant

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the workshop summary before its release. The review of this summary was overseen by the National Research Council, which is responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this workshop summary was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered.

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Contents

Acronyms and Abbreviations

1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

Context for the Workshop

Organization of the Summary

References

2 THE CHANGING GLOBAL LANDSCAPE

Key Points

Discussion

Reference

3 THE LIFETIME OF MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT

Key Points

Experiences in Exporting Chemical Manufacturing Equipment

Industrial Regulations and Equipment Fabrication

Observations from the Field

Materials for Equipment Manufacturing

Discussion

4 THE SECURITY DIMENSION

Key Points

Chemical Weapons Non-Proliferation

A Policy Perspective on Dual-Use Chemical Equipment Non-Proliferation

Chemical Security and UNSCR 1540

Chemical Equipment Export Controls

Discussion

5 THE INTERNET AS A SECONDARY MARKET

Key Points

Discussion

6 FINAL GROUP DISCUSSION

APPENDICES

A Statement of Task

B Workshop Agenda

C Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers and Organizing Committee Members

D Workshop Attendees

E The Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology

Acronyms and Abbreviations

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