The geologic record contains physical, chemical, and biological indicators of a range of past climate states. As recent changes in atmospheric composition cause earth's climate to change, and amid suggestions that future change may cause the earth to transition to a climatic state that is dramatically different to that of the recent past, there is an increasing focus on the geologic record as a repository of critical information for understanding the likely parameters and impacts of future change. To further our understanding of past climates, their signatures, and key environmental forcing parameters and their impact on ecosystems, an NRC study will:* Assess the present state of knowledge of earth's deep-time paleoclimate record, with particular emphasis on the transition periods of major paleoclimate change.* Describe opportunities for high priority research, with particular emphasis on collaborative multidisciplinary activities. * Outline the research and data infrastructure that will be required to accomplish the priority research objectives. The report should also include concepts and suggestions for an effective education and outreach program.The approximate start date for the project is September 30, 2007The project is sponsored by the National Science Foundation, the Department of the Interior's U.S. Geological Survey, and the Chevron Corporation.A final report will be issued approximately 18 months after project initiation.Update 10/4/10: The project duration has been extended. The report is expected to be issued by 3/1/11.