Congress asked the National Academies to evaluate the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) plans for retrieval and on-site disposal of certain types of radioactive wastes stored in almost 250 underground tanks at three sites: Hanford Site, Savannah River Site, and the Idaho National Laboratory. Among the committee’s findings and recommendations, the report notes that DOE should pursue a more risk-informed, consistent, participatory, and transparent process for making decisions about how much waste to retrieve from each tank or group of tanks, and how much of that waste to dispose at each of the three sites.