The committee identified options for strengthening and expanding the Department of Defense (DOD) Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program, including an assessment of new CTR initiatives and recommendations for strengthening and expanding the CTR program. The legislation calling for the study defined its scope, and included such items as developing new CTR initiatives (to be coordinated with DOE, State, and other agencies), transparency mechanisms, and engagement with non-governmental experts. Partnerships with the Russian Federation and other countries were also recommended, along with increasing the role of scientists and government officials in partner countries.