While some scholars argue that the theory of “disruptive innovation” overlooks socio-economic realities, many across industry, academia, and policy nevertheless embrace the notion that technologies that create new markets and value networks can and do effectively disrupt industries and displace earlier technologies. This GUIRR meeting explored what disruptive innovation and disruptive innovators look like today; how patterns of disruption and business dynamism are changing in a modern world; how the study of disruption can affect the structure of innovation ecosystems; and how disruption can inform national science and technology policy in the present and the future.