International collaboration in science and technology research is growing at a remarkable rate. International collaborations and partnerships provide U.S.-based organizations unique opportunities to enhance research and training. International research agreements can serve many purposes, but data are always involved in these collaborations. The kinds of data in play within international research agreements vary, and the uses of these data are numerous and require accounting for the effects of data access, use, and sharing on different parties. GUIRR’s I-Group convened to explore the changing opportunities and risks associated with ethical data management and use across disciplinary domains in international research agreements.