For most people, Edmond Halley is best known for accurately predicting
the periodic appearance of the comet that ultimately would bear
his name. But his greatest achievement may have been overlooked—
indeed few people know that it was Halley who solved the riddle of
accurate navigation for all sea-going vessels.
As seventeenth-century scientists gradually
came to believe that the inside of
the Earth was magnetized they were
puzzled by the fact magnetic north
not only varied slightly from place to
place, but gradually changed over
time, suggesting a slow variation of
the Earth's magnetic field. But if the
Earth was permanently magnetized,
how could its magnetism vary?
Edmond Halley, Britain's Astronomer Royal, ingeniously proposed that the Earth
contained a number of spherical shells, one inside the other, each magnetized
differently, each slowly rotating in relation to the others.
This brilliant deduction earned Halley the command of a small sailing ship,
the 52-foot Paramore, and with it, a royal mandate. Halley was to sail forth "to
stand so far into the South, till you discover the Coast of the Terra Incognita."
But more importantly, determine the variation between true and magnetic
north in order to more accurately calculate longitude—a feat that would
improve Britain's navigational skills and ensure its dominance of the high seas.
Halley's Quest takes readers on a trilogy of sea voyages, each of which proved
to be as novel and revealing as it was difficult and controversial. But more than
a yarn of risk and adventure, the story at the core of the book is a deeply personal
and intellectual tale that captures the science and the spirit of an almost
forgotten episode in the history of navigation. Once branded a heretic by the
Church and denied a prestigious scholarly chair at Oxford University, Halley ultimately
changed the course of science, producing charts that described more
accurate ways to navigate and documenting new geophysical phenomena
ranging from ocean patterns to the motion of Jupiter's moons. This delightful
book emphasizes the drama of Halley's mission and the passion of an era hungry
for the stories science had to tell.