TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 154: Developing, Enhancing, and Sustaining Tribal Transit Services: A Guidebook offers guidance about the various steps for planning and implementing a tribal transit system. The steps that are described may be used for planning a new transit system, enhancing an existing service, or taking action to sustain services.
The report also provides an overview of the tribal transit planning process.
The project that developed TCRP Report 154 also produced TCRP Web Document 54: Developing, Enhancing, and Sustaining Tribal Transit Services: Final Research Report, which documents the development of the TCRP Report 154.
In addition, the project also produced a 16-page full-color brochure, published in 2011 as "Native Americans on the Move: Challenges and Successes", with an accompanying PowerPoint presentation; and a PowerPoint presentation describing the entire project.
224 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-25817-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-41107-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/22818
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Developing, Enhancing, and Sustaining Tribal Transit Services: A Guidebook. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Commercial vehicles delivering consumer goods must observe the applicable weight requirements and seek permits for oversize loads.
NCHRP WOD 397: Developing a Guide for Transporting Freight in Emergencies: Conduct of Research, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is a supplement to NCHRP Research Report 1115: Transporting Freight in Emergencies: A Guide on Special Permits and Weight Requirements.
88 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72411-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27899
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Developing a Guide for Transporting Freight in Emergencies: Conduct of Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Rural highways account for a significant portion of the National Highway System and serve many vital mobility purposes. The Highway Capacity Manual, the standard reference for traffic analysis methodologies, contains analysis methodologies for all of the individual segments or intersections that may constitute a rural highway; however, it does not include a methodology or guidelines for connecting the individual roadway segments into a connected, cohesive, facility-level analysis.
NCHRP Research Report 1102: Reliability and Quality of Service Evaluation Methods for Rural Highways: A Guide, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, presents a guide for traffic analysis of rural highways that connects the individual highway segments into a connected, cohesive, facility-level analysis.
Supplemental to the report is NCHRP Web-Only Document 392: Developing a Guide for Rural Highways: Reliability and Quality of Service Evaluation Methods.
288 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-70999-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72399-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27895
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Reliability and Quality of Service Evaluation Methods for Rural Highways: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Commercial vehicles delivering consumer goods must observe the applicable weight requirements and seek permits for oversize loads. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, significant changes accelerated in e-commerce, adding pressure for the freight community to deliver goods directly to consumers in an environment of uncertainty where consumers were buying in bulk, exhausting supplies of common and necessary goods. On top of consumer disruptions to the freight system, truckers urgently had to make deliveries of much-needed, pandemic-related supplies.
NCHRP Research Report 1115: Transporting Freight in Emergencies: A Guide on Special Permits and Weight Requirements, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, provides a guide to state departments of transportation to consider options to better anticipate and respond to state and federal emergencies, specifically related to the movement of overweight commercial vehicles carrying emergency commodities within a state or across a region.
Supplemental to the report are the following:
64 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71002-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72408-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27898
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Transporting Freight in Emergencies: A Guide on Special Permits and Weight Requirements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Interest in decarbonizing various sectors of the U.S. economy has produced a rich body of scholarly research, policy studies, and practitioner reports on technology pathways and scenarios, with a particular focus on the power sector, vehicles, and buildings. The research on nontechnological issues associated with decarbonization is much sparser in general, and this is particularly true for the difficult-to-decarbonize industrial sector. In February 2024, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public workshop designed to inform the development of ideas for a national interdisciplinary social sciences research agenda relating to an efficient and equitable clean energy transition in the U.S. industrial sector. The workshop planning committee solicited and commissioned several papers aimed at outlining key societal challenges and needs that require social science insights and tools to build a social compact for industrial decarbonization. At the workshop, an interdisciplinary group of social scientists, engineers, community groups, and experts from industry and government explored the social science research needs on these issues. This proceedings of the workshop describes the presentations and discussions.
127 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72140-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72141-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27815
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Developing and Assessing Ideas for Social and Behavioral Research to Speed Efficient and Equitable Industrial Decarbonization: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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25 pages · ·
National Academy of Sciences. 2014. Imagining Deep Time. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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From March 1 through July 31, 2018, Cultural Programs of the National Academy of Sciences presented the exhibition Aguahoja: Hexes by Neri Oxman and The Mediated Matter Group, MIT Media Lab. This catalog documents the exhibition. Nature made us half water. With water, the biological world facilitates the customization of an organism's physical and chemical properties—through growth and degradation—as a function of genes and environmental constraints. Designed goods, however—including garments, products, and buildings—contain little or none of the fluid that gives life. More than 300 million tons of plastic are produced globally each year, leaving harmful imprints on the environment: our seas, our trees, our bodies. Less than 10% of this material is recycled, and the rest becomes waste, dumped into landfills and oceans, where they leach out toxic chemicals and take thousands of years to degrade. Oxman and The Mediated Matter Group at MIT Media Lab aim to subvert this cycle. Their Aguahoja series features structures that are digitally designed and robotically fabricated out of the most abundant materials on our planet—the very materials found in trees, crustaceans, and apples. Cellulose, chitosan, and pectin are parametrically compounded, functionally graded, and digitally fabricated to create biodegradable composites with functional, mechanical, chemical, and optical gradients across length scales ranging from millimeters to meters. The structures are designed as if they were grown; no assembly is required. This exhibition featured four structures from the series.
6 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72586-0
National Academy of Sciences. 2018. Aguahoja: Hexes: The Mediated Matter Group, MIT Media Lab. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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In June 2023, the National Academies Roundtable on Population Health Improvement and the Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity hosted a public workshop in Oakland, California. Speakers discussed the science and practice of measuring health equity and health disparities nationally and in communities, in health care, and in other sectors and settings.
14 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72467-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27914
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Exploring the Ecosystem of Health Equity Measures: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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From February 18 through July 15, 2020, Cultural Programs of the National Academy of Sciences presented the exhibition Force Majeure: Wildfire and Wheat featuring artwork by artist Adrien Segal. This catalog documents the exhibition which featured Segal's Wildfire Progression and Wheat Mandala series. The term force majeure translates to "superior force." It also refers to a common clause used in contract law to account for extraordinary events such as a natural disaster, an "Act of God," or any other unforeseeable circumstance that is a result of the elements of nature, as opposed to one caused by human activities such as war. In the 21st century, natural systems have been so drastically affected by human activity that wildfires, floods, and many other extraordinary events, previously identified as natural disasters, can no longer be so neatly categorized. With this exhibition, Segal explores the connections and blurring distinctions between the natural and human-caused forces that are changing global ecosystems. Based in Oakland, California, Segal works across disciplines and media, drawing upon history, narrative, emotion, and perception. Her artwork synthesizes information from scientific research attempting to bridge the deep disconnect between scientific rationality and the emotional nature of human experience. This catalog includes an essay by Juliana Biondo, Assistant Curator, World Bank Group Art Program.
20 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72584-4
National Academy of Sciences. 2020. Force Majeure: Wildfire and Wheat: Work by Adrien Segal. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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From March 18 through September 13, 2019, Cultural Programs of the National Academy of Sciences presented the exhibition From Lucid Stead: Prints and Works by Phillip K. Smith III. This catalog documents the exhibition which featured photographs (Focused Views), prints (Chromatic Variants), and a sculpture (Lucid Stead Elements) by California-based light artist Phillip K. Smith, III. Shown in this exhibition for the first time together, the works are inspired by Lucid Stead, Smith's 2013 installation in Joshua Tree, California, where he transformed an existing homesteader shack into a mirrored structure that, by day, reflected the desert surroundings and, by night, shifted into a color changing projected light installation. Smith creates large-scale temporary installations drawing on concepts of space, form, light, shadow, environment, and change. His practice is informed by his architecture training at Rhode Island School of Design, Providence. Producing extraordinary and communal encounters via installations that explore the transitory nature of light, Smith fosters inexpressibly human, immaterial, and unifying experiences that elude language and defy form, but can be undeniably felt. Through his pacing of color, reflection, and use of the environment as material, Smith encourages us to slow down and observe our surroundings in new ways. This catalog includes an essay by William L. Fox, director, Center for Art + Environment at the Nevada Museum of Art in Reno.
15 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72582-8
National Academy of Sciences. 2019. From Lucid Stead: Prints and Works by Phillip K. Smith III. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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From September 24, 2018, through February 22, 2019, Cultural Programs of the National Academy of Sciences presented the exhibition Ground Truth: Corona Landmarks featuring work by Julie Anand and Damon Sauer. In their photographs of what remains of the Corona project, Anand and Sauer investigate our relationship to the vast networks of information that encircle the globe. The Corona project was a CIA and US Air Force surveillance initiative that began in the 1960s and ended in 1972. It involved using cameras on satellites to take aerial photographs of the Soviet Union and China. The cameras were calibrated with concrete targets on the ground that are 60 feet in diameter, which provided a reference for scale and ensured images were in focus. Approximately 273 of these concrete targets were placed on a 16-square-mile grid in the Arizona desert, spaced a mile apart. Long after Corona's end and its declassification in 1995, around 180 targets remain, and Anand and Sauer have spent several years photographing them as part of an ongoing project. In their images, each concrete target is overpowered by an expansive sky, onto which the artists map the paths of orbiting satellites present when the photograph was taken. This catalog includes an essay by Ivan Amato.
6 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72590-9
National Academy of Sciences. 2019. Ground Truth: Corona Landmarks. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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From November 6, 2023, through June 7, 2024, Cultural Programs of the National Academy of Sciences presented the exhibition Julia Pollack: Collaborative Ecologies. This catalog documents the exhibition which featured bodies of work focused on honeybee colonies and microbial communities. Pollack, a curator, and creator at the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB) at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, makes art based on her conversations and collaborations with scientists and staff. When she engages in dialogues with researchers at IGB, she immerses herself in their work and then uses that information along with related imagery to build concepts for her artistic interpretations. Pollack's work highlights the power and aesthetics of science imagery while revealing the hidden labor of research and knowledge production. The work in this exhibition is part of the IGB's Art of Science program, currently in its fourteenth year. It celebrates common ground between science and art and is representative of IGB's mission to bring science to the community. This catalog includes an essay by Ananya Sen, Science Writer at IGB.
20 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72588-7
National Academy of Sciences. 2024. Julia Pollack: Collaborative Ecologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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From February 20 through July 15, 2018, Cultural Programs of the National Academy of Sciences presented the exhibition Process, Chance, and Serendipity: Art that Makes Itself featuring work by artist Paul Brown. Brown discovered digital computers as a creative medium after seeing the landmark exhibition, Cybernetic Serendipity, at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London in 1968. He has specialized in art, science, and technology since the late 1960s and in computational and generative art since the mid-1970s. This exhibition was a 50-year retrospective of Brown's work in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the landmark exhibition, Cybernetic Serendipity. Brown designs computer programs—sets of instructions—and when they execute, the ongoing process exhibits emergent properties, which comprise the artworks. He emphasizes that the art is not embedded in the programs by intention but instead emerges autonomously from the execution of the programs. Together with his son Daniel, an artist, they have described this methodology as "art that makes itself."
10 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72598-4
National Academy of Sciences. 2018. Process, Chance, and Serendipity: Art that Makes Itself. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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From March 7 through August 15, 2018, Cultural Programs of the National Academy of Sciences presented the exhibition R. Luke DuBois: Love in the Time of Data. Curated by Anne Collins Goodyear, the exhibition was organized in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the landmark exhibition, Cybernetic Serendipity. Like many contemporary artists, DuBois' work resists easy categorization, encompassing filmmaking, printmaking, collaborative performance, computer programming, and data mining. Keenly aware of our relationship to the numerous streams of data that surround us, DuBois seeks to explore how we make sense of it, and how, in the process, we make sense of ourselves. The elegant pair of works brought together in this exhibition, A More Perfect Union and Fashionably Late to the Relationship, seek to explore strategies for connecting in a world that asks us to tailor our behaviors to accommodate new technologies, and in which personal subjectivity defies and escapes the regimented categories we may seek to impose upon it.
7 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72594-1
National Academy of Sciences. 2018. R. Luke DuBois: Love in the Time of Data. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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From May 20 through September 23, 2022, Cultural Programs of the National Academy of Sciences presented the exhibition Terrain: Speaking of Home featuring work by Native American artist Joe Feddersen (Okanagan and Arrow Lakes). Feddersen's work explores Indigenous landscapes and icons and the complex relationship between contemporary and Native symbolism. He incorporates minimalist geometric patterns that reflect the landscape and his heritage. He works in a range of media including painting, printmaking, photography, collage, and glass. This catalog includes an essay by independent journalist Brandon Keim.
11 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72592-5
National Academy of Sciences. 2022. Terrain: Speaking of Home: Artwork by Joe Feddersen. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Many federal agencies provide data and statistics on inequality and related aspects of household income, consumption, and wealth (ICW). However, because the information provided by these agencies is often produced using different concepts, underlying data, and methods, the resulting estimates of poverty, inequality, mean and median household income, consumption, and wealth, as well as other statistics, do not always tell a consistent or easily interpretable story. Measures also differ in their accuracy, timeliness, and relevance so that it is difficult to address such questions as the effects of the Great Recession on household finances or of the Covid-19 pandemic and the ensuing relief efforts on household income and consumption. The presence of multiple, sometimes conflicting statistics at best muddies the waters of policy debates and, at worst, enable advocates with different policy perspectives to cherry-pick their preferred set of estimates. Achieving an integrated system of relevant, high-quality, and transparent household ICW data and statistics should go far to reduce disagreement about who has how much, and from what sources. Further, such data are essential to advance research on economic wellbeing and to ensure that policies are well targeted to achieve societal goals.
Creating an Integrated System of Data and Statistics on Household Income, Consumption, and Wealth reviews the major household ICW statistics currently produced by U.S. statistical agencies and provides guidance for modernizing the information to better inform policy and research, such as understanding trends in inequality and mobility. This report provides recommendations for developing an improved 21st century data system for measuring the extent to which economic prosperity is shared by households throughout the population and for understanding how the distribution of resources is affected by government policy and economic events.
350 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71231-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71232-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27333
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Creating an Integrated System of Data and Statistics on Household Income, Consumption, and Wealth: Time to Build. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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As of January 1, 2020, all new and replacement bridge rails installed on the National Highway System are required to conform to the requirements stipulated in the AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware [MASH], 2nd edition (2016).
NCHRP Research Report 1109: Bridge Railing Design Requirements, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, presents an update to bridge railing design requirements to ensure consistency with the state of knowledge. The update incorporates the recommendations from NCHRP Research Report 1024: Evaluation of Bridge Rail Systems to Confirm AASHTO MASH Compliance and NCHRP Research Report 1078: MASH Railing Load Requirements for Bridge Deck Overhang.
An appendix to the report presents design examples for railings and deck overhangs.
238 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-70994-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72389-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27893
Transportation Research Board. 2024. Bridge Railing Design Requirements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Symposium_in_brief
The National Academies' Food Forum celebrated its 30th anniversary in November 2023 with a symposium reflecting on its contributions and developments in the field of nutrition, food, and agriculture. Discussions covered the history of the Food Forum and how it has informed research, policy, and industry practices in light of challenges to food safety and security, climate change, and health equity.
102 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71920-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71921-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27771
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. The Food Forum 30th Anniversary: Proceedings of a Symposium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Artificial intelligence (AI) and automation are increasingly being used to aid biological discovery and biotechnology development. Robotic and remotely controlled equipment is being used to accelerate research, while AI is opening new opportunities to explore the natural world and inform efforts to build biological entities with useful capabilities. Such technologies are poised to drive beneficial advances in health, biomaterials, environmental remediation, biomanufacturing, agriculture, and other areas. However, these developments also raise new questions and potential risks. Researchers, policymakers, and the public have sought to examine how applying AI and automation in biotechnology might lead to new challenges for biosecurity, health and safety, the environment, the integrity of scientific data, and economic development and national competitiveness.
To examine these issues, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop titled Artificial Intelligence and Automated Laboratories for Biotechnology: Leveraging Opportunities and Mitigating Risks, on April 3-4, 2024. Participants from government, academia, nonprofit organizations, and private industry communities gathered virtually and in person to explore the use of AI and automation in biological research and development; discuss considerations relevant to national security; and share perspectives on potential future pathways for technology and policy development. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief provides the rapporteurs' high-level overview of the event.
12 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71541-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27469
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Artificial Intelligence and Automated Laboratories for Biotechnology: Leveraging Opportunities and Mitigating Risks: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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