Consensus
The next decade of planetary science and astrobiology holds tremendous promise. New research will expand our understanding of our solar system's origins, how planets form and evolve, under what conditions life can survive, and where to find potentially habitable environments in our solar system and beyond. Origins, Worlds, and Life: A Decadal Strategy for Planetary Science and Astrobiology 2023-2032 highlights key science questions, identifies priority missions, and presents a comprehensive research strategy that includes both planetary defense and human exploration. This report also recommends ways to support the profession as well as the technologies and infrastructure needed to carry out the science.
736 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-47578-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-49046-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26522
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Origins, Worlds, and Life: A Decadal Strategy for Planetary Science and Astrobiology 2023-2032. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Transboundary water cooperation and effective water governance are essential to ensuring global security, economic development, and environmental sustainability. The AccelNet PEER2PEER project, sponsored by the National Science Foundation and led by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, brings together global networks focusing on issues related to furthering transboundary water management. The project creates an ecosystem for translating engineering, physical science, and social science research into plans and policies for adoption by stakeholders and governments at local, state or regional, national, and international levels. In order to explore water management ideas that can be applied on the local through trans-national levels to achieve resilience in the face of climate change and other vulnerabilities, a workshop was convened on June 24-25, 2024, in Irvine, California. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief provides a high-level summary of key discussions held during the workshop.
12 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73264-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28769
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Learning Resilience: Lessons for Managing Global Transboundary Water Vulnerabilities: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Roadside safety features such as luminaire poles and sign supports are evaluated for crashworthiness using the AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) guidelines for crash testing. The updated preliminary testing protocols provide guidelines for evaluating families of related sign support and breakaway luminaire pole devices.
NCHRP Web-Only Document 405: Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1123: Guidelines for Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles.
347 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72414-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27900
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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State departments of transportation employ numerous variations of luminaire and sign support systems that require evaluations for their crashworthiness. Guidelines for families of devices with similar crashworthy performance have the potential to reduce costs and promote compliance with the AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH).
NCHRP Research Report 1123: Guidelines for Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, presents research results and preliminary guidelines for evaluating families of devices for sign supports and breakaway poles under MASH.
Supplemental to the report is NCHRP Web-Only Document 405: Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices.
208 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-70993-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72274-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27869
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Guidelines for Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Additive manufacturing (AM), the process in which a three-dimensional (3D) object is built by adding subsequent layers of materials, enables novel material compositions and shapes, often without the need for specialized tooling. On March 11-13, 2024, the Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics of the National Academies held a workshop on Statistical and Data-Driven Methods for Additive Manufacturing. The workshop brought together researchers from different AM communities, statisticians, data scientists, and AI/machine learning (ML) experts to examine approaches that enhance dimensional accuracy and dimensional stability; recent advances and future directions in statistics, data analytics, AI, and ML; and the issues associated with a rapid advance of AM material qualification and part certification.
82 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72562-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72563-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27939
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Statistical and Data-Driven Methods for Additive Manufacturing Qualification: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Over the past several decades, more than half of all U.S. states have legalized cannabis for adult and/or medical use, but it remains illegal at the federal level. The public health consequences of cannabis policy changes have not been comprehensively evaluated.
Therefore, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health tasked the National Academies with reviewing cannabis and cannabinoid availability in the U.S., assessing regulatory frameworks for the industry with an emphasis on equity, and describing strengths and weaknesses of surveillance systems for cannabis.
The resulting report finds that there has been limited federal guidance to states regarding protecting public health, which has led to inconsistent protection across the states. The report recommends a strategy to minimize public health harms through stronger federal leadership, a robust research agenda, and more.
340 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71900-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71901-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27766
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Cannabis Policy Impacts Public Health and Health Equity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Research leaders overseeing laboratories, centers, and collaborations have an opportunity to build and promote a culture of research excellence, integrity, and trust. At the same time, the conduct of science becomes more complex, societal demands become more explicit, and the challenges facing these leaders are myriad. Beyond the complexities of overseeing and executing innovative science, they must navigate an expanding set of roles, responsibilities, and expectations, including managing the evolving landscape of research integrity, data management, open science, mentorship, and technology.
To explore the range of roles and evolving responsibilities taken on by research leaders, especially those who lead cross-disciplinary and/or multi-institutional teams, the National Academies' Strategic Council for Research Excellence, Integrity, and Trust convened a workshop on December 4-5, 2023. Presentations and discussion of the workshop focused on scientific leadership to examine available responsible conduct of research (RCR) resources and the broad span of roles for research leaders, especially those who direct laboratories, centers, departments, or collaborations. Participants also explored the evolving needs of research leaders in a changing societal landscape, especially in terms of their roles in upholding RCR, navigating new oversight frameworks, and training the next generation of scientists. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
122 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72547-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72548-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27935
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. On Leading a Lab: Strengthening Scientific Leadership in Responsible Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Letter
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are integral to dietary recommendations across federal food and nutrition programs and serve as a resource for developing food and nutrition policies and regulations as well as development of national dietary guidelines. A component of the DRIs is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR). AMDRs are reference values for energy intakes from carbohydrate, fat, and protein that were established in the mid-1990s to provide health professionals with guidance on dietary intake recommendations for energy-containing macronutrients associated with micronutrient intake adequacy and decreased risk of chronic disease. This letter report considers whether the AMDR is needed within the expanded DRI framework that includes chronic disease risk reduction considerations.
60 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72633-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72634-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27957
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Rethinking the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for the 21st Century: A Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Since artificial intelligence's (AI) inception, AI and neuroscience have influenced each other to advance models of neural circuitry, analyze large and complex datasets, and inform the development of AI algorithms. This bidirectional relationship also has implications for health care as researchers and clinicians begin to explore the role of AI in clinical diagnosis, disease monitoring, and predicting treatment outcomes of central nervous system disorders. The National Academies Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a public workshop in March 2024 to explore safe, responsible, and equitable use of AI in neuroscience and identify collaborative strategies for increasing AI literacy, building public trust, and creating accessible user interfaces.
84 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71892-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71893-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27764
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Exploring the Bidirectional Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Container shipping was brought to a near standstill following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, but the demand for containerized cargo surged later that year and during 2021 and 2022 as the economy rebounded. Additional logistics capacity could not be brought online fast enough to meet the increased demand, and chassis were among the many transportation assets in short supply and out of position.
TRB Special Report 352: Intermodal Chassis Provisioning and Supply Chain Efficiency: Equipment Availability, Choice, and Quality, released this week from TRB and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, provides recommendations in response to a request from the U.S. Congress for the National Academies to study "best practices for on-terminal or near-terminal chassis pools that provide service to marine terminal operators, motor carriers, railroads, and other stakeholders that use the chassis pools, with the goal of optimizing supply chain efficiency and effectiveness" for the Federal Maritime Commission.
114 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72106-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72107-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27806
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Intermodal Chassis Provisioning and Supply Chain Efficiency: Equipment Availability, Choice, and Quality. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Active traffic management (ATM) is the ability to manage recurrent and nonrecurrent congestion, both dynamically and proactively, on transportation infrastructure based on real-time or predicted traffic conditions. Focusing on trip reliability, ATM strategies maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of a facility while increasing throughput and enhancing safety.
NCHRP Research Report 1120: Active Traffic Management Strategies: A Planning and Evaluation Guide, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is designed to provide planning and evaluation guidelines to transportation agencies so they can easily identify the appropriate path forward with ATM strategies suited to their regional needs and characteristics.
In addition to NCHRP Research Report 1120, an associated publication, NCHRP Web-Only Document 402: Developing a Planning and Evaluation Guide for Active Traffic Management Strategies, documents the research undertaken for the project.
300 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71010-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72290-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27871
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Active Traffic Management Strategies: A Planning and Evaluation Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Departments of transportation (DOTs) use pavement condition surveys to assess current pavement conditions and predict future pavement conditions to determine the type and timing of maintenance and rehabilitation treatments; define future budget needs; and develop, or refine, pavement performance models. Over the last two decades, pavement condition assessment has transitioned from manual to semiautomated to fully automated pavement condition surveys.
NCHRP Synthesis 636: AI Applications for Automatic Pavement Condition Evaluation, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents state DOT automated pavement distress identification and the use of artificial intelligence technologies to evaluate pavement conditions.
84 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72767-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72768-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27993
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. AI Applications for Automatic Pavement Condition Evaluation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Active traffic management (ATM) has been a rapidly evolving concept, creating a need to provide guidelines to agencies considering these operational strategies for their jurisdictions.
NCHRP Web-Only Document 402: Developing a Planning and Evaluation Guide for Active Traffic Management Strategies, is a supplemental document to NCHRP Research Report 1120: Active Traffic Management Strategies: A Planning and Evaluation Guide and updates and enhances the previously developed draft guide for planning and evaluating ATM for recurrent and nonrecurrent conditions. Two additional products are also available: a PowerPoint presentation providing an overview of the project and an Implementation Plan.
74 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72734-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27986
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Developing a Planning and Evaluation Guide for Active Traffic Management Strategies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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0 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0309745179
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28746
National Research Council. 1972. Institute of Medicine: Annual Report 1984. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine were asked to appoint a committee to conduct an Independent Analysis of the Department of Defense's Comprehensive Autism Care Demonstration. To hear perspectives on standards of care and inform the committee, the National Academies hosted a public workshop on June 20, 2024. Workshop presentations provided background on federal programs, perspectives on the state of evidence for applied behavior analysis, and perspectives on neurodiversity-affirming and trauma-informed care. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the presentations and discussions expressed during the public session.
11 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72894-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28030
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Programs and Frameworks for Autism Interventions: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The intermodal travel experience has changed significantly over the past two decades and continues to evolve. The broad adoption of digital technologies has altered how customers plan, book, and pay for travel and navigate spaces. Those that plan, build, and manage intermodal passenger facilities—such as airports, transit centers, rail and bus stations, and ferry and cruise terminals—must consider recent trends and emerging technologies and the impact on the travel experience.
TCRP Research Report 250/ACRP Research Report 275/NCHRP Research Report 1129: Intermodal Passenger Facility Planning and Decision-Making for Seamless Travel, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, Airport Cooperative Research Program, and National Cooperative Highway Research Program, describes the state of the practice, emerging lessons, and recommended practices for how intermodal passenger facilities can meet the needs of diverse users in the 21st century as new technologies emerge. The report emphasizes support for seamless travel, considering how different people experience intermodal passenger facilities.
138 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72614-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72615-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27953
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Intermodal Passenger Facility Planning and Decision-Making for Seamless Travel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Peer-to-peer (P2P) carsharing companies allow customers to reserve, pick up, and return a motor vehicle (most commonly owned by an individual) through a company-provided app for a fee. While P2P carsharing continues to grow across the United States, information on the nature of this activity at airports and how it affects revenue, operations, safety, and facilities is limited.
ACRP Research Report 274: Accommodating Peer-to-Peer Carsharing at Airports: A Guide, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, provides airport practitioners with suggested practices for accommodating P2P carsharing companies.
82 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72718-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72719-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27983
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Accommodating Peer-to-Peer Carsharing at Airports: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Data fusion is the process of integrating multiple data sources to produce more consistent, accurate, and comprehensive information than that provided by any individual data source. State departments of transportation (DOTs) are seeking to define the types and characteristics of data for entry into data fusion engines to help forecast travel time, speed, reliability, and other aspects of operational performance on roadway networks.
NCHRP Research Report 1127: Data Fusion of Probe and Point Sensor Data: A Guide, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is a guide to facilitate data fusion and improve data reporting to support traffic management at state DOTs.
98 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72763-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72764-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27992
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Data Fusion of Probe and Point Sensor Data: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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0 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0309744091
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28635
National Research Council. 1968. Full-scale testing of New York World's Fair structures. volume II, The Rathskeller structure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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