Workshop
Since artificial intelligence's (AI) inception, AI and neuroscience have influenced each other to advance models of neural circuitry, analyze large and complex datasets, and inform the development of AI algorithms. This bidirectional relationship also has implications for health care as researchers and clinicians begin to explore the role of AI in clinical diagnosis, disease monitoring, and predicting treatment outcomes of central nervous system disorders. The National Academies Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a public workshop in March 2024 to explore safe, responsible, and equitable use of AI in neuroscience and identify collaborative strategies for increasing AI literacy, building public trust, and creating accessible user interfaces.
84 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71892-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71893-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27764
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Exploring the Bidirectional Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Rare diseases, such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia, affect up to 30 million people in the United States and at least 300 million across the globe. Congress called on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to sponsor a National Academies study on processes for evaluating the safety and efficacy of drugs for rare diseases or conditions in the United States and the European Union. The resulting report provides recommendations for enhancing and promoting rare disease drug development by improving engagement with people affected by a rare disease, advancing regulatory science, and fostering collaboration between FDA and the European Medicines Agency.
386 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72655-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72656-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27968
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Regulatory Processes for Rare Disease Drugs in the United States and European Union: Flexibilities and Collaborative Opportunities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Historical unethical practices such as systemic racism and structural discrimination have negatively impacted the trustworthiness of genomics research, particularly with underrepresented populations. Working collaboratively with populations through community engagement can improve the quality of the science and the research benefits to the communities. The National Academies Roundtable on Genomics and Precision Health held a July 2024 workshop to explore the challenges and opportunities for long-term, sustained community engagement and partnerships in genomics research.
13 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72926-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28044
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Sustaining Community Engagement in Genomics Research: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Indigenous American and tribal nations and communities represent an important component of the U.S. medical and public health emergency preparedness and response system. As public health threats grow, Indigenous knowledge and practices are and will be critical to improving preparedness and response systems. The National Academies Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Disasters and Emergencies hosted a public workshop in July 2024 to explore opportunities to support the capacity of Indigenous American and tribal communities and nations to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters and public health emergencies.
11 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73012-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28284
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Strengthening Indigenous America: Building Resilience Through Disaster Preparedness, Response, and Recovery: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are collaborations among public and private entities (e.g., government agencies, research institutions, nonprofit organizations, and industry organizations) that bring together diverse expertise, resources, and perspectives to solve complex challenges. The National Academies National Cancer Policy Forum, in collaboration with the Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation, hosted a public workshop in October 2023 to examine opportunities to improve the care and outcomes for patients with cancer through PPPs for clinical cancer research.
72 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71868-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71869-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27758
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Optimizing Public–Private Partnerships for Clinical Cancer Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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At any one time, at least 30,000 people in the U.S. are living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a rapidly progressive, fatal neurological disease affecting individuals, caregivers, at-risk genetic carriers, and others. In 2022, Congress directed the National Institutes of Health to commission a National Academies committee of experts to recommend key actions public, private, and nonprofit sectors should take to make ALS a livable disease within the next 10 years. The resulting report, Living with ALS, focuses on an integrated ALS multidisciplinary care and research system to help facilitate earlier diagnosis and connections to specialty care.
190 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71801-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71802-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27739
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Living with ALS. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a critical part of infection prevention and health care worker (HCW) protection. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed gaps in the ability of health care systems to ensure HCWs have adequate access to PPE during times of surge in demand, placing both HCWs and patients at risk. In March 2024, the National Academies convened a public workshop to identify opportunities to increase the use of reusable health care textiles (HCTs) used for PPE in health care settings. Speakers emphasized reusable textiles' potential to protect health care staff and their patients, reduce waste and environmental effects from disposable HCTs, prepare for future pandemics, and provide cost savings.
122 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71884-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71885-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27762
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Reusable Health Care Textiles for Use in Personal Protective Equipment: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis and treatment among adults has increased over the past decade in the U.S. and globally. Evidence suggests adults with ADHD may be more likely to develop a substance use disorder, and there are concerns that nonmedical use of prescription stimulants could lead to misuse, overdose, or toxicity. In December 2023, The National Academies Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation and Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders held a public workshop to examine the diagnosis and treatment of adults with ADHD and explore the challenges and opportunities for the development of new therapeutics. The workshop was supported, in part, through a grant (PAR-23-072) from the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research at the FDA.
170 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71916-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71917-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27770
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Implications for Drug Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The use of immune modulator therapeutics, a type of immunotherapy enhancing the body immune system response to cancer, was perceived as the beginning of a new era in cancer care. While still important and frequently used, some of these therapeutics produce uneven response rates, disease resistance, and serious side effects. The National Academies National Cancer Policy Forum, in collaboration with the Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation, hosted a public workshop to discuss challenges related to immunotherapy treatment resistance, as well as potential policy opportunities to improve the development of immunotherapies for cancer treatment.
86 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71626-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71627-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27517
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Addressing Treatment Resistance in the Development of Cancer Immune Modulator Therapeutics: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Concerted efforts to deepen understanding of RNA modifications and their role in living systems hold the potential to advance human health, improve crop yields, and address other pressing societal challenges. RNA, which carries the information encoded by DNA to the places where it is needed, is amazingly diverse and dynamic. RNA is processed and modified through natural biological pathways, giving rise to hundreds, in some cases thousands, of distinct RNA molecules for each gene, thereby diversifying genetic information. RNA modifications are known to be pivotal players in nearly all biological processes, and their dysregulation has been implicated in a wide range of human diseases and disorders. Yet, our knowledge of RNA modifications remains incomplete, hindered by current technological limitations. Existing methods cannot discover all RNA modifications, let alone comprehensively sequence them on every RNA molecule. Nonetheless, what is known about RNA modifications has already been leveraged in the development of vaccines that helped saved millions of lives worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. RNA modifications also have applications beyond health, for example, enhancing agricultural productivity.
Charting a Future for Sequencing RNA and Its Modifications: A New Era for Biology and Medicine calls for a focused, large-scale effort to accelerate technological innovation to harness the full potential of RNA modifications to address pressing societal challenges in health, agriculture, and beyond. This report assesses the scientific and technological breakthroughs, workforce, and infrastructure needs to sequence RNA and its modifications, and ultimately understand the roles RNA modifications play in biological processes and disease. It proposes a roadmap of innovation that will make it possible for any RNA from any biological system to be sequenced end-to-end with all of its modifications - a capability that could lead to more personalized and targeted treatments and instigate transformative changes across various sectors beyond health and medicine.
260 pages
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7 x 10
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-70695-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70696-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27165
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Charting a Future for Sequencing RNA and Its Modifications: A New Era for Biology and Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Despite advances over the past several decades, the clinical trials enterprise has struggled to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse U.S. population. To help address this issue, a 2023 National Academies workshop sought to identify the expertise and disciplines needed to achieve the aspirations for a transformed clinical trials enterprise by 2030 and enable a workforce that can better support the evolving needs of drug R&D - one that is resilient, culturally aware, anti-racist, and interdisciplinary. The workshop, hosted by the Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation and Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine explored strategies to bolster workforce capacity and challenges and opportunities associated with supporting the next-generation drug R&D workforce.
140 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71856-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71857-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27755
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Preparing the Future Workforce in Drug Research and Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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In March 2024, the National Academies hosted a public workshop, sponsored by the Office of Naval research, to assess the operational and medical needs of the U.S. Navy and how they might be met with developing science and technology. Speakers focused on innovations to address health and safety challenges among divers and submariners, including decompression sickness, oxygen toxicity, fatigue, contaminated water, extreme temperatures, and long deployments.
14 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72322-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27878
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Emerging Science and Technology to Address Naval Undersea Medicine Needs: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The lack of a clear and consistent definition for Long COVID presents challenges for policymakers, researchers, public health professionals, clinicians, support services, and patients. As such, the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health asked the National Academies to assemble a committee of experts to produce a consensus definition for Long COVID. The resulting report, A Long COVID Definition: A Chronic, Systemic Disease State with Profound Consequences, presents the 2024 NASEM Long COVID Definition, developed based on findings reported in existing literature, as well as stakeholder and patient input.
186 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71908-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71909-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27768
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. A Long COVID Definition: A Chronic, Systemic Disease State with Profound Consequences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) affect millions of Americans each year, causing symptoms that can be debilitating and long-lasting and resulting in physical, cognitive, emotional, and financial ramifications. The complexity and heterogeneity of TBI make it challenging to target the right interventions to the right patient at the right time. For those who do receive care, unlinked health records, fragmented care delivery, and gaps in medical surveillance means many questions remain unanswered about TBI prevalence, comorbidities, adverse outcome risk factors, and long-term outcomes. To help address this challenge, learning health care systems that bidirectionally exchange data and insights across clinical research, care services, and public health have been identified as key to improving patient outcomes. To help move the field forward, the National Academies Forum on Traumatic Brain Injury hosted a public workshop to explore the role of learning health systems in advancing TBI research and care. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes discussions and key messages from the workshop.
120 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71744-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71745-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27653
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Data Integration in Learning Health Care Systems for Traumatic Brain Injury: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Implantable brain stimulation has had a profound impact on neuroscience research and the treatment of central nervous system disorders by allowing physicians to directly intervene in the pathological neural circuits of their patients. To explore the logistical, educational, and economic barriers to adopting this technology into regular use in clinical care, the National Academies Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a public workshop in October 2023.
94 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71759-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71760-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27657
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Exploring the Adoption of Implantable Brain Stimulation into Standard of Care for Central Nervous System Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Disasters and Emergencies convenes public- and private-sector leaders to improve the nation's preparedness for, response to, and recovery from disasters, public health emergencies, and emerging threats. The forum fosters in-depth policy discussion and collaboration to identify barriers and explore solutions to ensure and sustain national security, promote recovery, and enhance resilience. This publication describes the activities of the forum during 2023.
20 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72170-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27826
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Disasters and Emergencies: 2023 Annual Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Congress called on the National Academies to convene a committee to examine the real and perceived risks of liability arising from research conducted with pregnant and lactating women. The resulting report, Clinical Research with Pregnant and Lactating Populations: Overcoming Real and Perceived Liability Risks, explores and finds limited evidence of legal liability for inclusion of pregnant and lactating women in clinical research, contradicting perceptions of heightened liability. The committee also makes recommendations that could lead to a more robust evidence base about the safety and efficacy of medications for pregnant and lactating women that would facilitate more informed decision making regarding care while mitigating liability.
306 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71688-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71689-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27595
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Advancing Clinical Research with Pregnant and Lactating Populations: Overcoming Real and Perceived Liability Risks. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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At the request of the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, the National Academies convened a committee to examine lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic and mpox multi-country outbreak to inform an evaluation of the state of smallpox research, development, and stockpiling of medical countermeasures (MCM). In the resulting report, the committee presents findings and conclusions that may inform U.S. Government investment decisions in smallpox MCM readiness, as well as the official U.S. position on the disposition of live viral collections at future World Health Assembly meetings.
194 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71737-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71738-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27652
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Future State of Smallpox Medical Countermeasures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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