The annual report of the Committee on Human Rights (CHR) provides an overview of the CHR's activities in 2018, including information on its advocacy, events, and awareness-raising projects.
9 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-08753-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26273
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Committee on Human Rights: Year in Review 2018. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The annual report of the Committee on Human Rights (CHR) provides an overview of the CHR's activities in 2019, including information on its advocacy, events, and awareness-raising projects.
23 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-08754-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26274
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Committee on Human Rights: Year in Review 2019. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Digital technologies provide a means of anticipating, analyzing, and responding to human rights concerns, but they also present human rights challenges. These technologies have expanded opportunities for individuals and organizations to mobilize, document, and advocate, including around human rights and humanitarian crises; however, with these opportunities come certain concerns. Digital technologies have, for instance, been used to spread disinformation, surveil human rights defenders, and promote and incite violence. Discrimination in the use of, and access to, digital technologies presents another serious concern.
On September 18, 2019, the Committee on Human Rights of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine gathered experts in the fields of human rights and digital technology to examine these and other challenges and to explore ways of leveraging digital innovations in a manner that helps protect internationally recognized human rights. Human Rights and Digital Technologies: Proceedings of a Symposium of Scholars and Practitioners briefly summarizes themes discussed at the symposium.
14 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-08757-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26277
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Human Rights and Digital Technologies: Proceedings of a Symposium of Scholars and Practitioners—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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On December 7-8, 2017, the Committee on Human Rights of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine gathered leading scholars and practitioners for a symposium on Protecting the Rights of Individuals Fleeing Conflict: The Role of Scientists, Engineers, and Health Professionals. Participants discussed ongoing efforts to help address difficulties faced by forcibly displaced persons, including scholars forced to flee their homes. Speakers also identified potential areas for further engagement of the academic community in response to these difficulties, highlighting methodological, ethical, and other considerations. The Proceedings of a Symposium briefly summarizes themes discussed at the symposium, with selected examples of participants' work on displacement.
8 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-08756-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26276
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Protecting the Rights of Individuals Fleeing Conflict: The Role of Scientists, Engineers, and Health Professionals: Proceedings of a Symposium—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Interim
At the request of Congress, this report presents findings and recommendations related to governance of the U.S. government's monitoring, detection, and verification (MDV) enterprise and offers findings and recommendations related to technical MDV capabilities and research, development, test, and evaluation efforts, focused in particular on the nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear test explosions, and arms control.
192 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-31434-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-31466-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26088
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control Monitoring, Detection, and Verification: A National Security Priority: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_series
The COVID-19 pandemic is transforming the global economy and significantly shifting workforce demand, requiring quick, adaptive responses. The pandemic has revealed the vulnerabilities of many organizations and regional economies, and it has accelerated trends that could lead to significant improvements in productivity, performance, and resilience, which will enable organizations and regions to thrive in the "next normal." To explore how communities around the United States are addressing workforce issues laid bare by the COVID-19 pandemic and how they are taking advantage of local opportunities to expand their science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) workforces to position them for success going forward, the Board of Higher Education and Workforce of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a series of workshops to identify immediate and near-term regional STEMM workforce needs in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The workshop planning committee identified five U.S. cities and their associated metropolitan areas - Birmingham, Alabama; Boston, Massachusetts; Richmond, Virginia; Riverside, California; and Wichita, Kansas - to host workshops highlighting promising practices that communities can use to respond urgently and appropriately to their STEMM workforce needs. A sixth workshop discussed how the lessons learned during the five region-focused workshops could be applied in other communities to meet STEMM workforce needs.
This proceedings of a virtual workshop series summarizes the presentations and discussions from the six public workshops that made up the virtual workshop series and highlights the key points raised during the presentations, moderated panel discussions and deliberations, and open discussions among the workshop participants.
174 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-25628-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-25631-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26049
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Meeting Regional STEMM Workforce Needs in the Wake of COVID-19: Proceedings of a Virtual Workshop Series. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
While the COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating health and economic impacts in the United States, communities of color, especially Black communities, have been disproportionately affected. On June 23, 2020, the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop to discuss the landscape of COVID-19, including how systemic racism contributes to the disproportionate effects related to infection rates and mortality of this virus and other health conditions. Presenters highlighted relevant research and creative responses from many perspectives, including how Black scientists, engineers, and doctors are contributing to solutions and are ready to do more. National Academies leaders and members also discussed the role of the National Academies in addressing the pandemic and underlying issues of systemic racism that have led to health disparities in the United States. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
96 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-47239-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-47240-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26146
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. COVID-19 and the Present and Future of Black Communities: The Role of Black Physicians, Engineers, and Scientists: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Women play important roles in science, engineering, technology, and mathematics (STEM) in the United States and in Arab countries, but they face challenges related to education and employment. Held October 5-7 2020, this was the second workshop in a series convened by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences. This workshop shared promising practices to increase the inclusion of women in STEM, focusing on gender stereotypes and family roles, retention and career development, and the role of mentorship. The workshop planning committee, comprised of women from the U.S. and Kuwait, identified themes relevant to American and Arab professionals from a wide range of disciplines and career stages, and they organized presentations and discussions around these themes. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
14 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-67736-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26190
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. The Inclusion of Women in STEM: A Joint Workshop of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, and the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis sparked concerns about the vulnerability of supply chains and the significant impact of their disruption on the economy and society within the U.S. and abroad. Issues around global supply chains existed before the pandemic but were also greatly aggravated by it. To consider these issues, the Science and Technology for Sustainability program, in collaboration with the Resilient America Program, Transportation Research Board, and Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, held a series of four virtual workshops on February 3, 4, 17, and 18, 2021.
The workshop series addressed opportunities, challenges and environmental implications of increasing local inclusion and community participation in global value chain networks by using new technologies to strengthen resilience and sustainability in the face of recurring disruptions. The series also explored the feasibility of introducing advanced manufacturing, logistics and decision-making under alternative supply chain scenarios in different sectors, with a view to strengthening the resilience of communities and adopting far more environmentally and economically sustainable consumption and production approaches. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshops.
14 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-67843-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26193
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Sustainable and Resilient Supply Chains Using Emerging Technologies: Policy Options: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
The spring of 2020 marked a change in how almost everyone conducted their personal and professional lives, both within science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) and beyond. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global scientific conferences and individual laboratories and required people to find space in their homes from which to work. It blurred the boundaries between work and non-work, infusing ambiguity into everyday activities. While adaptations that allowed people to connect became more common, the evidence available at the end of 2020 suggests that the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic endangered the engagement, experience, and retention of women in academic STEMM, and may roll back some of the achievement gains made by women in the academy to date.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Careers of Women in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine identifies, names, and documents how the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the careers of women in academic STEMM during the initial 9-month period since March 2020 and considers how these disruptions - both positive and negative - might shape future progress for women. This publication builds on the 2020 report Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine to develop a comprehensive understanding of the nuanced ways these disruptions have manifested. The Impact of COVID-19 on the Careers of Women in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine will inform the academic community as it emerges from the pandemic to mitigate any long-term negative consequences for the continued advancement of women in the academic STEMM workforce and build on the adaptations and opportunities that have emerged.
194 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-26837-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-26861-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26061
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. The Impact of COVID-19 on the Careers of Women in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The Global Research Council (GRC) brings together heads of science and engineering funding agencies from around the world to promote data sharing and best practices, and to support high-quality collaboration. The GRC plays an important role in science diplomacy, namely by promoting and strengthening basic research and international collaboration. To further define the broader role of the GRC in this space and to identify opportunities to advance science diplomacy, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop on March 12, 15, and 16, 2021. Participants explored ways in which science diplomacy can promote basic research; addressed challenges to science diplomacy; and considered future opportunities to advance science diplomacy. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief provides a high-level summary of the workshop discussion.
13 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-66964-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26182
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Science Diplomacy to Promote and Strengthen Basic Research and International Cooperation: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Disasters caused by natural hazards and other large-scale emergencies are devastating communities in the United States. These events harm individuals, families, communities, and the entire country, including its economy and the federal budget. This report identifies applied research topics, information, and expertise that can inform action and opportunities within the natural hazard mitigation and resilience fields with the goal of reducing the immense human and financial toll of disasters.
46 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-45092-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26123
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Enhancing Community Resilience through Social Capital and Connectedness: Stronger Together!. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The world continues to grapple with the profound and unprecedented impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, which by January 2021 had infected more than 90 million people worldwide and taken over 1.9 million lives. The crisis quickly mobilized action by universities, industry, and federal, state, and local governments to organize resources and networks; instigate new partnerships; adapt to changing and uncertain circumstances; and innovate solutions to mounting public health and economic challenges. The crisis has also catalyzed broader conversations about the pace of science, the agility of scientific collaboration and partnership, the importance of international scientific coordination, and the significance of the public value of science.
The Government-University Industry Research Roundtable hosted a virtual workshop on October 14-16, 2020, to consider lessons learned to date about rapid response, innovation, and adaption related to COVID-19, more than 6 months into the global pandemic. The panels, discussions, and breakout sessions connected stakeholders to share how institutions have overcome barriers to accelerating research within and beyond the science community; fostered unprecedented collaboration; and tested the responsiveness and resilience of the research enterprise. The workshop built on a series of workshops held between May and August to consider the emerging challenges of the pandemic. While the long-term impacts of the pandemic on the agility and productivity of the research enterprise are not certain at this juncture, early and continuous reflection on these broad questions by a diverse array of stakeholders is important to future investigative efforts. This publication highlights the presentations of the workshop.
14 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-45823-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26131
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Learning from Rapid Response, Innovation, and Adaptation to the COVID-19 Crisis: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop on November 30-December 2, 2020 to examine scientific progress and gaps in sustainability science around six cross-cutting themes. These themes include the challenges of measuring progress toward sustainability; promoting equity and justice in sustainability efforts; adapting to change; moving beyond incremental change to transformational change; effectively linking knowledge with decision making; and governance of complex nature-society systems. The workshop was designed to explore opportunities for science to contribute to research-based knowledge in sustainability, and to provide scientific input to the National Academy of Sciences Grand Challenges in Science and the Nobel Prize Summit "Our Planet, Our Future," scheduled for April 2021. Invited speakers from academic institutions around the world were selected by the planning committee to discuss opportunities to contribute to research-based knowledge and use that knowledge in decision-making. Workshop participants included approximately 150 invited scholars and nearly 800 registrants from government, the private sector, academia, and non-governmental sector who viewed the virtual workshop. This proceedings in-brief provides a high-level summary of the presentations and discussions that took place.
14 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-38945-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26104
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities for Sustainability Science: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_series
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic. From that moment, leaders of institutions of higher education have had to make quick decisions about how to provide high-quality educational experiences for their students while protecting the health of their students, faculty, and staff and maintaining the fiscal stability of their institutions. Institutions of higher learning took various approaches to the COVID-19 pandemic, which raised two questions: what factors informed decisions at these institutions, and what new initiatives or practices seem to be effective for students during the COVID-19 pandemic? To explore these questions and others regarding the effect of higher education's current COVID-19 response on students in undergraduate and graduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics programs, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a virtual workshop consisting of four online sessions that took place between September 22 and October 6, 2020. Organized by the Board on Science Education and the Board on Higher Education and Workforce, the virtual workshops provided an opportunity for participants from a range of institutions to share strategies and lessons learned. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
64 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-15091-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26024
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Undergraduate and Graduate STEM Students' Experiences During COVID-19: Proceedings of a Virtual Workshop Series. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Federal laboratories play a unique role in the U.S. economy. Research and development conducted at these labs has contributed to the advancement or improvement of such key general-purpose technologies as nuclear energy, computers, the Internet, genomics, satellite navigation, the Global Positioning System, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality. Digital output from federal laboratories includes data, metadata, images, software, code, tools, databases, algorithms, and statistical models. Importantly, these digital products are nonrivalrous, meaning that unlike physical products, they can be copied at little or no cost and used by many without limit or additional cost.
Advancing Commercialization of Digital Products from Federal Laboratories explores opportunities to add economic value to U.S. industry through enhanced utilization of intellectual property around digital products created at federal laboratories. This report examines the current state of commercialization of digital products developed at the federal labs and, to a limited extent, by extramural awardees, to help identify barriers to commercialization and technology transfer, taking into account differences between government-owned, contractor-operated (GOCO) and government-owned, government-operated (GOGO) federal labs.
188 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-68594-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68595-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26006
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Advancing Commercialization of Digital Products from Federal Laboratories. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Over the last few decades, research, activity, and funding has been devoted to improving the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine. In recent years the diversity of those participating in these fields, particularly the participation of women, has improved and there are significantly more women entering careers and studying science, engineering, and medicine than ever before. However, as women increasingly enter these fields they face biases and barriers and it is not surprising that sexual harassment is one of these barriers.
Over thirty years the incidence of sexual harassment in different industries has held steady, yet now more women are in the workforce and in academia, and in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine (as students and faculty) and so more women are experiencing sexual harassment as they work and learn. Over the last several years, revelations of the sexual harassment experienced by women in the workplace and in academic settings have raised urgent questions about the specific impact of this discriminatory behavior on women and the extent to which it is limiting their careers.
Sexual Harassment of Women explores the influence of sexual harassment in academia on the career advancement of women in the scientific, technical, and medical workforce. This report reviews the research on the extent to which women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine are victimized by sexual harassment and examines the existing information on the extent to which sexual harassment in academia negatively impacts the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women pursuing scientific, engineering, technical, and medical careers. It also identifies and analyzes the policies, strategies and practices that have been the most successful in preventing and addressing sexual harassment in these settings.
324 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-30732-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26081
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Harcèlement sexuel des femmes: Climat, culture et conséquences dans les filières universitaires de sciences, d'ingénierie et de médecine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Student wellbeing is foundational to academic success. One recent survey of postsecondary educators found that nearly 80 percent believed emotional wellbeing is a "very" or "extremely" important factor in student success. Studies have found the dropout rates for students with a diagnosed mental health problem range from 43 percent to as high as 86 percent. While dealing with stress is a normal part of life, for some students, stress can adversely affect their physical, emotional, and psychological health, particularly given that adolescence and early adulthood are when most mental illnesses are first manifested. In addition to students who may develop mental health challenges during their time in postsecondary education, many students arrive on campus with a mental health problem or having experienced significant trauma in their lives, which can also negatively affect physical, emotional, and psychological wellbeing.
The nation's institutions of higher education are seeing increasing levels of mental illness, substance use and other forms of emotional distress among their students. Some of the problematic trends have been ongoing for decades. Some have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic consequences. Some are the result of long-festering systemic racism in almost every sphere of American life that are becoming more widely acknowledged throughout society and must, at last, be addressed.
Mental Health, Substance Use, and Wellbeing in Higher Education lays out a variety of possible strategies and approaches to meet increasing demand for mental health and substance use services, based on the available evidence on the nature of the issues and what works in various situations. The recommendations of this report will support the delivery of mental health and wellness services by the nation's institutions of higher education.
212 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-12412-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-12571-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26015
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Mental Health, Substance Use, and Wellbeing in Higher Education: Supporting the Whole Student. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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