Appendix E

List of Collaboration Topics Suggested by Workshop Participants

Overview

Following the joint India-U.S. workshop on technical aspects of civilian nuclear materials security, the workshop organizers from the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and the National Institute for Advanced Studies (NIAS) received from the participants the following suggestions of potential topics and mechanisms for enhanced collaboration between scientists from India and the United States.

This is an initial list of topics generated during the workshop; subsequent topics may follow. The order in which these topics are listed does not in any way imply a prioritization. There are obvious topical overlaps, and overlaps in approaches, which can be further clarified.

This list is based on the technical opportunities identified by the participants, and does not necessarily reflect the desires and priorities of either government.

A. Personnel Reliability and Insider Threats

A1.   Training: Human Reliability Program

A2.   Training: Training Management

A3.   Insider-Insider Protection Program

A4.   Insider/Cyber-Insider Vulnerability Analysis

A5.   Physical Protection-Performance Assurance Program

A6.   Physical-Cybersecurity Integration

B. Cybersecurity

B1.   Cybersecurity guidance for security controls at nuclear power plant facilities

B2.   Cybersecurity guidance for security controls at other types of nuclear facilities

B3.   Cybersecurity guidance for equipment acquisition

B4.   Guidance for cybersecurity self-assessments

B5.   Guidance for administrating and monitoring the performance of firewalls and intrusion detection/protection systems

B6.   Investigate tools, technologies, and approaches for electronic testing of control systems for potential cyber vulnerabilities

B7.   Guidance for deploying and maintaining defensive architectures

B8.   Sharing/Exporting cybersecurity technologies

B9.   Sharing threat and vulnerability information

B10.   Guidance on cybersecurity inspection procedures

B11.   Guidance on separation of duties for key information system insiders

B12.   Guidance on how to integrate physical and cybersecurity programs

C. Nuclear Forensics

C1.   Detection of uranium and plutonium in environmental matrices

C2.   Age-dating of uranium-rich materials

C3.   Round robin sample exchange

C4.   National nuclear forensic libraries

D. Modeling and Simulations (Vulnerability Assessments)

D1.   Methodology Tool Types: applications, strengths and weaknesses

D2.   Training

D3.   A path forward for possible joint cooperation

E. Physical Security

E1.   Guard Forces: Composition, Training, Testing, Rotation, etc.

E2.   Technologies for Physical Protection

E3.   Integration of Technologies and Methodologies to Physical Protection

E4.   Physical Protection as part of a systems approach to facility security (including personnel reliability programs, vulnerability assessments, etc.)

F. Material Measurements and Characterizations

F1.   Material measurements and characterizations

F2.   How they fit into materials characterization and accounting methodologies

G. Safety, Security, Safeguards

G1.   Develop technology-neutral methods for estimating the frequency of attack for security

G2.   Harmonize metrics for consequences between nuclear security and nuclear safety/safeguards

G3.   Develop secure information technologies that would permit communication resources at a nuclear installation to be jointly used for safeguards and security

POSSIBLE MECHANISMS FOR FURTHER COOPERATION

•   Training courses, either joint, reciprocal, phased, integrated, etc.

•   Visiting scholars programs for students and/or young professionals at universities or laboratories

•   Longer-term technical exchanges of experts to laboratories for joint work

•   Workshops, either facilitated by the laboratories, NAS-NIAS, or other appropriate groups

•   Site visits for specific scientific/technical purposes with well-defined objectives