| AAMC | American Association of Medical Colleges |
| AAS | American Astronomical Society |
| AAUP | American Association of University Professors |
| ADVANCE | Organizational Change for Gender Equity in STEM Academic Professions |
| AGU | American Geophysical Union |
| AHN | Native American/Alaskan/Hawaiian |
| AIP | American Institute of Physics |
| AO | announcement of opportunity |
| ARC | Ames Research Center |
| B&P | bid and proposal |
| BOSE | Board on Science Education |
| BPC | Broadening Participation in Computing |
| BUILD | Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity |
| CDR | Critical Design Review |
| CEOSE | Committee on Equal Opportunities in Science and Engineering |
| CI | Cooperative Institute |
| CISE | Computer and Information Science and Engineering |
| CML | concept maturity level |
| Co-I | co-investigator |
| CSR | Concept Study Report |
| CV | curriculum vitae |
| CYGNSS | Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System |
| DAPR | Dual Anonymous Peer Review |
| DEI | diversity, equity, and inclusion |
| DEIA | diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility |
| DMR | Division of Materials Research |
| DoD | Department of Defense |
| DOE | Department of Energy |
| DPS | Division of Planetary Science |
| EPP | Educational Partnership Program |
| EV | Earth Venture |
| EV-C | Earth Venture Continuity |
| EV-I | Earth Venture Instrument |
| EV-M | Earth Venture Mission |
| EV-S | Earth Venture Suborbital |
| FAR | Federal Acquisitions Regulation |
| FFRDC | federally funded research and development center |
| FINESST | Future Investigators in NASA Earth and Space Science and Technology |
| FUSE | Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer |
| GOES | Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites |
| GOLD | Geosciences Opportunity for Leadership in Diversity |
| GRAIL | Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory |
| GSFC | Goddard Space Flight Center |
| HBCU | Historically Black College or University |
| HBCU-EiR | Historically Black Colleges and Universities Excellence in Research |
| HEOMD | Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate |
| HQ | Headquarters |
| HSI | Hispanic-Serving Institution |
| IDeA | Institutional Development Award |
| IDS | Interdisciplinary Research Science |
| INBRE | IdeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence |
| INCLUDES | Inclusion across the Nation of Communities of Learners of Underrepresented Discoverers in Engineering and Sciences |
| IRACDA | Institutional Research and Academic Career Development Awards |
| IRAD | Internal Research and Development |
| IRG | Interdisciplinary Research Group |
| ITAR | International Traffic in Arms Regulations |
| JHU/APL | Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory |
| JPL | Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
| LaRC | Langley Research Center |
| LASP | Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (University of Colorado Boulder) |
| LGBTQ+ | lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer |
| LPSC | Lunar and Planetary Science Conference |
| MARC | Maximizing Access to Research Careers |
| MDAA | Mission Directorate Associate Administrator |
| MDR | Mission Definition Review |
| MIDEX | Medium-Class Explorer |
| MIRO | MUREP Institutional Research Opportunity |
| MoO | mission of opportunity (also MO) |
| MOSAIC | Maximizing Opportunities for Scientific and Independent Careers |
| MRSEC | Materials Research Science and Engineering Center |
| MSI | Minority Serving Institution |
| MUCERPI | Minority University and College Education and Research Partnership Initiative |
| MUREP | Minority University Research and Education Programs |
| NAC | NASA Advisory Council |
| NARCH | Native American Research Centers for Health |
| NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| NCAS | NASA Community College Aerospace Scholars |
| NCES | National Center for Education Statistics |
| NEAR | Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous |
| NEC | NIH Equity Committee |
| NHLBI | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute |
| NIGMS | National Institute of General Medical Sciences |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health |
| NOAA | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
| NRC | National Research Council |
| NRMN | NIH National Research Mentoring Network |
| NSF | National Science Foundation |
| NSPIRES | NASA Solicitation and Proposal Integrated Review and Evaluation System |
| ODEO | Office of Diversity and Equal Opportunity |
| OECR | Office of Equity and Civil Rights |
| OPM | Office of Personnel Management |
| OSTEM | Office of STEM Engagement |
| OSTP | Office of Science and Technology Policy |
| PDR | Preliminary Design Review |
| PEA | Program Element Appendix |
| PhD | doctor of philosophy |
| PI | principal investigator |
| PM | project manager |
| PREM | Partnerships for Research and Education and Materials |
| PSE | project systems engineer |
| R&A | research and analysis |
| R&D | research and development |
| RaMP | Research and Mentoring for Postbaccalaureates in Biological Sciences |
| REM | Research Experience and Mentoring |
| RENEW | Reaching a New Energy Sciences Workforce |
| RFI | request for information |
| RFP | request for proposal |
| ROSES | Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences |
| S&E | science and engineering |
| SAC | STEM Advisory Council |
| SALMON | Stand-Alone Missions of Opportunity |
| SAMPEX | Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer |
| SIMPLEX | Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration |
| SMART | Space Mission Architecture and Risk Analysis Tool |
| SMD | Science Mission Directorate (NASA) |
| SMD AA | Associate Administrator for the Science Mission Directorate |
| SMEX | Small Explorer |
| SOMA | Science Office for Mission Assessments |
| SSB | Space Studies Board |
| STEM | science, technology, engineering, and mathematics |
| STMD | Space Technology Mission Directorate |
| SWAS | Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite |
| SWRI | Southwest Research Institute |
| T&C | term and condition |
| TCU | Tribal College and University |
| TMC | technical, management, and cost |
| TRL | technology readiness level |
| URM | underrepresented minority |
| WBS | work breakdown structure |
| W/M | woman/man |