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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy (2023)

Chapter: Appendix M: Estimated Energy Requirements by Body Weight Status

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Previous Chapter: Appendix L: National Survey Data from the United States and Canada

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Suggested Citation: "Appendix M: Estimated Energy Requirements by Body Weight Status." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26818.

Appendix M

Estimated Energy Requirements by Body Weight Status

TABLE M-1 Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) for Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese U.S. Boys Aged 3–18 Based on Median Height and Weight for Each Age Group

TABLE M-2 Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) for Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese U.S. Girls Aged 3–18 Based on Median Height and Weight for Each Age Group

TABLE M-3 Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) for Overall Population, Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Adult U.S. Men Based on Median Height and Weight for Each Age Group

TABLE M-4 Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) for Overall Population, Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Adult U.S. Women Based on Median Height and Weight for Each Age Group

TABLE M-5 Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) for Overall Population, Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Canadian Boys Aged 3–18 Based on Median Height and Weight for Each Age Group

TABLE M-6 Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) for Overall Population, Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Canadian Girls Aged 3–18 Based on Median Height and Weight for Each Age Group

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TABLE M-7 Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) for Overall Population, Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Adult Canadian Men Based on Median Height and Weight for Each Age Group

TABLE M-8 Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) for Overall Population, Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Adult Canadian Women Based on Median Height and Weight for Each Age Group

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UNITED STATES

TABLE M-1 Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) for Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese U.S. Boys Aged 3–18 Based on Median Height and Weight for Each Age Group

Age Group^c (y)	Reference Values^a				EER (kcal/d)^b
Age Group^c (y)	Height (cm)	Height (in.)	Weight (kg)	Weight (lb)	Inactive PAL^d	Low Active PAL	Active PAL	Very Active PAL
Underweight^e
3^f	95.6^g	37.6	13.1	28.8	1,000	1,140	1,121	1,134
4–8	120.2	47.3	20.8	45.8	1,427	1,514	1,596	1,698
9–13	148.2	58.3	31.2	68.6	1,956	1,995	2,192	2,398
14–18	173.3	68.2	49.1	108.0	2,532	2,588	2,889	3,214
Normal weight
3	94.9	37.4	14.3	31.5	1,006	1,158	1,137	1,151
4–8	118.1	46.5	21.3	46.9	1,406	1,506	1,580	1,677
9–13	147.0	57.9	37.1	81.6	2,018	2,104	2,297	2,517
14–18	172.3	67.8	61.9	136.2	2,687	2,839	3,138	3,496
Overweight
3	97.7	38.5	16.9	37.2	1,077	1,235	1,226	1,255
4–8	121.2	47.7	26.2	57.6	1,511	1,632	1,719	1,839
9–13	145.6	57.3	45.6	100.3	2,112	2,264	2,454	2,693
14–18	174.9	68.9	77.6	170.7	2,927	3,179	3,493	3,901
Obese
3	98.2	38.7	18.1	39.8	1,099	1,264	1,256	1,290
4–8	126.1	49.6	34.7	76.3	1,686	1,847	1,955	2,112
9–13	152.8	60.2	64.3	141.5	2,451	2,706	2,927	3,239
14–18	174.1	68.5	96.1	211.4	3,160	3,548	3,861	4,319

NOTE: cm = centimeter; d = day; in. = inch; lb = pound; kcal = kilocalorie; kg = kilogram; PAL = physical activity level; y = year.

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TABLE M-2 Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) for Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese U.S. Girls Aged 3–18 Based on Median Height and Weight for Each Age Group

Age Group^c (y)	Reference Values^a				EER (kcal/d)^b
Age Group^c (y)	Height (cm)	Height (in.)	Weight (kg)	Weight (lb)	Inactive PAL^d	Low Active PAL	Active PAL	Very Active PAL
Underweight^e
3^f	93.7^g	36.9	11.2	24.6	985	1,012	1,064	1,105
4–8	117.6	46.3	18.7	41.1	1,248	1,361	1,416	1,581
9–13	149.1	58.7	27.0	59.4	1,559	1,789	1,841	2,177
14–18	161.6	63.6	42.5	93.5	1,807	2,056	2,151	2,504
Normal weight
3	93.5	36.8	14.0	30.8	1,031	1,051	1,113	1,142
4–8	115.8	45.6	20.6	45.3	1,265	1,366	1,429	1,575
9–13	146.0	57.5	37.5	82.5	1,712	1,905	1,997	2,270
14–18	161.6	63.6	55.5	122.1	2,029	2,248	2,390	2,690
Overweight
3	93.8	36.9	15.4	33.9	1,057	1,075	1,142	1,167
4–8	118.2	46.5	25.5	56.1	1,369	1,469	1,547	1,689
9–13	152.7	60.1	53.7	118.1	2,045	2,229	2,373	2,623
14–18	161.6	63.6	70.8	155.8	2,290	2,473	2,670	2,908
Obese
3	95.7	37.7	17.3	38.1	1,106	1,128	1,200	1,229
4–8	122.1	48.1	32.1	70.6	1,514	1,616	1,714	1,854
9–13	152.7	60.1	66.5	146.3	2,263	2,417	2,608	2,805
14–18	161.6	63.6	88.0	193.6	2,584	2,726	2,986	3,153

NOTE: cm = centimeter; d = day; in. = inch; lb = pound; kcal = kilocalorie; kg = kilogram; PAL = physical activity level; y = year.

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TABLE M-3 Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) for Overall Population, Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Adult U.S. Men Based on Median Height and Weight for Each Age Group

Age Group^c (y)	Reference Values^a				EER (kcal/d)^b
Age Group^c (y)	Height (cm)	Height (in.)	Weight (kg)	Weight (lb)	Inactive PAL^d	Low Active PAL	Active PAL	Very Active PAL
Underweight^e
19–30	176.1^f	69.3	54.2	119.2	2,391	2,582	2,745	2,996
31–50	176.3	69.4	54.7	120.3	2,237	2,429	2,591	2,846
51–70	174.9	68.9	53.9	118.6	2,000	2,189	2,353	2,593
> 70	172.2	67.8	51.7	113.7	1,735	1,917	2,084	2,292
19+	175.4	69.1	54.3	119.5	2,117	2,307	2,471	2,716
Normal weight
19–30	176.1	69.3	68.5	150.7	2,593	2,796	2,972	3,269
31–50	175.9	69.3	71	156.2	2,464	2,669	2,848	3,152
51–70	174.2	68.6	69.9	153.8	2,221	2,422	2,603	2,887
> 70	170.5	67.1	65.8	144.8	1,923	2,113	2,297	2,535
19+	175.1	68.9	69.3	152.5	2,327	2,529	2,708	2,998
Overweight
19–30	176.1	69.3	83.3	183.3	2,802	3,017	3,208	3,552
31–50	175.7	69.2	84.9	186.8	2,659	2,875	3,068	3,414
51–70	174.6	68.7	83	182.6	2,408	2,621	2,814	3,144
> 70	171.3	67.4	80.1	176.2	2,130	2,334	2,530	2,820
19+	175.0	68.9	83.5	183.7	2,526	2,740	2,933	3,268
Obese
19–30	176.2	69.4	107.2	235.8	3,139	3,375	3,588	4,010
31–50	176.9	69.6	106.9	235.2	2,977	3,214	3,426	3,853
51–70	175.3	69.0	104.2	229.2	2,712	2,943	3,156	3,560
> 70	173.2	68.2	100.3	220.7	2,427	2,651	2,863	3,236
19+	175.9	69.3	105	231.0	2,835	3,069	3,281	3,693

NOTE: cm = centimeter; d = day; in. = inch; lb = pound; kcal = kilocalorie; kg = kilogram; PAL = physical activity level; y = year.

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TABLE M-4 Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) for Overall Population, Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Adult U.S. Women Based on Median Height and Weight for Each Age Group

Age Group^c (y)	Reference Values^a				EER (kcal/d)^b
Age Group^c (y)	Height (cm)	Height (in.)	Weight (kg)	Weight (lb)	Inactive PAL^d	Low Active PAL	Active PAL	Very Active PAL
Underweight^e
19–30	162.7^f	64.1	45.8	100.8	1,877	2,030	2,164	2,388
31–50	162.5	64.0	45.2	99.4	1,763	1,917	2,050	2,273
51–70	160.8	63.3	48.2	106.0	1,648	1,802	1,936	2,155
> 70	156.8	61.7	35.8	78.8	1,340	1,484	1,617	1,823
19+	161.2	63.5	47.1	103.6	1,708	1,861	1,995	2,215
Normal weight
19–30	162.8	64.1	57.6	126.7	2,015	2,174	2,310	2,536
31–50	162.9	64.2	59.5	130.9	1,933	2,093	2,230	2,457
51–70	161.3	63.5	59.2	130.2	1,780	1,938	2,075	2,298
> 70	157.2	61.9	54.8	120.6	1,565	1,717	1,854	2,065
19+	161.8	63.7	58.4	128.5	1,844	2,002	2,139	2,362
Overweight
19–30	162.8	64.1	71.1	156.4	2,173	2,338	2,477	2,706
31–50	162.1	63.8	71.6	157.5	2,070	2,234	2,374	2,601
51–70	160.9	63.3	70.9	156.0	1,915	2,078	2,217	2,441
> 70	156.7	61.7	67.3	148.1	1,709	1,866	2,005	2,218
19+	160.9	63.3	70.8	155.8	1,984	2,147	2,286	2,510
Obese
19–30	162.0	63.8	94.1	207.0	2,438	2,612	2,756	2,988
31–50	162.5	64.0	94.6	208.1	2,342	2,516	2,660	2,893
51–70	160.5	63.2	91.2	200.6	2,150	2,322	2,465	2,692
> 70	157.0	61.8	83.6	183.9	1,901	2,066	2,208	2,425
19+	161.1	63.4	91.9	202.2	2,232	2,404	2,547	2,777

NOTE: cm = centimeter; d = day; in. = inch; lb = pound; kcal = kilocalorie; kg = kilogram; PAL = physical activity level; y = year.

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CANADA

Age Group^c (y)	Reference Values^a				EER (kcal/d)^b
Age Group^c (y)	Height (cm)	Height (in.)	Weight (kg)	Weight (lb)	Inactive PAL^d	Low Active PAL	Active PAL	Very Active PAL
Underweight^e
3^f	100.1^g	39.4	13.6	29.9	1,065	1,189	1,188	1,215
4–8	121.0	47.6	18.5	40.7	1,407	1,474	1,559	1,656
9–13	148.3	58.4	30.7	67.5	1,951	1,986	2,183	2,388
14–18	174.7	68.8	53.4	117.5	2,606	2,687	2,995	3,336
Normal weight
3	100.2	39.4	15.5	34.1	1,091	1,228	1,229	1,261
4–8	120.5	47.4	21.9	48.2	1,445	1,539	1,622	1,728
9–13	147.7	58.1	38.0	83.6	2,039	2,128	2,325	2,549
14–18	174.9	68.9	64.1	141.0	2,750	2,906	3,216	3,587
Overweight
3	101.7	40.0	17.9	39.4	1,142	1,290	1,297	1,340
4–8	122.9	48.4	27.3	60.1	1,547	1,669	1,763	1,890
9–13	151.5	59.6	52.3	115.1	2,277	2,451	2,665	2,940
14–18	173.9	68.5	78.5	172.7	2,926	3,189	3,498	3,907
Obese
3	97.0	38.2	17.8	39.2	1,080	1,247	1,235	1,265
4–8	126.1	49.6	34.0	74.8	1,677	1,833	1941	2,095
9–13	152.9	60.2	63.3	139.3	2,440	2,686	2,908	3,217
14–18	174.0	68.5	96.8	213.0	3,168	3,561	3,874	4,334

NOTE: cm = centimeter; d = day; in. = inch; lb = pound; kcal = kilocalorie; kg = kilogram; PAL = physical activity level; y = year.

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Age Group^c (y)	Reference Values^a				EER (kcal/d)^b
Age Group^c (y)	Height (cm)	Height (in.)	Weight (kg)	Weight (lb)	Inactive PAL^d	Low Active PAL	Active PAL	Very Active PAL
Underweight^e
3^f	99.5^g	39.2	13.2	29.0	1,068	1,116	1,169	1,240
4–8	118.7	46.7	17.8	39.2	1,242	1,362	1,412	1,588
9–13	149.5	58.9	26.5	58.3	1,553	1,787	1,837	2,177
14–18	164	64.6	43.3	95.3	1,841	2,099	2,194	2,560
Normal weight
3	99.4	39.1	15.3	33.7	1,068	1,116	1,169	1,240
4–8	117.8	46.4	21.2	46.6	1,242	1,362	1,412	1,588
9–13	148.6	58.5	38.6	84.9	1,553	1,787	1,837	2,177
14–18	164.2	64.6	55.9	123.0	1,841	2,099	2,194	2,560
Overweight
3	100.9	39.7	17.8	39.2	1,158	1,201	1,270	1,331
4–8	119.7	47.1	25.2	55.4	1,376	1,484	1,559	1,712
9–13	152.5	60.0	52.6	115.7	2,024	2,210	2,351	2,604
14–18	162.1	63.8	70.6	155.3	2,291	2,476	2,672	2,914
Obese
3	98.5	38.8	20	44.0	1,176	1,203	1,282	1,318
4–8	126.3	49.7	34.1	75.0	1,584	1,699	1,800	1,959
9–13	155.6	61.3	68.3	150.3	2,318	2,481	2,675	2,884
14–18	162.4	63.9	86.5	190.3	2,565	2,714	2,967	3,146

NOTE: cm = centimeter; d = day; in. = inch; lb = pound; kcal = kilocalorie; kg = kilogram; PAL = physical activity level; y = year.

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TABLE M-7 Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) for Overall Population, Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Adult Canadian Men Based on Median Height and Weight for Each Age Group

Age Group^c (y)	Reference Values^a				EER (kcal/d)^b
Age Group^c (y)	Height (cm)	Height (in.)	Weight (kg)	Weight (lb)	Inactive PAL^d	Low Active PAL	Active PAL	Very Active PAL
Underweight^e
19–30	178.4^f	70.2	54.6	120.1	2,412	2,607	2,766	3,040
31–50	176.4	69.4	53.9	118.6	2,226	2,418	2,579	2,833
51–70	174.5	68.7	—	—	—	—	—	—
> 70	171.5	67.5	—	—	—	—	—	—
19+	175.9	69.3	54.6	120.1	2,125	2,316	2,479	2,730
Normal weight
19–30	177.6	69.9	70.8	155.8	2,635	2,843	3,018	3,337
31–50	176.7	69.6	72.0	158.4	2,484	2,691	2,869	3,183
51–70	174.4	68.7	70.2	154.4	2,227	2,428	2,609	2,896
> 70	172.7	68.0	69.0	151.8	1,982	2,179	2,362	2,630
19+	176.4	69.4	71.0	156.2	2,359	2,565	2,743	3,051
Overweight
19–30	179.0	70.5	87.2	191.8	2,875	3,099	3,289	3,672
31–50	176.0	69.3	84.1	185.0	2,650	2,866	3,057	3,403
51–70	174.6	68.7	83.2	183.0	2,411	2,624	2,817	3,148
> 70	170.7	67.2	80.9	178.0	2,137	2,341	2,539	2,826
19+	175.7	69.2	84.2	185.2	2,541	2,756	2,949	3,292
Obese
19–30	179.9	70.8	106.3	233.9	3151	3,392	3,598	4,051
31–50	176.6	69.5	103.3	227.3	2924	3,157	3,367	3,780
51–70	174.3	68.6	100.6	221.3	2655	2,881	3,092	3,476
> 70	171.7	67.6	97.1	213.6	2372	2,591	2,803	3,152
19+	175.7	69.2	102.6	225.7	2800	3,031	3,241	3,644

NOTE: cm = centimeter; d = day; in. = inch; lb = pound; kcal = kilocalorie; kg = kilogram; PAL = physical activity level; y = year.

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TABLE M-8 Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) for Overall Population, Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Adult Canadian Women Based on Median Height and Weight for Each Age Group

Age Group^c (y)	Reference Values^a				EER (kcal/d)^b
Age Group^c (y)	Height (cm)	Height (in.)	Weight (kg)	Weight (lb)	Inactive PAL^d	Low Active PAL	Active PAL	Very Active PAL
Underweight^e
19–30	163.4^{^f}	64.3	43.9	96.6	1858	2012	2145	2370
31–50	163.2	64.3	50.0	110.0	1824	1979	2114	2340
51–70	160.4	63.1	41.1	90.4	1563	1713	1846	2062
> 70	157.8	62.1	40.7	89.5	1403	1551	1684	1893
19+	162.1	63.8	44.7	98.3	1685	1838	1971	2193
Normal weight
19–30	163.9	64.5	59.2	130.2	2040	2201	2337	2567
31–50	163.4	64.3	58.6	128.9	1925	2085	2222	2449
51–70	161.0	63.4	58.2	128.0	1767	1924	2061	2282
> 70	157.6	62.0	57.2	125.8	1595	1750	1886	2099
19+	162.3	63.9	58.5	128.7	1848	2007	2143	2368
Overweight
19–30	162.2	63.9	71.4	157.1	2174	2338	2477	2705
31–50	163.0	64.2	71.8	158.0	2078	2243	2382	2612
51–70	160.4	63.1	70.0	154.0	1901	2064	2202	2425
> 70	158.3	62.3	69.5	152.9	1743	1903	2042	2260
19+	161.5	63.6	70.7	155.5	1986	2149	2288	2514
Obese
19–30	164.4	64.7	97.1	213.6	2487	2664	2808	3047
31–50	163.3	64.3	93.9	206.6	2338	2513	2657	2892
51–70	160.3	63.1	89.5	196.9	2129	2300	2442	2669
> 70	156.7	61.7	81.5	179.3	1875	2039	2180	2396
19+	162.1	63.8	90.9	200.0	2226	2399	2542	2773