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First Images from Vera C. Rubin Observatory Debut at National Academy of Sciences

Feature Story

Space, Security and Conflicts

By Josh Blatt

Last update June, 24 2025

In this immense image NSF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory offers a brand new view of two old friends: the Trifid and Lagoon Nebulae. The image provides a demonstration of what makes Rubin unique: its combination of an extremely wide field of view and the speed that allows it to take lots of big images in a very short time. Combining images reveals subtle details in the clouds of gas and dust. The more images we can combine, the more detail we see!  This almost 5-gigapixel image combines 678 exposures taken in just 7.2 hours of observing time, and was composed from about two trillion pixels of data in total. No other observatory is capable of producing an image of such a wide area so quickly and with this much depth.  The Trifid Nebula (also referred to as Messier 20) is a standout in the sky. It’s a bright, colorful cloud of gas and dust about 5,000 light-years away in the constellation Sagittarius. What makes it especially striking is the combination of features packed into one place: a glowing pink emission nebula, a cool blue reflection nebula, and dark dust lanes that split it into three sections — hence the name “Trifid.” Inside, new stars are forming and blasting out strong winds and radiation, carving up the gas around them. It gives us a dramatic glimpse at how massive stars shape their surroundings even as they’re being born. Below the Trifid Nebula in this image is the Lagoon Nebula (or Messier 8), another vibrant stellar nursery glowing about 4,000 light-years away. You can actually spot the Lagoon with just a pair of binoculars or a small telescope. At its heart is a cluster of young, massive stars — their intense radiation lights up the surrounding gas and shapes the swirling clouds into intricate patterns. The Lagoon nebula provides scientists with a great place to study the earliest stages of star formation — how giant clouds collapse, how star clusters take shape, and how newborn stars start to reshape their environment.  This expansive image of Trifid and Lagoon together exposes an intricate web of dust lanes and star clusters that make this part of the Milky Way come alive with cosmic activity. The exquisite detail in the structure of the nebulosity shown here  demonstrates the exceptional quality of Rubin’s entire system — from its light-collecting power, to its sensitive camera, to its efficient data transfer and processing system. Over ten years, Rubin Observatory will take millions of images and will image each place in the sky, including this one, about 800 times.  Every time we look at the Universe in a new way, we discover new things we never could have predicted — and with Rubin we will see more than we ever have before. The image was captured by Rubin Observatory using the 3200-megapixel LSST Camera — the largest digital camera in the world.

Credit: NSF–DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory

Project scientists displayed an extraordinary set of ultra-high-definition images and videos for the first time — showcasing both the exploratory and precision capabilities of the recently constructed Vera C. Rubin Observatory. The “First Look” event, held yesterday at the National Academy of Sciences building in Washington, D.C., previewed panoramic views of space, detailed images of nebulae, and 2,100 newly discovered asteroids.  

The Rubin Observatory, a joint venture of the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation, was built on a mountain in northern Chile to take advantage of clear skies and minimal light pollution. The observatory will conduct a 10-year survey by scanning the Southern Hemisphere’s entire night sky every three to four days, presenting an unprecedented view of the universe and a trove of astronomical and cosmological data that researchers around the world will make use of.  

This first-of-a-kind observatory, which contains the world’s largest digital camera, will help expand our understanding of the universe, chronicle its evolution, and explore the mysteries of dark energy and dark matter. The facility was recommended in the National Academies’ 2010 decadal survey.  

“It is very satisfying to see the recommendation from the National Academies’ decadal come to fruition through the hard work of the scientists and technologists, with federal funding for science,” said Arul Mozhi, acting director of the Space Studies Board and Board on Physics and Astronomy at the National Academies. “The Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s First Look images and discoveries are awe inspiring and are sure to continue inspiring current and future scientists for a long time.”  

The observatory’s namesake, Vera C. Rubin, was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a pioneering astronomer whose research and observations uncovered the clearest evidence of the existence of dark matter.  

For additional information and images, visit https://rubinobservatory.org/news/first-imagery-rubin.  

It is very satisfying to see the recommendation from the National Academies’ decadal come to fruition through the hard work of the scientists and technologists, with federal funding for science

Arul Mozhi
Acting director of the Space Studies Board and Board on Physics and Astronomy at the National Academies

For additional information and images, visit:

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