The National Academies will perform a "state of the science" review of nuclear medicine and will provide findings and recommendations on the following issues: o Future needs for radiopharmaceutical development for the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. o Future needs for computational and instrument development for more precise localization of radiotracers in normal and aberrant cell physiologies. o National impediments to the efficient entry of promising new radiopharmaceutical compounds into clinical feasibility studies and strategies to overcome them. o Impacts of shortages of isotopes and highly trained radiopharmaceutical chemists and other nuclear medicine scientists on nuclear medicine basic and translational research, drug discovery, patient care, and short- and long-term strategies to alleviate these shortages if they exist.In light of these future needs, the National Academies should examine the Medical Applications and Measurement Sciences program and make recommendations to improve its research and isotope production impacts on nuclear medicine. These recommendations should address both research thrusts and facility capabilities but should not address program management issues.The approximate start date for the project is April 1, 2006. The project is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. A report will be issued at the end of the project in approximately 13 months.Note: The project duration has been extended. The report is expected to be issued by late July or early August 2007.