Scientists have long desired to create artificial systems that function with the precision and efficiency of biological systems. Researchers are now uncovering principles that could allow the creation of synthetic materials that can perform tasks as precisely as biological systems can. This book presents a discussion of principles governing biomaterial design, a description of advanced materials for selected functions such as energy and national security, an assessment of biomolecular materials research tools, and an examination of infrastructure and resources for bridging biological and materials science.