The use of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluroalkyl substances (PFAS)–fluorinated organic compounds that appear in such materials as firefighting foams, cleaning products, and coatings to treat carpeting, packaging, and cookware–has led to widespread environmental contamination. The first workshop of the Environmental Health Matters Initiative (EHMI) explored human exposure to PFAS, discussed options for controlling PFAS exposures, and considered innovative approaches for preventing PFAS exposures. The ultimate goal was to highlight what various sectors can do to advance our understanding of the extent of human exposure to PFAS and to reduce or prevent PFAS exposure.