An expert committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a public symposium in conjunction with the September 2019 meeting of the Roundtable on Aligning Incentives for Open Science. The symposium explored current barriers to adopting open science practices and how they might be addressed, with a primary focus on researcher adoption of open science practices such as sharing data and code, preregistration of studies, enabling replication and reproducibility, preprint posting, and utilizing open publishing platforms. A Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief was prepared by a designated rapporteur in accordance with institutional guidelines.