Consensus
Building on the innovative Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human and Crossing the Quality Chasm, Quality Through Collaboration: The Future of Rural Health offers a strategy to address the quality challenges in rural communities.
Rural America is a vital, diverse component of the American community, representing nearly 20% of the population of the United States. Rural communities are heterogeneous and differ in population density, remoteness from urban areas, and the cultural norms of the regions of which they are a part. As a result, rural communities range in their demographics and environmental, economic, and social characteristics. These differences influence the magnitude and types of health problems these communities face.
Quality Through Collaboration: The Future of Rural Health assesses the quality of health care in rural areas and provides a framework for core set of services and essential infrastructure to deliver those services to rural communities. The book recommends:
It is critical that existing and new resources be deployed strategically, recognizing the need to improve both the quality of individual-level care and the health of rural communities and populations.
288 pages
·
6 x 9
·
hardcover
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-58877-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/11140
Institute of Medicine. 2005. Quality Through Collaboration: The Future of Rural Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Culverts are buried drainage structures underneath roadways or embankments that are open at both ends and used to convey and transport water. They can often be vulnerable to accelerated deterioration when there is more frequent severe weather, which can lead to a suite of costly unplanned repairs, rehabilitation projects, or full replacements.
NCHRP Synthesis 651: Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents management and maintenance practices used by state departments of transportation (DOTs) to enhance resiliency of existing roadway and embankment culverts.
154 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99294-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99295-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29134
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices to Enhance Resiliency of Existing Roadway and Embankment Culverts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Consensus
Society will not fully benefit from development and use of future discoveries and innovations if we do not provide full access and opportunity to engage in effective STEM education - and we may lack the information, tools, and resources needed to address future challenges facing our planet. Commonly used methods of teaching undergraduate STEM education benefit only a relatively small percentage of learners, leading many to choose not to enroll in STEM courses or pursue STEM careers. This trend severely limits participation in the STEM careers that play a critical role in our nation's prosperity. High quality instruction, learning, and engagement in STEM should be a key priority for colleges and universities across the United States.
Transforming Undergraduate STEM Education: Supporting Equitable and Effective Teaching calls on leaders of institutions and academic units, instructors, and other stakeholders to leverage their important roles to improve the landscape of undergraduate STEM education so that all students can thrive. As one step toward addressing inequities and transforming undergraduate STEM education, this report presents a set of Principles for Equitable and Effective Teaching. These Principles provide guidance for instruction that draw on decades of research on teaching, learning and equity. Transforming Undergraduate STEM Education provides guidance for improving teaching and related changes to the institutional context that are needed to support instructors and enable student-centered undergraduate STEM education.
388 pages
·
6 x 9
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72998-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72999-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28268
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Transforming Undergraduate STEM Education: Supporting Equitable and Effective Teaching. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Consensus
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio Regulations are an internationally agreed treaty that regulates use of the radio spectrum. The regulations consist of more than 2,500 pages of individual articles, appendices, and resolutions. The rapidly evolving nature of radiocommunications technologies, applications, and needs demands that these regulations be updated. However, the large, complex, and intertwined nature of radio spectrum usage necessitates that such updates be very carefully considered, and typically incremental in nature. To enact such updates, the ITU convenes World Radio Communication Conferences (WRCs), currently held every 4 years, with specific agenda items considering targeted changes to the regulations. During the years leading up to each WRC, the agenda items are subject to detailed study at the national and international level, with careful consideration given to the implications of each proposed change to potentially affected uses of the radio spectrum. This report is intended as a resource for those involved in the 2027 WRC and its precursor meetings in the coming years. It provides not only a summary of the scientific uses of the regions of the spectrum that may be affected by each agenda item (either directly or indirectly through out-of-band or harmonic emissions), but also carefully considers recommendations regarding appropriate measures to protect those uses.
220 pages
·
6 x 9
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73178-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73179-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28596
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Views of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on Agenda Items at Issue at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2027. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Workshop
Quantum networks are at the center of recent advances in quantum information, communication, and computation. These networks can be used to simulate complex materials and study the emergence of order in many-body systems. To explore new capabilities on the frontiers of engineered coherent matter that these systems might provide, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Condensed Matter and Materials Research Committee held a hybrid in-person and online workshop in Washington, DC on October 3, 2024. The workshop reviewed the rapidly emerging implementations of these systems and their relation to fundamental problems and applications in condensed matter physics, materials science, and quantum information. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
110 pages
·
7 x 10
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73474-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73475-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29052
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Frontiers of Engineered Coherent Matter and Systems: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
State departments of transportation (DOTs) and local agencies are utilizing uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) in day-to-day operations such as traffic incident management, mapping, bridge and structure inspections, geographic information systems, environmental requirements, and a variety of other uses. Additionally, external developments on package delivery via UAS and advanced air mobility (AAM) raise issues about their safe operation over state and local rights-of-way and needed ground infrastructure and airspace management.
NCHRP Research Report 1147: Implementation of Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Operational Capabilities: A Guide, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, presents state-of-the-art information and provides recommendations based on the latest developments in UAS and AAM technologies, along with practical use cases and applications. The findings will serve as a valuable resource for state DOTs and other public transportation agencies.
Supplemental to this report is NCHRP Web-Only Document 424: Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Operational Capabilities.
128 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99287-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99288-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29132
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Implementation of Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Operational Capabilities: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
State departments of transportation (DOTs) are self-reporting the use of uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) across various use cases for data collection, asset inspection, and incident response. The maturity of implementation of UAS across state DOTs varies from initial exploration of the technologies to robust UAS programs facilitating daily use of the tool across multiple use cases.
NCHRP Web-Only Document 424: Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Operational Capabilities, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is a supplemental report to NCHRP Research Report 1147: Implementation of Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Operational Capabilities: A Guide. The research focuses on analyzing the challenges associated with maturing UAS programs and strategies to mitigate these difficulties and on providing resources to transportation agencies to gain a better understanding of UAS and advanced air mobility (AAM).
123 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99291-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29133
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Operational Capabilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Workshop
The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SOTL) is a systematic and evidence-based approach to examining teaching and improving learning that is openly shared. In the summer and fall of 2024, the National Academies Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education held a public workshop series exploring current and future applications of SOTL to health professional education and elevating its critical value for advancing health professional workforce development across the education to practice continuum. This Proceedings of a Workshop highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop.
102 pages
·
6 x 9
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-09902-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09903-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29089
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Innovating Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Health Professions Education: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
In 2019, the American Intercity Bus Riders Association created the National Intercity Bus Atlas, a database of intercity bus transit services in the United States. The Intercity Bus Atlas was developed to facilitate the promotion of intercity bus use by providing comprehensive service provider, route, and scheduling information in a public-facing online platform. Before this, there had been no publicly available national clearinghouse, list, or map of intercity bus services.
NCHRP Research Report 1150: Implementation of the National Intercity Bus Atlas, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents that the development of the data framework for mapping. Technical challenges and hesitancy by some private carriers to share certain operating data resulted in several key information gaps. The report offers suggested future improvements to the atlas such as including more service characteristics and strategies to address data collection challenges.
60 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99186-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99187-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29119
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Implementation of the National Intercity Bus Atlas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Consensus
The United States generated approximately 292 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) annually, most of which (about 68 percent) were not recycled or composted. Recycling programs face a multitude of challenges today that complicate their stability, efficacy, and economic efficiency. However, a well-designed and supported MSW recycling programs hold many economic and environmental benefits. This report, produced at the request of Congress, reviews available information on MSW recycling programs in municipal, county, state, and tribal governments and provides advice on potential policy options for more effective implementation.
Municipal Solid Waste Recycling in the United States explores the contemporary issues facing MSW recycling programs and lays out recommendations and policy options to chart a path forward. Using diverse case studies and publicly available data, this report includes an analysis of economic and programmatic costs of recycling programs and assessment of material-specific recycling approaches. Recommendations include policy options to support effective, economically viable, and environmentally sound recycling practices.
226 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72701-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72702-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27978
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Municipal Solid Waste Recycling in the United States: Analysis of Current and Alternative Approaches. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Nam_special_pub
Over the last decade, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have created transformational opportunities for health, health care, and biomedical science. While new tools are available to improve effectiveness and efficiency in myriad applications in health and health care, challenges persist, including those related to increasing costs of care, staff burnout and shortages, and the growing disease burden of an aging population. The need for new approaches to address these long-standing challenges is evident and AI offers both new hope and new concerns.
An Artificial Intelligence Code of Conduct for Health and Medicine: Essential Guidance for Aligned Action presents a unifying AI Code of Conduct (AICC) framework developed to align the field around responsible development and application of AI and to catalyze collective action to ensure that the transformative potential of AI in health and medicine is realized. Designed to be applied at every level of decision making—from boardroom to bedside and from innovation labs to reimbursement policies—the publication serves as a blueprint for building trust, protecting patients, and ensuring that innovation benefits people.
206 pages
·
6 x 9
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-09895-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09896-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29087
National Academy of Medicine. 2025. An Artificial Intelligence Code of Conduct for Health and Medicine: Essential Guidance for Aligned Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
There are several ways the presence of water contributes to damage in asphalt and composite (asphalt surfaces on concrete) pavements. Being able to limit the damage to these pavement structures caused by the presence of water begins with an understanding of the sources of water.
NCHRP Web-Only Document 433: Limiting Damage to Flexible and Composite Pavements due to the Presence of Water: Guidelines, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, presents successful practices that have been used by highway agencies throughout the United States in minimizing the adverse effects of moisture on flexible and composite pavement structures at all of the stages of a pavement’s life, from design to construction, maintenance and preservation, and rehabilitation.
163 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99463-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29201
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Limiting Damage to Flexible and Composite Pavements due to the Presence of Water: Guidelines. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, freezing index, and other environmental conditions can have a significant effect on flexible and rigid pavement performance, both in actuality and in terms of what is modeled. These factors affect how the pavement layer materials behave when responding to traffic loadings and when subjected to environmental loadings.
NCHRP Research Report 1151: Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Model: Enhancements of Climatic Inputs, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, explores how to improve climatic inputs and related models that can be implemented by transportation agencies.
98 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99256-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99257-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29125
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Model: Enhancements of Climatic Inputs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Rapid_expert_consultation
As the artificial intelligence (AI) landscape rapidly evolves, many state and local governments are exploring how to use these technologies to enhance public services and governance. While some localities are currently using AI technologies, others are in the process of integrating or still deciding whether and how to adopt them, and for what uses. The available options pose different levels of risk and require balancing the potential of AI technologies to enhance efficiency, effectiveness, and fairness with potential challenges, such as associated costs, public trust considerations, data security risks, and long-term sustainability. The increasing development of new AI technologies presents a timely opportunity to provide evidence-informed insights as decision makers navigate the complexities of these technologies. This rapid expert consultation offers practical insights into how state and local governments can effectively integrate AI technologies into public services and governance processes.
40 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99363-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29152
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Strategies for Integrating AI into State and Local Government Decision Making: Rapid Expert Consultation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Workshop_series
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine assembled the ad hoc Committee on State-of-the-Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment to convene state-of-the-science workshops and develop a consensus report to advise the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on further developing the scientific foundation underlying the practice of cumulative impact assessment. This proceedings provides a summary of a workshop series that the committee convened as part of its information-gathering activities. The series included a community-engaged workshop in New Orleans, Louisiana; a virtual Town Hall with members of the community and Tribal liaison group from across the United States; and a Tribal engagement event in Aurora, Colorado. This proceedings has been prepared by the workshop rapporteurs as a summary of what occurred during the workshops.
76 pages
·
7 x 10
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-09923-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09925-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29094
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment: Proceedings of a Workshop Series. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Workshop
In recent years, the global adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) has spurred significant construction and investment in new data centers and cloud computing. These data centers require large-scale continuous power, posing challenges for local electric grids and broader climate goals. To explore how to map, measure, and mitigate the impacts of AI data center electricity usage, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened the workshop Implications of Artificial Intelligence-Related Data Center Electricity Use and Emissions in Washington, DC, on November 12-13, 2024. Organized through the National Academies Roundtable on Artificial Intelligence and Climate Change, the event gathered more than 95 in-person and more than 350 virtual participants from academia, the technology industry, electric utilities, community advocacy groups, and government agencies to discuss how recent AI developments could impact energy demands, identify options to mitigate increased electricity use and emissions, and consider regional implications related to data center siting and renewable resource availability. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
116 pages
·
6 x 9
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99204-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99205-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29101
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Implications of Artificial Intelligence–Related Data Center Electricity Use and Emissions: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Workshop_in_brief
Accelerating, scaling up, and transitioning technologies to produce or replace critical materials - materials that are not found or produced in the United States in quantities to meet U.S. defense needs - are essential to enable the United States to develop and sustain emerging technologies and improve its warfighting capability. Mid-scale manufacturing and characterization capacity in combination with modeling and simulation are expected to play a key role in this effort.
To explore U.S. manufacturing and characterization capacity for mid-scale production, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Defense Materials, Manufacturing, and Its Infrastructure Standing Committee hosted the first part of a two-part workshop on January 29-30, 2025. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
20 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99232-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29117
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Mid-Scale Manufacturing and Characterization Capacity for Department of Defense Critical Materials Supply Challenges, Part 1: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Workshop_in_brief
On April 7-8, 2025, the Committee on Science, Technology, and Law of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in Washington, D.C., titled "Implications of Recent Supreme Court Decisions for Agency Decision-Making." The major impetus for the workshop was the Supreme Court's 2024 decision in Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo, which overruled the principle of Chevron deference. This principle was the product of a 1984 case, Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., in which the Supreme Court directed courts to defer to reasonable interpretations made by executive agencies on ambiguous aspects of the laws they implement. Related to the Court's Loper Bright decision is a principle known as the major questions doctrine, which holds that Congress may not delegate to agencies decisions that are unheralded, transformative, and/or have major political or economic consequences without clear authorization. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
13 pages
·
8.5 x 11
·
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99417-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29169
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Implications of Law, Policy, and Federal Agency Decision-Making Under a New Judicial Standard: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to:
Consensus
Around 10-20% of people who contract Lyme disease, the most common tickborne disease in the U.S., develop persistent, often debilitating symptoms such as chronic pain, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction. Lyme infection-associated chronic illnesses (IACI) share symptoms common to other IACI such as Long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Despite the chronic impact on the quality of life for many people, there are currently no validated interventions to treat Lyme IACI.
In response to this unmet need, the Steven & Alexandra Cohen Foundation asked the National Academies to convene a committee of experts to assess the evidence for disease mechanisms, diagnoses, and treatments of Lyme IACI and illuminate a pathway for the development of new treatments. The resulting report, Charting a Path Toward New Treatments for Lyme Infection-Associated Chronic Illnesses, makes recommendations around developing treatments that improve function and quality of life based on currently available evidence, while continuing research to identify root causes and mechanisms of the disease.
252 pages
·
6 x 9
·
paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73098-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73099-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28578
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Charting a Path Toward New Treatments for Lyme Infection-Associated Chronic Illnesses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Import this citation to: