Limiting Damage to Flexible and Composite Pavements due to the Presence of Water: Guidelines (2025)
Chapter: Front Matter
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Limiting Damage to
Flexible and Composite
Pavements due to the
Presence of Water
GUIDELINES
Stephen B. Seeds
David G. Peshkin
Kurt D. Smith
Applied Pavement Technology, Inc.
Urbana, IL
Conduct of Research Report for NCHRP Project 01-54A
Submitted November 2023
NCHRP Web-Only Document 433
Limiting Damage to Flexible and Composite Pavements due to the Presence of Water
GUIDELINES
The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. Tsu-Jae Liu is president.
The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president.
The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.
Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org.
The Transportation Research Board is one of seven major program divisions of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The mission of the Transportation Research Board is to mobilize expertise, experience, and knowledge to anticipate and solve complex transportation-related challenges. The Board’s varied activities annually engage about 8,500 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state departments of transportation, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation.
Learn more about the Transportation Research Board at www.TRB.org.
COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS
CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP WEB-ONLY DOCUMENT 433
Monique R. Evans, Director, Cooperative Research Programs
Waseem Dekelbab, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs, and Manager, National Cooperative Highway Research Program
Roberto Barcena, Senior Program Officer
Anthony Avery, Senior Program Assistant
Natalie Barnes, Director of Publications
Heather DiAngelis, Associate Director of Publications
Jennifer Correro, Assistant Editor
NCHRP PROJECT 01-54A PANEL
Field of Design – Area of Pavements
Christopher David Abadie, Pine Bluff Sand and Gravel Company, Baton Rouge, LA (Chair)
Amit Bhasin, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX
Dar Hao Chen, Texas A&M University, Austin, TX
Trenton M. Clark, Virginia Asphalt Association, Richmond, VA
Mohamed K. Elfino, Jacksonville, FL
Richard Yigong Ji, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Atlantic City International Airport, NJ
Larry Patrick, Oklahoma Asphalt Pavement Association, Oklahoma City, OK
James A. Sherwood, FHWA Liaison
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Stand-Alone Web-Based Application (DRAIN)
CHAPTER 3—FINDINGS AND APPLICATIONS
Summary of Guidelines Document
Chapter 2—Determine the Source(s) of the Moisture
Chapter 3—Identify the Key Mechanism(s) that are the Cause(s) of the Distress(es)
Chapter 4—Consider Design Features
Chapter 5—Consider Available Materials
Chapter 7—Maintenance and Preservation Strategies
Chapter 8—Rehabilitation Treatments
Other Key Project Deliverables
CHAPTER 4—CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTED RESEARCH
Potential Barriers and Implementation Recommendations
APPENDIX D—AGENCY SURVEY RESPONSES
APPENDIX E—AGENCY DESIGN CHECKLISTS
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Sources of water (Christopher, Schwartz, and Boudreau 2006).
Figure 2. Diagram illustrating the pumping mechanism in concrete and composite pavements.
Figure 3. Typical edge drain configuration (adapted from FHWA 2002).
Figure 4. Geotextile examples (GMA 2015)
Figure 6. Example data entry page in DRAIN.
LIST OF TABLES
