Workshop
On August 7-8, 2019, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public workshop in Washington, DC, to review the status of current and emerging knowledge about innovations for modern food systems and strategies for meeting future needs. The workshop addressed different perspectives on the topic of food systems and would build on a workshop on the topic of sustainable diets hosted by the Food Forum in August 2018. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
134 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-49557-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-49558-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25523
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Innovations in the Food System: Exploring the Future of Food: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
On June 11, 20, 26 and July 2, 2024, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a series of workshop sessions to consider human and organizational factors of artificial intelligence (AI) risk management. The first three sessions - which examined community participation, testing and evaluation, and organizational culture - were held virtually, and the final session - in which members of the planning committee and a set of invited respondents reflected on the earlier sessions - was held in person. This proceedings recounts the presentations and discussions that occurred throughout these workshop sessions.
58 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73453-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73454-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29046
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Human and Organizational Factors in AI Risk Management: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Erosion and sediment control (ESC) practices are used to prevent soil loss and reduce sediment-laden stormwater runoff. They could be either temporary or permanent and could be used in construction, maintenance, and operations practices.
NCHRP Synthesis 643: Use of Sustainable Materials for Erosion and Sediment Control Practices, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents the current use of plastics in ESC practices across state departments of transportation as well as state DOTs’ policies and plans to reduce or eliminate the use of plastics for ESC practices.
90 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73423-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73424-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29034
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Use of Sustainable Materials for Erosion and Sediment Control Practices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
In 2024, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine were tasked with convening a committee to examine the current process and data inputs used by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to valuate primary care in the Physician Fee Schedule. Additionally, the committee was tasked with outlining alternative methodologies for data collection and potential sources of input to more accurately capture the time, intensity, and complexity of the work required to deliver high-quality primary care.
The resulting report, Improving Primary Care Valuation Decisions for the Physician Fee Schedule by the Center for Medicare, makes specific recommendations for CMS to address the systemic flaws currently affecting primary care professionals and limiting the potential of high-quality primary care services for all.
64 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73535-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73536-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29069
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Improving Primary Care Valuation Processes to Inform the Physician Fee Schedule. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The funding and incentivizing model for research and development has evolved rapidly within the past decade, with philanthropy playing an increasingly significant role alongside government, university, and industry partnerships to accelerate discovery and innovation. Traditional academic research processes are inadequate to facilitate a rapid transition to real-world applications and markets—and growing national security concerns have affected how universities participate in the innovation ecosystem. On October 15–16, 2024, members and guests of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Government-University-Industry-Philanthropy Research Roundtable convened in Washington, DC, to consider these and related questions. These questions included how collaborations across sectors are shaped by research environments and culture, how to overcome barriers, and how to incentivize risk-taking to address urgent societal technology challenges. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the event.
12 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99184-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29121
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Incentivizing Urgency, Speed, and Scale to Support Future U.S. Innovation: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Worsening mortality among working-age adults is a significant concern in the United States. Because rising mortality is an indicator of deteriorating population health among adults, it is important to investigate the underlying causes and their implications. At the request of the National Institute on Aging, the Committee on Population of the National Academies convened a workshop to examine what is currently known about trends in disability and disabling morbidity, with the goal for helping to set a research agenda and data priorities. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
96 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99210-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99211-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29100
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Health and Disability Among Working-Age Adults: Trends, Disparities, and Implications for Employment and Federal Programs: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Supply chains are critical for our well-being. They touch all critical sectors of the economy, including aerospace, agriculture, defense, energy, health care, microelectronics and semiconductors, transportation and logistics, critical materials, and many more. When supply chains fail, we suffer, as we learned during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also learned that the challenges we faced then can be overcome if we reimagine supply chains with the goal of ensuring our national resiliency.
The 2024 National Academy of Engineering annual meeting on "Reimagining Supply Chains for National Resiliency" represented a call to action for the nation's top engineers in business, government, and academia to come together and reimagine next-generation supply chains. The forum of the 2024 annual meeting brought together four experts on supply chain issues to share their experiences, perspectives, and predictions. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the forum.
36 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-10002-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29109
National Academy of Engineering. 2025. Reimagining Supply Chains for National Resiliency: Proceedings of a Forum. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Ethylene oxide is primarily produced in Texas and Louisiana with sites in Texas accounting for nearly half of all emitted ethylene oxide in the United States. Because ethylene oxide is emitted in Texas and has been determined by other agencies to be a carcinogen, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) undertook a carcinogenic dose-response assessment for use in TCEQ's remediation and air permitting programs. The TCEQ assessed the carcinogenic hazards of ethylene oxide and derived a chronic inhalation unit risk factor (URF) in its 2020 Ethylene Oxide Carcinogenic Dose-Response Assessment Development Support Document (TCEQ DSD).
As requested by TCEQ, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine assembled an ad hoc committee to review the methods, results, and conclusions of the TCEQ DSD. The committee considered whether the conclusions are clearly presented, scientifically supported, and based on the best available scientific information. The report finds that the lack of application of systematic review methods, the exclusion of critical epidemiological data, the limitations in the modeling approach and use of unpublished validation data all contribute to a lack of confidence in TCEQ's risk assessment of ethylene oxide.
74 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73165-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73166-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28592
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Review of Texas Commission on Environmental Quality's Ethylene Oxide Development Support Document. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Planning and operating transportation systems involves the exchange of large volumes of data that must be shared between partnering transportation agencies, private-sector interests, travelers, and intelligent devices such as traffic signals, ramp meters, and connected vehicles.
NCHRP Research Report 1121: Data Integration, Sharing, and Management for Transportation Planning and Traffic Operations, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, presents tools, methods, and guidelines for improving data integration, sharing, and management practices through case studies, proof-of-concept product developments, and deployment assistance.
290 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73229-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73227-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28690
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Data Integration, Sharing, and Management for Transportation Planning and Traffic Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Many existing highways were originally constructed without stormwater control facilities, prompting several state departments of transportation (DOTs) to retrofit these highway facilities with improved treatment and flow control systems. To implement watershed-based strategies more cost effectively, some DOTs have explored partnerships with third-party entities.
NCHRP Synthesis 654: Stormwater Retrofit Programs and Practices Through Third-Party Partnerships, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents the varied approaches taken by state DOTs on stormwater retrofit partnerships with third parties.
104 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99220-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99221-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29106
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Stormwater Retrofit Programs and Practices Through Third-Party Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is the U.S. Army's sole fundamental research laboratory focused on cutting-edge scientific discovery and technological innovations that offer great potential to strengthen the U.S. Army. The mission of ARL is to operationalize science for transformational overmatch in support of persistent Army modernization.
At the request of Army, this report examines the following four ARL competencies: biological and biotechnology sciences; network, cyber, and computational sciences; photonics, electronics, and quantum sciences; and sciences of extreme materials. The cross-cutting conclusions for the four competencies assessed in this report focus on encouraging a streamlined administrative approval process to enable conference attendance; creating bilateral forums with industry, academia, and government; continuing cross-pollination efforts through communication and collaboration; and increasing awareness of emerging computational methodologies.
144 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73362-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73363-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28878
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. 2024 Assessment of the DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The climate surrounding reproductive health research in the U.S. changes rapidly. The National Academies Standing Committee on Reproductive Health, Equity, and Society hosted a workshop in November 2024 to address the challenges and opportunities and their effects on research quality and quantity. This Proceedings of a Workshop-In Brief highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop.
12 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99284-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29131
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Understanding the Barriers and Opportunities to Conducting Reproductive Health Research: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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State departments of transportation (DOTs) undertake numerous bridge replacements annually. Specific replacements present unique challenges among these projects due to location restrictions, mobility implications, design characteristics, and environmental constraints.
NCHRP Synthesis 645: Construction Strategies and Techniques for Planned Bridge Replacements in Complex Scenarios, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents practices and decision-making used by state DOTs for planned bridge replacements in complex scenarios.
104 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73403-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73404-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29029
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Construction Strategies and Techniques for Planned Bridge Replacements in Complex Scenarios. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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When someone experiences the loss of a limb or severe facial disfigurement, one of their options may be vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA), which transfers a graft containing multiple tissues transferred as a functional unit. Using VCA to restore the functionality and aesthetics of a lost upper limb or disfigured face is a profound and life-altering gift; however, the process and the decision to accept (or donate) a VCA graft is complex and deeply emotional. In addition to psychosocial considerations, a VCA recipient must commit to undergoing years of rigorous rehabilitation, have a robust support system in place, and accept and understand the risks of being on immunosuppressive drugs for the rest of their life. Despite VCA advances over the last 25 years, challenges remain, and the small number of recipients of face or hand transplants makes it difficult to generalize outcomes.
To address these challenges, the Department of Defense Reconstructive Transplant Research Program tasked a committee of the National Academies with developing principles and a framework for the standardization, assessment, and validation of protocols and standard operating procedures for face and hand transplantation. The resulting report offers guidance for the newly established Clinical Organization Network for Standardization of Reconstructive Transplantation (CONSORT), but it also includes specific recommendations to enable the larger VCA community to mature, advance, and thrive into the future.
388 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73108-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73109-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28580
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Advancing Face and Hand Transplantation: Principles and Framework for Developing Standardized Protocols. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The 8th Edition of Principles and Practices for a Federal Statistical Agency supports the essential role of relevant, credible, trusted, independent, and innovative government statistics. Since 1992, this report has described the characteristics of effective federal statistical agencies. Government statistics are widely used to inform decisions by policymakers, program administrators, businesses and other organizations, as well as households and the general public.
Principles and Practices is a concise tool to communicate the unique responsibilities of federal statistical agencies. It underscores the invaluable role that relevant, timely, accurate, and trustworthy government statistics play to inform the public and policymakers. Since 2001, an updated edition is released at the beginning of each presidential term.
This eighth edition retains the five principles and ten practices established in prior editions, including updated examples and extensive appendices to reflect the many and varied changes across the national statistical system that have occurred since the passage of the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018 ("Evidence Act"), the CHIPS and Science Act, and implementing regulations.
240 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72543-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72544-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27934
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Principles and Practices for a Federal Statistical Agency: Eighth Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Formula is often the sole source of nutrition for many infants, making its safety and quality particularly critical. While most food laws and regulations apply to infant formulas, they are also subject to additional requirements and manufacturer regulations for certain quality factors. These include an assessment of protein quality and demonstration that the formula supports normal infant physical growth.
Per the Food and Drug Omnibus Reform Act of 2022, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration asked the National Academies to examine and report on the state of the science regarding methodologies for assessing the biological quality of protein in infant formula and the ability of infant formula to support normal physical growth. The committee's statement of task noted that its analysis should include the examination of current study designs and methods that could demonstrate quality factors have been met. The resulting report presents conclusions, recommendations, and areas of future research to improve standardized procedures for assessing protein quality in infant formula.
220 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73521-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73522-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29065
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Protein Quality and Growth Monitoring Studies: Quality Factor Requirements for Infant Formula. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, originally developed for type 2 diabetes patients and popularized by their ability to rapidly reduce body weight in patients with obesity, have recently received a lot of national attention. Repurposing GLP-1R agonists to treat some central nervous disorders is promising, but comparatively understudied. At a September 2024 workshop, the National Academies Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders reviewed the current knowledge and research gaps about the mechanisms of action of GLP-1R agonists in the brain, and the evidence of their clinical efficacy for eating disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, substance use disorders, and pain.
118 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73505-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73506-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29061
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Examining Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor (GLP-1R) Agonists for Central Nervous System Disorders: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Open-book negotiations for determining construction pricing for transportation agencies can enhance cost certainty, optimize risk allocation, and ultimately lead to more efficient project delivery. In a survey of 42 state departments of transportation (DOTs), key insights arise in how agencies negotiate construction costs post-award, collaborate with independent cost estimators, and manage project contingencies. Additionally, case examples reveal the critical role of trust and transparency in ensuring fair and reasonable guaranteed maximum prices.
NCHRP Synthesis 653: Open-Book Pricing Practices for Construction Manager/General Contractor and Progressive Design-Build Projects, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, explores the complexities of alternative project delivery methods for state DOTs, with a focus on transparency, risk management, and cost negotiation.
140 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73576-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73577-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29084
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Open-Book Pricing Practices for Construction Manager/General Contractor and Progressive Design-Build Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Transportation Insights 6: 7th International Conference on Women and Gender in Transportation presents the discussions and insights from a conference in Irvine, CA, from September 9 to 11, 2024.
87 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99261-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29126
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. 7th International Conference on Women and Gender in Transportation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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