Workshop
The Roundtable on Population Health Improvement of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public workshop on September 19, 2019 titled Models for Population Health Improvement by Health Care Systems and Partners: Tensions and Promise on the Path Upstream. The term upstream refers to the higher levels of action to improve health. Medical services act downstream (i.e., at the patient level) in improving population health, while such activities as screening and referring to social and human services (e.g., for housing, food assistance) are situated midstream, and the work of changing laws, policies, and regulations (e.g., toward affordable housing, expanding healthy food access) to improve the community conditions for health represents upstream action.
The workshop explored the growing attention on population health, from health care delivery and health insurance organizations to the social determinants of health and their individual-level manifestation as health-related social needs, such as patients' needs. The workshop showcased collaborative population health improvement efforts, each of which included one or more health systems. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
94 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-26532-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-26545-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26059
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Models for Population Health Improvement by Health Care Systems and Partners: Tensions and Promise on the Path Upstream: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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In recent years, Lidar technology has improved. Additionally, the experiences of state departments of transportation (DOTs) with Lidar have grown, and documentation of existing practices, business uses, and needs would now benefit state DOTs’ efforts.
NCHRP Synthesis 642: Practices for Collecting, Managing, and Using Light Detection and Ranging Data, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents state DOTs’ practices related to technical, administrative, policy, and other aspects of collecting, managing, and using Lidar data to support current and future practices.
210 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71799-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71800-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29042
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Practices for Collecting, Managing, and Using Light Detection and Ranging Data. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Visual field is the total area of space a person can see when the eyes are focused on a central point. Impairment of the visual field can have significant negative effects on well-being. Individuals with moderate to severe visual field loss may have difficulty performing routine tasks, such as reading, driving, and navigating environments, as well as engaging in social activities. More profound loss leads to greater disability and poorer quality of life. Nearly 8 million people in the U.S. indicate they have blindness or difficulty seeing even while wearing corrective lenses, and the prevalence of visual impairment among U.S. preschool-aged children may be as high as five percent.
Testing for visual field impairment involves a combination of hardware, stimuli, testing patterns, and algorithms. The Social Security Administration (SSA) uses the results of such testing to determine whether applicants for disability based on visual field loss qualify for benefits. In response to a request from SSA, the National Academies convened a committee of experts to review the research and science on methods for testing visual field impairment. The resulting report reviews current and emerging practices and known limitations in visual field testing and offers conclusions to inform disability evaluations.
160 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99252-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99253-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29124
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Visual Field Assessment and Disability Evaluation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
In response to the buildup of U.S. and Russian nuclear arsenals during the Cold War, a series of major scientific studies conducted in the 1980s issued warnings about the potential for a "nuclear winter" scenario - the possibility that a large-scale nuclear exchange could inject massive amounts of soot and particulates into the upper atmosphere that would block incoming solar radiation and cause major ecosystem and societal disruptions. In the decades since that concept emerged, profound military, political, and technological changes have reshaped the nuclear landscape, while scientific advances have deepened the understanding of, and ability to model, Earth system processes. It is in this context that the U.S. Congress asked for this report to re-examine the potential environmental, social, and economic effects that could unfold over the weeks to decades after a nuclear war.
The effects of any given nuclear exchange would depend on key processes and interactions along a causal pathway with six stages: weapon employment scenarios and effects; fire dynamics and emissions; plume rise, fate, and transport; physical Earth system impacts; ecosystem impacts; and socioeconomic impacts. Impacts of radioactive fallout were not included in the assessment. Potential Environmental Effects of Nuclear War identifies major uncertainties and data gaps at each stage of the causal pathway that currently limit researchers' ability to understand and model the effects of a nuclear war. This report recommends that relevant U.S. agencies coordinate the development of and support for a suite of model intercomparison projects to organize and assess models to reduce uncertainties in projections of the climatic and environment effects of nuclear war.
234 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71617-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99416-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27515
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Potential Environmental Effects of Nuclear War. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Meeting the United States' growing demand for reliable, resilient, and affordable energy will require expanded electric transmission capacity across the nation. As grid planners identify paths to accomplishing this expansion, the co-location of transmission lines along highway and rail rights of way (ROWs) may be one option for siting future transmission infrastructure. While this approach can potentially offer benefits for feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and public acceptance, there are few successful examples of this approach to date and many policy, logistical, design, and construction challenges to consider.
To provide a forum for discussing opportunities for the use of transportation ROWs for electrical transmission, the challenges involved, and potential solutions to overcome barriers, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted the workshop on Reinventing the Right of Way: Policy, Technical, and Economic Implications of Siting Transmission Lines Along Transportation Corridors on April 7-9, 2025. The workshop convened stakeholders in the planning, operations, ownership, use, and regulation of transmission projects and transportation ROWs to establish a shared understanding of the issues and elicit constructive suggestions for action.
12 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99445-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29178
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Reinventing the Right of Way: Policy, Technical, and Economic Implications of Siting Transmission Lines Along Transportation Corridors: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Diagnostic errors are a significant patient safety concern, impacting millions of people across the United States each year. Strengthening education and training for all health care professionals involved in the diagnostic process is essential to improving diagnostic accuracy, timeliness of treatment, and patient outcomes.
In April 2025, the National Academies Forum on Advancing Diagnostic Excellence hosted a public workshop to examine approaches to strengthening health care professional education and training in diagnosis. Speakers explored key topics such as improving diagnostic reasoning for trainees and educators, promoting the appropriate use of diagnostic tests and technologies, fostering patient-centered communication, and advancing interprofessional collaboration. This Proceedings of a Workshop-In Brief highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop.
19 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99468-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29203
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Advancing Health Care Professional Education and Training in Diagnostic Excellence: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Addressing the complex challenges to increased extreme weather impacts on communities in the Gulf Coast region requires connected and interdisciplinary approaches, in addition to strong institutional partnerships. Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs) and Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) bring essential community knowledge, research expertise, and long-standing regional engagement that can enhance the design and implementation of public health and resilience strategies in preparation for future climate emergencies.
To explore ways to strengthen partnerships and address institutional barriers in the Gulf region, the Gulf Research Program of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on February 20, 2025 in New Orleans, Louisiana. Workshop participants explored opportunities for HBCUs and MSIs to expand their leadership in community-engaged research on extreme weather events and environmental stressors on human health and resilience. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
14 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99524-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29216
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Building Health and Resilience Research Capacity in the U.S. Gulf Coast: Elevating Partnerships: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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In the face of growing uncertainties, supply chain resilience is coming to be seen as increasingly important. Vulnerabilities revealed during the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the fragility of the global supply chain but have also spurred research and uncovered effective practices and strategies to mitigate and manage supply chain disruptions.
NCHRP Research Report 1154: Supply Chain Challenges and Solutions amid COVID-19, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, provides an overview for understanding the elements of supply chains, describing the suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and end users, as well as the supporting infrastructure. The supply chain challenges identified in this report are organized into eight categories: physical congestion and capacity, information and data, security, equipment, workforce, regulatory, and supplier source.
76 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99366-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99367-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29153
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Supply Chain Challenges and Solutions amid COVID-19. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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This Report of the Treasurer of the National Academy of Sciences presents the financial position and results of operations as well as a review of the endowment and other long-term investments portfolio activities of our Academy for the year ended December 31, 2024.
76 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99532-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29218
National Academy of Sciences. 2025. Report of the Treasurer: For the Year Ended December 31, 2024. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Advancing precision medicine - sometimes referred to as personalized medicine - relies on active collaboration among domestic and international scientific organizations to accelerate the translation of research into clinical practice by bringing together complementary expertise, resources, and perspectives. To further knowledge exchange between Kuwait and the United States in this field, the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences launched a collaborative series of workshops designed to investigate interdisciplinary approaches between biological and material sciences, engineering disciplines, and data science to achieve meaningful solutions in precision medicine.
The first workshop in the series was held between February 2 and 3, 2025, in Kuwait. The sessions explored advancements in point-of-care technologies and the unprecedented impact of artificial intelligence on the evolving landscape of precision medicine in the United States and Kuwait. Workshop discussions also highlighted how precision health research is revolutionizing the understanding and treatment of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, which is prevalent in both countries. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief provides a high-level summary of key discussions held during the February 2025 workshop.
14 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99450-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29197
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Promoting Knowledge Exchange and Collaboration Between Kuwait and the United States: Precision Medicine: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Air traffic controller staffing is essential for aviation safety in the United States. Therefore, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) should continue to increase air traffic controller hiring, improve training success rates, incentivize transfers from overstaffed to understaffed airports, and implement robust fatigue management systems and efficient shift-scheduling tools. FAA should also rebuild its controller staffing based on its traditional modeling approach—as refined by needed updates and with local input—rather than adopting newer facility staffing models the agency developed collaboratively with members of the National Air Traffic Controllers Association. FAA should also conduct recommended research to improve understanding about the relationship between facility staffing levels and safety and validate its facility models using risk indicators, some of which are confidential and therefore not available to the committee that prepared the report.
These are among the recommendations in TRB Special Report 357: The Air Traffic Controller Workforce Imperative: Staffing Models and Their Implementation to Ensure Safe and Efficient Airspace Operations, from the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The report, called for by Congress, notes that about 30 percent of the FAA facilities are staffed at more than 10 percent below their staffing targets and about 30 percent of facilities are staffed at 10 percent or more above their staffing targets. FAA experienced a series of externally imposed constraints on hiring since 2013, including two government shutdowns over budget and fiscal policy and the COVID-19 pandemic, that have notably affected several of the largest facilities that serve many of the country’s largest airports and have had an outsized effect on passenger delays.
284 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99224-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99225-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29112
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Air Traffic Controller Workforce Imperative: Staffing Models and Their Implementation to Ensure Safe and Efficient Airspace Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
People, communities, and nature are directly and indirectly affected by long-term shifts in the environment. Transformative action is necessary to respond to these shifts and infuse sustainable practices throughout affected sectors and communities. Higher education institutions are central in identifying sustainable and resilient paths forward that incorporate fundamental research, workforce development, education, and community engagement.
On February 5, 2025, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and convened a public workshop to build upon national dialogues and explore additional mechanisms to advance the role of the higher education sector in supporting sustainability and resilience. The Board on Higher Education and Workforce, in collaboration with the National Academies Climate Crossroads initiative, brought together higher education stakeholders to share visions of collaboration and success, possible frameworks for cooperation and implementation, and potential partners for sustainability and resilience initiatives - including surrounding communities, industry, and state and local government. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
13 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99444-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29177
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Higher Education's Path to Sustainability and Resilience: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
The development of minimally invasive approaches to screen for multiple tumor types at one time could potentially improve health outcomes; however, the clinical utility of multicancer detection (MCD) testing has yet to be established. The National Academies National Cancer Policy Forum held a workshop in October 2024 to explore the current scientific understanding and clinical use of MCD testing, as well as implications for cancer care and outcomes for all patients.
66 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99243-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99244-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29114
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Opportunities and Challenges for the Development and Adoption of Multicancer Detection Tests: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
On May 1-3, 2024, a committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to address the environmental damage resulting from Russia's 2022 full-scale invasion of and subsequent war against Ukraine. The damage includes the shelling of agricultural fields and oil deposits; the destruction of infrastructure, which has resulted in the pollution of land and water resources; and the environmental consequences of military actions. Presentations and discussion focused on describing the full scope of the damage, highlighting efforts to monitor it, and discussing ways to address or mitigate the effects.
15 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73564-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29077
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Addressing Environmental Damage in Ukraine: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls are widely used in transportation projects due to their cost-saving, time-efficient, and resilient nature. However, most of the walls constructed so far have been built too recently to allow assessment of whether or not they would meet the desired design life. Additionally, design guidelines, construction materials, and protocols have evolved greatly since the technology was first adopted.
NCHRP Synthesis 644: Asset Management Practices for Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents state departments of transportation asset management practices for MSE walls in their inventories. Relevant practices include those related to maintenance and rehabilitation of deteriorated walls, inventory and assessment, and development of risk and life-cycle costs.
96 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99228-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99229-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29115
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Asset Management Practices for Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Current policies on dual-use research of concern (DURC) and pathogens with enhanced pandemic potential (PEPP) typically focus on physical laboratory work. In light of the fast-evolving advances in artificial intelligence and computational modeling, these frameworks do not effectively inform risk and benefit evaluation and assessment related to the information and resources generated from computational studies.
To address these concerns, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop sponsored by the National Science Foundation on April 3-4, 2025, to explore the benefits and biosecurity risks of communicating and publishing biological research using in silico modeling and computational approaches. The workshop brought together multi-sectoral experts to discuss current policies and safeguards related to DURC and PEPP, as well as lessons learned, and considered the challenges and opportunities for promoting the benefits of computational and AI-driven approaches in biology while mitigating potential biosecurity risks. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop, including suggestions from participants on tiered oversight approaches, early-stage risk evaluations and assessment, and incentivizing norms through training and publication standards.
65 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99433-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29174
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Disseminating In Silico and Computational Biological Research: Navigating Benefits and Risks: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Airport operators are seeing greater use of technology in their terminal concessions programs. This increased use reflects concessionaires using technology to improve efficiency, a growing customer preference for e-commerce, and airports leveraging their own technologies to better manage their commercial operations. Some airports have started to implement omnichannel ecommerce platforms to deliver an advanced retail experience for passengers.
ACRP Research Report 279: Framework and Tools for Incorporating Technologies into Airport In-Terminal Concessions Programs, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, presents a practical guide for evaluating, selecting, and implementing technology to enhance customer experience, operational efficiency, and revenue generation in airport terminal concessions programs.
Supplemental to the report are ACRP Web-Only Document 66: Incorporating Technologies into Airport In-Terminal Concessions Programs: A Primer, an Excel self-assessment tool, and a technical report on the research effort.
82 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99344-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99345-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29145
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Framework and Tools for Incorporating Technologies into Airport In-Terminal Concessions Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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ACRP Web-Only Document 66: Incorporating Technologies into Airport In-Terminal Concessions Programs: A Primer, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, is supplemental to ACRP Research Report 279: Framework and Tools for Incorporating Technologies into Airport In-Terminal Concessions Programs. The primer is a practical document that will be of interest to a wide array of industry practitioners desiring to use technology to enhance airport terminal concessions programs.
77 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99348-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29146
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Incorporating Technologies into Airport In-Terminal Concessions Programs: A Primer. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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State department of transportation (DOT) construction activities must comply with federal and state National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System construction general permit requirements. The regulations require state DOTs to implement policies, procedures, and practices to minimize offsite discharges of sediment-laden stormwater to protect downstream receiving water bodies during construction.
NCHRP Synthesis 648: Construction Stormwater Program Management, Tracking, Reporting, and Compliance, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents state DOT practices, tools, and approaches for managing compliance with state and federal construction stormwater permit requirements.
188 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73470-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73471-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29051
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Construction Stormwater Program Management, Tracking, Reporting, and Compliance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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