Consensus
Heritable disorders of connective tissue (HDCTs) are a diverse group of inherited genetic disorders and subtypes. Because connective tissue is found throughout the body, the impairments associated with HDCTs manifest in multiple body systems and may change or vary in severity throughout an affected individual's lifetime. In some cases, these impairments may be severe enough to qualify an eligible child or adult for monetary benefits through the U.S. Social Security Administration's (SSA's) Social Security Disability Insurance or Supplemental Security Income program. SSA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene an expert committee that would provide current information regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of selected HDCTs, including Marfan syndrome and the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes, and the effect of the disorders and their treatment on functioning. The resulting report, Selected Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue and Disability, presents the committee's findings and conclusions.
396 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-27553-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-27554-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26431
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Selected Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue and Disability. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) promise to improve productivity significantly, but there are many questions about how AI could affect jobs and workers.
Recent technical innovations have driven the rapid development of generative AI systems, which produce text, images, or other content based on user requests - advances which have the potential to complement or replace human labor in specific tasks, and to reshape demand for certain types of expertise in the labor market.
Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work evaluates recent advances in AI technology and their implications for economic productivity, the workforce, and education in the United States. The report notes that AI is a tool with the potential to enhance human labor and create new forms of valuable work - but this is not an inevitable outcome. Tracking progress in AI and its impacts on the workforce will be critical to helping inform and equip workers and policymakers to flexibly respond to AI developments.
200 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71714-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71715-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27644
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Committee on Law and Justice hosted a two-day workshop on September 24-25, 2024 to explore models of prosecutorial programs and practices, implications for public policy, and priorities for future research. The workshop showcased practices, programs, and policies that offer promising alternatives to incarceration and promoted continuous quality improvement and accountability within prosecutors' offices.This proceedings summarizes the workshop themes, including pressing challenges and opportunities, and areas for further consideration and guidance.
122 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73435-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73436-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29037
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Examining Prosecution: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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U.S. airports that receive assistance from the federal government are required to comply with a number of obligations imposed by federal law.
The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Web-Only Document 65: DOT and FAA Airport Legal Determination and Opinion Letter Abstracts of 2023 covers case-specific guidance from U.S. DOT or FAA on various federal airport compliance matters released since the previous update to ACRP Legal Research Digest 21.
This document is supplemental to ACRP Legal Research Digest 21: Compilation of DOT and FAA Airport Legal Determinations and Opinion Letters as of December 31, 2023, which contains agency determinations covering administrative cases brought against large and small airports throughout the United States, as well as DOT and FAA opinion letters, memoranda, and related documents. These documents cover legal matters that include reasonableness of contractual terms, leasing practices, airport rules and regulations, airport charges imposed on aeronautical users, including airlines, and the standards for determining airport sponsor compliance with other federal obligations.
47 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73306-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28856
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. DOT and FAA Airport Legal Determination and Opinion Letter Abstracts of 2023. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Motor vehicle crash rates for teen drivers during the learner's permit phase are relatively low and comparable to those of adult drivers. However, once teenagers begin driving independently, the crash risk increases significantly at licensure and remains high during the first few months of solo driving.
BTSCRP Research Report 13: Outcomes of Variability in Teen Driving Experience and Exposure: Evidence from Naturalistic Driving Studies, from TRB's Behavioral Traffic Safety Cooperative Research Program, provides insights on how exposure to driving during the learner's permit period and the first months of driving independently, including driving in diverse environments, impacts safety outcomes in later driving.
60 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72312-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72313-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29066
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Outcomes of Variability in Teen Driving Experience and Exposure: Evidence from Naturalistic Driving Studies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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There is widespread material degradation that affects all components of bridges, often limiting their service lives. For reinforced concrete bridge members, that deterioration is predominately caused by corrosion of the internal steel reinforcement.
NCHRP Synthesis 641: State DOT Policies and Practices on the Use of Corrosion-Resistant Reinforcing Bars, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents the policies and practices of state departments of transportation related to their use of corrosion-resistant reinforcing bars.
186 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73449-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73450-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29045
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State DOT Policies and Practices on the Use of Corrosion-Resistant Reinforcing Bars. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The repair of transverse cracks and longitudinal paving joints and cracks in asphalt and asphalt-surfaced pavements is a common maintenance activity for state departments of transportation (DOTs). One of the limitations of crack sealing and filling, however, is the width of the crack for which these repairs are successful.
NCHRP Synthesis 640: Wide Cracks and Joints in Flexible and Composite Pavements: State DOT Maintenance Practices, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents practices used by state DOTs for flexible and composite pavement maintenance for wide transverse and longitudinal cracks and joints.
138 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73427-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73428-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29035
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Wide Cracks and Joints in Flexible and Composite Pavements: State DOT Maintenance Practices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
In the modern history of the United States, investment in the teaching of science, technology, engineering and mathematics has resulted in a rich variety of education innovations (programs, practices, models, and technologies). Although a number of these innovations have had the potential to impact learners on a broad scale, that potential often remains unrealized. Efforts vary in their success in widescale implementation and sustainability across different educational contexts - leaving questions about how to achieve the major improvements to STEM education that many policy leaders seek.
Scaling and Sustaining Pre-K-12 STEM Education Innovations: Systemic Challenges, Systemic Responses examines the interconnected factors at local, regional, and national levels that foster or hinder the widespread implementation of promising, evidence-based Pre-K-12 STEM education innovations, to identify gaps in the research, and to provide guidance on how to address barriers to implementation. This report comes in response to a mandate within the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022.
438 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72602-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72603-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27950
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Scaling and Sustaining Pre-K-12 STEM Education Innovations: Systemic Challenges, Systemic Responses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The transportation industry is working toward a common understanding of integrating transportation resilience into various agency processes and exploring new methods for evaluating resilience investments.
Transportation Insights 5: Transportation Resilience 2023 presents the discussions and presentations from an international conference hosted by TRB in November 2023 in Washington, DC.
86 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73314-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28858
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Transportation Resilience 2023: International Conference on Extreme Weather and Climate Change Challenges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Early life disadvantages have been associated with a higher risk of dementia, but the risk may be modified by early life and midlife exposures. While attention is often given to individuals' behavior and choices, structural and institutional forces may be more effective in addressing risk factors.
The Committee on Population held a two-day public workshop on August 29-30, 2024 that examined what measures, data infrastructure needs, and analytic measures can advance understanding of how midlife social exposures can address early life risk factors. Participants discussed the state of knowledge and identified conceptual approaches to guide research on better understanding midlife exposures that may be modifiable in reducing the risk of later-life dementia. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion from the workshop.
106 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73376-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73377-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28909
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Identifying Midlife Social Exposures That Might Modify Risks of Cognitive Impairment Associated with Early Life Disadvantage: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Bridge construction inspection is a critical component in fulfilling the mission of state departments of transportation (DOTs) and the U.S. Federal Highway Administration to deliver high-performing transportation systems that adhere to or surpass specified quality standards.
NCHRP Synthesis 649: Bridge Construction Inspection Training: Resources and Practices, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, collects resources and documents practices used by state DOTs in training and setting qualifications of the bridge construction inspection workforce.
156 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73411-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73412-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29031
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Bridge Construction Inspection Training Resources and Practices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The Roundtable on Mentorship, Well-being, and Professional Development convened a workshop on October 28 and 29th, 2024 to explore how the well-being, professional development, and interpersonal and mentoring relationships of graduate students, postdoctoral scholars, and faculty are affected by national and global events, cultural shifts, and legal changes.
13 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09918-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29093
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Mentorship, Well-Being, and Professional Development in Times of Societal Change and Institutional Disruptions: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine appointed a committee to conduct an Independent Analysis of the Department of Defense's Autism Care Demonstration (ACD). The ACD provides applied behavior analysis (ABA) services to TRICARE-eligible military families.
To support this effort, the National Academies convened a public workshop on November 22, 2024, to explore methods for assessing program and clinical effectiveness in autism care. Presentations examined the strengths and limitations of current outcome measures, ethical considerations in data use and informed consent, and standards for ABA assessment and progress monitoring.
This Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief summarizes key insights shared during the session and highlights considerations for improving care quality, accountability, and the lived experience of military families navigating autism services.
11 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09894-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29086
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Understanding Methods for Measuring Program Effectiveness and Clinical Effectiveness: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
To explore opportunities for improving equitable diagnosis to reduce health disparities in the U.S., the Forum on Advancing Diagnostic Excellence at the National Academies hosted a public workshop in September 2024 in collaboration with the Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity. Speakers highlighted factors contributing to diagnostic inequities and suggested potential strategies to advance health equity through technology, education, research, and patient- and community-centered approaches.
Speakers at the workshop discussed potential strategies including using technological innovations such as remote monitoring and telehealth, improving education in cultural humility and holistic care, enhancing high quality data collection on historically underserved communities, increasing patient engagement, improving clinician communication, and strengthening community partnerships to build trust with patients. This publication highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop.
14 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73083-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28573
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Advancing Equity in Diagnostic Excellence to Reduce Health Disparities: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Despite traumatic brain injury (TBI) being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S., substantial unmet needs persist in TBI prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. The National Academies Forum on Traumatic Brain Injury hosted a public workshop in April 2024 to explore examples of recent research, development, and implementation of TBI diagnostic biomarkers, injury prevention technologies, clinical decision tools, and treatment approaches. Discussions explored examples of needs, opportunities, and challenges influencing innovation.
148 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72991-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72992-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28258
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Examples of Technical Innovation for Traumatic Brain Injury Prevention, Diagnosis, and Care: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Ocean Acoustics - the study of sound in the ocean, how it travels, interacts with, and is affected by its underwater surroundings - is a growing and critical field. Sound from both natural and human-generated sources can be an effective tool for probing the ocean environment. While the first applications of ocean acoustics began in the military, applications today encompass offshore energy production, national security, environmental monitoring, climate science, exploration and mapping, as well as fundamental ocean science.
Even as demand for ocean acoustics grows, workforce development is challenged by both the multidisciplinary nature of the field and its widely varying career paths. Ocean acoustics may be housed in a diversity of departments in higher education institutions, and career paths and trajectory of formal education can range from the vocational/associates' level through the doctorate level. This report examines the state of ocean acoustics education; assesses expected demand for acoustics expertise over the next decade; identifies competencies required across higher education and professional training programs; and presents strategies to raise the profile of careers in ocean acoustics. The report recommends a number of actions that federal agencies, industry, and academia can take to develop the expertise needed to meet current and future workforce demands.
234 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-70687-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70685-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27337
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Ocean Acoustics Education and Expertise. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Symposium_in_brief
In July 2024, the National Academies Roundtable on Obesity Solutions hosted a symposium to honor its 10th anniversary and discuss its next decade. Speakers considered the Roundtable's history of informing obesity research, policy, and practice. The event explored major developments toward prevention, treatment, and management of obesity, as well as ideas for meeting future challenges.
100 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73102-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73103-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28579
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Roundtable on Obesity Solutions 10th Anniversary: Looking Back, Moving Forward: Proceedings of a Symposium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Clinical practice guidelines are condition- or disease-specific recommendations for the appropriate health care management of patients. Because guidelines can differ between different organizations, the National Academies Roundtable on Genomics and Precision Health and National Cancer Policy Forum hosted a public workshop in October 2024 to explore how clinical guidelines can impact the adoption and coverage of genomic testing in routine medical care.
14 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73082-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28572
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Exploring Clinical Guidelines for the Adoption of Genomic Testing: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
When disaster strikes, critical infrastructure failures can follow - from loss of power and water to failures of information technology infrastructure and systems. Threats to the nation's healthcare and public health (HPH) critical infrastructure are highly complex and rapidly evolving, creating potentially new or increased national health security risks and disruptions, challenging assumptions about the current and future resilience of HPH critical infrastructure design and operations, and altering the implications for interdependent sectors and workforce. In December 2024, the National Academies Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Disasters and Emergencies hosted a public workshop to consider strategies, policies, and innovative actions to improve the resilience of HPH critical infrastructure concerning impacts from disasters and other emergencies.
15 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73573-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29081
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Enhancing the Resilience of Health Care and Public Health Critical Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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