Consensus
An accurate measure of poverty is necessary to fully understand how the economy is performing across all segments of the population and to assess the effects of government policies on communities and families. In addition, poverty statistics are essential in determining the size and composition of the population whose basic needs are going unmet and to help society target resources to address those needs.
An Updated Measure of Poverty: (Re)Drawing the Line recommends updating the methodology used by the Census Bureau to calculate the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) to reflect household basic needs. This report recommends that the more comprehensive SPM replace the current Official Poverty Measure as the primary statistical measure of poverty the Census Bureau uses. The report assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the SPM and provides recommendations for updating its methodology and expanding its use in recognition of the needs of most American families such as medical care, childcare, and housing costs.
150 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-69739-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-69740-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26825
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. An Updated Measure of Poverty: (Re)Drawing the Line. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, freezing index, and other environmental conditions can have a significant effect on flexible and rigid pavement performance, both in actuality and in terms of what is modeled. These factors affect how the pavement layer materials behave when responding to traffic loadings and when subjected to environmental loadings.
NCHRP Research Report 1151: Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Model: Enhancements of Climatic Inputs, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, explores how to improve climatic inputs and related models that can be implemented by transportation agencies.
98 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99256-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99257-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29125
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Model: Enhancements of Climatic Inputs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Rapid_expert_consultation
As the artificial intelligence (AI) landscape rapidly evolves, many state and local governments are exploring how to use these technologies to enhance public services and governance. While some localities are currently using AI technologies, others are in the process of integrating or still deciding whether and how to adopt them, and for what uses. The available options pose different levels of risk and require balancing the potential of AI technologies to enhance efficiency, effectiveness, and fairness with potential challenges, such as associated costs, public trust considerations, data security risks, and long-term sustainability. The increasing development of new AI technologies presents a timely opportunity to provide evidence-informed insights as decision makers navigate the complexities of these technologies. This rapid expert consultation offers practical insights into how state and local governments can effectively integrate AI technologies into public services and governance processes.
40 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99363-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29152
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Strategies for Integrating AI into State and Local Government Decision Making: Rapid Expert Consultation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_series
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine assembled the ad hoc Committee on State-of-the-Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment to convene state-of-the-science workshops and develop a consensus report to advise the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on further developing the scientific foundation underlying the practice of cumulative impact assessment. This proceedings provides a summary of a workshop series that the committee convened as part of its information-gathering activities. The series included a community-engaged workshop in New Orleans, Louisiana; a virtual Town Hall with members of the community and Tribal liaison group from across the United States; and a Tribal engagement event in Aurora, Colorado. This proceedings has been prepared by the workshop rapporteurs as a summary of what occurred during the workshops.
76 pages
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7 x 10
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-09923-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09925-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29094
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of the Science and the Future of Cumulative Impact Assessment: Proceedings of a Workshop Series. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
In recent years, the global adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) has spurred significant construction and investment in new data centers and cloud computing. These data centers require large-scale continuous power, posing challenges for local electric grids and broader climate goals. To explore how to map, measure, and mitigate the impacts of AI data center electricity usage, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened the workshop Implications of Artificial Intelligence-Related Data Center Electricity Use and Emissions in Washington, DC, on November 12-13, 2024. Organized through the National Academies Roundtable on Artificial Intelligence and Climate Change, the event gathered more than 95 in-person and more than 350 virtual participants from academia, the technology industry, electric utilities, community advocacy groups, and government agencies to discuss how recent AI developments could impact energy demands, identify options to mitigate increased electricity use and emissions, and consider regional implications related to data center siting and renewable resource availability. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
116 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99204-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99205-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29101
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Implications of Artificial Intelligence–Related Data Center Electricity Use and Emissions: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Accelerating, scaling up, and transitioning technologies to produce or replace critical materials - materials that are not found or produced in the United States in quantities to meet U.S. defense needs - are essential to enable the United States to develop and sustain emerging technologies and improve its warfighting capability. Mid-scale manufacturing and characterization capacity in combination with modeling and simulation are expected to play a key role in this effort.
To explore U.S. manufacturing and characterization capacity for mid-scale production, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Defense Materials, Manufacturing, and Its Infrastructure Standing Committee hosted the first part of a two-part workshop on January 29-30, 2025. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
20 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99232-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29117
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Mid-Scale Manufacturing and Characterization Capacity for Department of Defense Critical Materials Supply Challenges, Part 1: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
On April 7-8, 2025, the Committee on Science, Technology, and Law of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in Washington, D.C., titled "Implications of Recent Supreme Court Decisions for Agency Decision-Making." The major impetus for the workshop was the Supreme Court's 2024 decision in Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo, which overruled the principle of Chevron deference. This principle was the product of a 1984 case, Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., in which the Supreme Court directed courts to defer to reasonable interpretations made by executive agencies on ambiguous aspects of the laws they implement. Related to the Court's Loper Bright decision is a principle known as the major questions doctrine, which holds that Congress may not delegate to agencies decisions that are unheralded, transformative, and/or have major political or economic consequences without clear authorization. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
13 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99417-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29169
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Implications of Law, Policy, and Federal Agency Decision-Making Under a New Judicial Standard: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Around 10-20% of people who contract Lyme disease, the most common tickborne disease in the U.S., develop persistent, often debilitating symptoms such as chronic pain, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction. Lyme infection-associated chronic illnesses (IACI) share symptoms common to other IACI such as Long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Despite the chronic impact on the quality of life for many people, there are currently no validated interventions to treat Lyme IACI.
In response to this unmet need, the Steven & Alexandra Cohen Foundation asked the National Academies to convene a committee of experts to assess the evidence for disease mechanisms, diagnoses, and treatments of Lyme IACI and illuminate a pathway for the development of new treatments. The resulting report, Charting a Path Toward New Treatments for Lyme Infection-Associated Chronic Illnesses, makes recommendations around developing treatments that improve function and quality of life based on currently available evidence, while continuing research to identify root causes and mechanisms of the disease.
252 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73098-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73099-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28578
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Charting a Path Toward New Treatments for Lyme Infection-Associated Chronic Illnesses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Mental, emotional, and behavioral (MEB) disorders, including mental illness and substance use disorders, affect every U.S. population group, community, and neighborhood. Existing infrastructure focuses more on responding to MEB crises, through treatment and recovery, rather than preventing them through evidence-based policy approaches and programs. Prevention services that do exist are insufficiently funded and fragmented.
Blueprint for a National Prevention Infrastructure for Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders focuses on building and sustaining a comprehensive prevention infrastructure for MEB disorders as a whole. Conclusions and recommendations of this report focus on closing research gaps, supporting an MEB disorder prevention workforce, ensuring adequate data to support prevention and reporting, establishing clear governance, securing sustainable funding, and enacting evidence-based policies.
384 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73092-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73093-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28577
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Blueprint for a National Prevention Infrastructure for Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Cybercrime poses serious threats and financial costs to individuals and businesses in the United States and worldwide. Reports of data breaches and ransomware attacks on governments and businesses have become common, as have incidents against individuals (e.g., identity theft, online stalking, and harassment). Concern over cybercrime has increased as the internet has become a ubiquitous part of modern life. However, comprehensive, consistent, and reliable data and metrics on cybercrime still do not exist - a consequence of a shortage of vital information resulting from the decentralized nature of relevant data collection at the national level.
Cybercrime Classification and Measurement addresses the absence credible cybercrime data and metrics. This report provides a taxonomy for the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the purpose of measuring different types of cybercrime, including both cyber-enabled and cyber-dependent crimes faced by individuals and businesses, and considers the needs for its periodic revision. This report was mandated by the 2022 Better Cybercrime Metrics Act (BCMA).
160 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73461-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73462-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29048
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Cybercrime Classification and Measurement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Symposium_in_brief
Many of the challenges engineers seek to address through their work - from increased access to clean water and transportation to climate change adaptation - are inextricably tied to human rights, and addressing them holistically requires embedding human rights frameworks into engineering practice. In turn, efforts to advance human rights can be strengthened by incorporating engineering expertise, problem-solving approaches, and novel technologies.
To explore these concepts, the National Academy of Engineering Cultural, Ethical, Social, and Environmental Responsibility in Engineering program and the Committee on Human Rights of the National Academy of Sciences conducted a symposium on November 18-19, 2024. Participants discussed ways to increase awareness of the role that engineers play in protecting and promoting human rights and explored ways that human rights-based approaches in engineering might help engineers and human rights experts solve pressing challenges. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the symposium.
104 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99323-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99324-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29141
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Issues at the Intersection of Engineering and Human Rights: Proceedings of a Symposium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The Every Day Counts (EDC) Program is a key component of the Technology and Innovation Deployment Program (TIDP) within the U.S. Federal Highway Administration at the U.S. Department of Transportation. It works to increase the use of new technologies and approaches that can speed the planning and completion of transportation projects.
CRP Special Release 5: Evaluation of the Every Day Counts Program, from the Transportation Research Board, provides a summary of the EDC Program evaluation conducted from 2023 through 2024.
68 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73353-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73354-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28871
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Evaluation of the Every Day Counts Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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0 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 030974766X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29166
National Research Council. 2005. Report of the Treasurer for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31 2004. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The asphalt pavement industry has a long history of using recycled materials in asphalt mixtures to achieve engineering, economic, or environmental benefits. One example is reclaimed asphalt pavement, which is one of the most recycled materials in the United States.
NCHRP Research Report 1143: Evaluation of Post-Consumer Recycled Plastics in Asphalt Mixtures via the Dry Process, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, evaluates the impact of post-consumer recycled plastics on the performance properties of asphalt mixtures when added using the dry process.
150 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73331-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73332-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28867
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Evaluation of Post-Consumer Recycled Plastics in Asphalt Mixtures via the Dry Process. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
On May 16-17, 2024, the National Academies held a workshop to explore how various stakeholder engagement strategies can support communities that may host federally funded energy infrastructure projects. During the event, experts from national and regional community-based organizations, academia, federal agencies, and private-sector project developers shared successful case studies and discussed best practices for negotiating community benefits. This proceedings summarizes the workshop discussions and synthesizes the key lessons learned.
82 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72776-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72777-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27996
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Leveraging Community Benefit Frameworks: Empowering Communities to Benefit from Federally Funded Energy Projects: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Although traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability for adults over the age of 65, knowledge gaps and clinically relevant differences in TBI injury, recovery, and outcomes in this age group limit evidence-based care guidance. The National Academies organized a public workshop in October 2024 to explore what is known about TBI among older adults, discuss unmet research needs, and consider opportunities to address gaps and support the translation of new knowledge to practice.
64 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-09962-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09963-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29099
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Approaches to Address Unmet Research Needs in Traumatic Brain Injury Among Older Adults: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
In February 2025, the National Academies Roundtable on Population Health Improvement hosted the fourth workshop in its Elevating the Structural Drivers of Population Health series, focusing on the implications of economic systems on health and well-being. The workshop examined how democratic principles and approaches can inform the economic system and improve conditions for population health and well-being.
13 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99357-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29149
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Economic Systems as a Structural Driver of Population Health Through the Lens of Democracy and Governance: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Recognizing the value of managing a broader range of assets beyond pavements and bridges, many state departments of transportation (DOTs) are developing dynamic inventories of various ancillary assets in their Transportation Asset Management Plans. Examples include hydraulic structures like culverts and drainage systems and overhead sign and signal structures and signal systems.
NCHRP Synthesis 647: Management Practices for Ancillary Transportation Assets, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents how state DOTs manage ancillary transportation assets, including those managed via performance-based approaches.
166 pages
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8.5 x 11
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73498-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73499-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29059
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Management Practices for Ancillary Transportation Assets. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Advances in genome sequencing technologies, like next-generation sequencing, provide powerful tools that have vastly improved the detection and classification of pathogens and disease outbreaks and support data-driven public health responses. In July 2024, the National Academies Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore opportunities to advance the use of pathogen genomics and metagenomics data in the U.S. public health system. Speakers considered the application of these technologies to monitoring disease, characterization of emerging pathogens, rapid public health response to outbreaks, and biomedical research.
128 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-09984-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09986-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29103
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Accelerating the Use of Pathogen Genomics and Metagenomics in Public Health: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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