Traffic safety culture is a complex topic spanning a range of sociological and philosophical concepts as they relate to transportation safety and the systemic framework that produces different kinds of traffic safety-related outcomes.
NCHRP Web-Only Document 382: Traffic Safety Culture: Conduct of Research Report, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, contributes to the body of research on traffic safety culture and is designed to help build a practical trajectory for conducting research that will further grow the practice in the United States.
The document is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1091: Traffic Safety Culture Research Roadmap.
114 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71588-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27489
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Traffic Safety Culture: Conduct of Research Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Dial-a-ride and fixed-route transit options are some of the ways that microtransit services have traditionally been implemented in rural areas. App-based booking and dynamic routing are among the newer offerings transit agencies are exploring to provide greater flexibility and more spontaneous options for users.
TCRP Synthesis 178: Microtransit Solutions in Rural Communities: On-Demand Alternatives to Dial-a-Ride Services and Unproductive Coverage Routes, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, provides a comprehensive overview of rural microtransit operations through a literature review, surveys of 19 transit providers, and case examples of seven agencies. High customer satisfaction and improved service efficiency were frequently cited as benefits of microtransit solutions.
100 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-99179-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99180-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29085
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Microtransit Solutions in Rural Communities: On-Demand Alternatives to Dial-a-Ride Services and Unproductive Coverage Routes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Run-off-road traffic crashes account for almost one third of the deaths and serious injuries each year on U.S. highways. The effective design of roadsides, including the placement of roadside safety devices, can reduce the frequency and/or severity of these crashes but requires an understanding of the nature and frequency of roadside encroachments.
NCHRP Web-Only Document 427: Roadside Encroachment Database and Analysis, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, details a plan to develop a database that can be used to evaluate the effects of characteristics of the nature and frequency of roadside encroachments and associated crashrelated factors.
The project deliverables include an excel database and a coding manual among other documents.
460 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-99247-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29123
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Roadside Encroachment Database and Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The Committee on Human Rights (CHR) promotes engagement with internationally recognized human rights norms to help shape effective, sustainable, and just responses to societal challenges. It advocates and marshals support for members of the research, technological, and health care communities who come under threat as a result of repression and discrimination. This annual report summarizes the activities of CHR in 2024.
1 pages
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29067
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Committee on Human Rights: Annual Report 2024. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Changes to the landscape of food safety threats, and the introduction of new regulations to address these concerns increasingly have nutrition, economic, and equity implications. In September 2024, the National Academies Food Forum hosted a public workshop to explore the hazard and risk-based communications strategies and approaches to safeguarding both domestic and global food systems. This Proceedings of a Workshop highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop.
76 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73085-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73086-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28575
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Safeguarding the Food Supply: Integrating Diverse Risks, Connecting with Consumers, and Protecting Vulnerable Populations: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Since its inception, NASA's Science Activation program has demonstrated considerable success in leveraging the agency's strong public reputation and resources to engage a diversity of audiences in science education projects nationwide. As the program nears the end of this second five-year funding cycle, NASA tasked the National Academies with reviewing its progress and making strategic recommendations for its next round of funding. This consensus study report reflects on the successes of the past few years, addresses persistent challenges, and outlines a pathway forward for Science Activation.
102 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72749-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72750-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27989
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Assessing NASA Science Activation 2.0: Progress, Achievements, and Strategic Recommendations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Aquatic organism passage (AOP) water crossing design is an evolving field at the nexus of the built environment and the natural world. When successful, AOP water crossings provide sustainable transportation infrastructure and environmental benefits via connected habitats for fish and other aquatic organisms.
NCHRP Synthesis 646: Design, Construction, and Monitoring Practices for Aquatic Organism Passage, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents current practices of state departments of transportation in the design, construction, and monitoring of AOP water crossing structures.
110 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73479-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73480-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29054
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Design, Construction, and Monitoring Practices for Aquatic Organism Passage. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Global demand for animal-derived foods such as meat, eggs, and milk is increasing, even as arable land and water to support animal production are declining worldwide. Among the approaches to meet global demand in a resource-constrained future is the genetic improvement of livestock to increase the efficiency and sustainability of animal agriculture. Food-animal breeders are beginning to leverage advances in the fields of genomics and biotechnology to make targeted changes in DNA, called heritable genetic modifications (HGMs), that can be passed onto subsequent generations, thereby significantly accelerating the process of genetic improvement in populations of food animals.
At the request of Congress, Heritable Genetic Modification in Food Animals examines the biological basis of potential health risks relevant to the regulation of HGMs in food animals. This report considers whether hazards could arise during the development of HGM food animals, the methods available to detect hazards, and the likelihood that they could result in harm. Heritable Genetic Modification in Food Animals recommends conducting additional research to fill gaps in understanding of how both HGM techniques and conventional breeding methods influence animal welfare and the quality of animal foods, establishing a study group to gauge public attitudes toward animal biotechnology in agriculture, and developing best practices for public engagement regarding such technologies.
184 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71843-0
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-71844-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27750
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Heritable Genetic Modification in Food Animals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), which serves as the primary source of dietary guidance from the federal government, provides recommendations for dietary intake and healthful dietary patterns - including alcohol intake. DGA recommendations are informed by systematic reviews. The last review on alcohol and health conducted for the DGA focused on all-cause mortality in 2020; however, questions related to weight changes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurocognitive health, and lactation have not been examined since 2010.
To inform the next edition of the DGA, Congress tasked the National Academies with convening an expert committee to independently review the evidence on the relationship between moderate alcohol consumption and eight health outcomes including obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. The resulting report, Review of Evidence on Alcohol and Health, presents the committee's findings and conclusions and does not offer dietary recommendations or advice.
252 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73115-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73116-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28582
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Review of Evidence on Alcohol and Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the life sciences have the potential to enable advances in biological discovery and design at a faster pace and efficiency than is possible with classical experimental approaches alone. At the same time, AI-enabled biological tools developed for beneficial applications could potentially be misused for harmful purposes. Although the creation of biological weapons is not a new concept or risk, the potential for AI-enabled biological tools to affect this risk has raised concerns during the past decade.
This report, as requested by the Department of Defense, assesses how AI-enabled biological tools could uniquely impact biosecurity risk, and how advancements in such tools could also be used to mitigate these risks. The Age of AI in the Life Sciences reviews the capabilities of AI-enabled biological tools and can be used in conjunction with the 2018 National Academies report, Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology, which sets out a framework for identifying the different risk factors associated with synthetic biology capabilities.
172 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73335-9
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73336-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28868
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. The Age of AI in the Life Sciences: Benefits and Biosecurity Considerations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Nam_special_pub
Climate change is a defining health challenge of the 21st century. Its impacts, from heat-related illness and extreme weather to food insecurity and mental health distress, are already affecting populations across the United States and globally. However, gaps in research, data, infrastructure, and public engagement hinder the nation's ability to respond effectively and equitably.
A Research Agenda to Protect Human Health and Build Resilience in the Face of a Changing Climate outlines a bold vision to advance climate-health research. This agenda identifies key research domains including health impacts, adaptation and mitigation strategies, infrastructure and capacity building, and policy and public engagement. The publication provides actionable guidance to accelerate transdisciplinary science, inform evidence-based policy, and support community resilience, especially for those most vulnerable to climate threats.
90 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73216-6
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73217-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28669
National Academy of Medicine. 2025. A Research Agenda to Protect Human Health and Build Resilience in the Face of a Changing Climate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
As an integral part of their surrounding communities, Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs) and Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are often well positioned to conduct community-engaged health and resilience research. The Gulf Research Program of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on October 29, 2024 to discuss opportunities for MSIs and HBCUs to increase participation, competitiveness, and leadership in community-engaged health and environmental research. This Proceedings of a Workshop in-Brief provides a high-level summary of the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
15 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-10376-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29113
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Building Health and Resilience Research Capacity in the U.S. Gulf Coast: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal, infectious prion disease affecting the central nervous system of some species of Cervidae-animals such as deer, elk, and moose. Recognized as a disease in the 1980s but suspected to have been present in the United States for decades longer, CWD affects both captive and free-ranging cervids and has been reported in 35 states and five Canadian provinces of North America as of August 1, 2024. The potential ramifications of the increasing spread of CWD are serious, and include negative impacts on ecosystems, and large economic costs for agencies with management responsibilities related to cervids and for industries that depend on cervids or cervid products. Cultural and food security impacts for communities with traditions tied to cervid hunting are also impacted.
In 2020, Congress passed America's Conservation Enhancement (ACE) Act (P.L. 116-188), directing the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to lead a task force for addressing CWD in the United States drawing on a study commissioned from the National Academies. This report will assist the task force in prioritizing research and developing future CWD management strategies. It describes the state of knowledge regarding how CWD is transmitted among cervids, the current distribution of disease outbreaks, and the effectiveness of current diagnostic, prevention, and control methods available to limit the spread of the disease.
202 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-71478-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73382-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27449
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. State of Knowledge Regarding Transmission, Spread, and Management of Chronic Wasting Disease in U.S. Captive and Free-Ranging Cervid Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
Decarbonization brings both risks and opportunities to the macroeconomy. Achieving net-zero emissions by mid-century may involve sweeping changes in technologies, policies, and systems, and the ways in which these changes are implemented may have profound impacts on communities, industries, economies, and nations. To elucidate multiple aspects of the ways in which decarbonization and the macroeconomy interact, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, under the auspices of the Roundtable on Macroeconomics and Climate-related Risks and Opportunities, convened a workshop on September 12-13, 2024. In panel discussions, an interactive breakout session, and a poster session, participants explored emerging insights on the macroeconomic and socioeconomic implications of decarbonization strategies and lessons learned from engagement with communities, industries, and governments around decarbonization pathways. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
92 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73466-5
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73467-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29050
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Macroeconomic Implications for Decarbonization Policies and Actions: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Our current information ecosystem makes it easier for misinformation about science to spread and harder for people to figure out what is scientifically accurate. Proactive solutions are needed to address misinformation about science, an issue of public concern given its potential to cause harm at individual, community, and societal levels. Improving access to high-quality scientific information can fill information voids that exist for topics of interest to people, reducing the likelihood of exposure to and uptake of misinformation about science. Misinformation is commonly perceived as a matter of bad actors maliciously misleading the public, but misinformation about science arises both intentionally and inadvertently and from a wide range of sources.
Understanding and Addressing Misinformation About Science characterizes the nature, scope, and impacts of this phenomenon, and provides guidance on interventions, policies, and future research. This report is a comprehensive assessment of the available evidence and reflects a systems view of the problem given the broader historical and contemporary contexts that shape the lived experiences of people and their relationships to information. The report aims to illuminate the impacts of misinformation about science and potential solutions across a diversity of individual peoples, communities, and societies.
356 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-72395-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-72396-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27894
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Understanding and Addressing Misinformation About Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Airport parking is an important customer amenity and a principal source of revenue that helps fund the operation and development of airports. In recent years, growing volumes of passenger traffic and increasing competition from a variety of airport access providers have encouraged airports to seek new ways to attract airport parkers and enhance revenues, which may include implementing an online booking system.
ACRP Synthesis 140: Airport Parking Reservation Systems and Techniques, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, documents the use of online booking systems at U.S. airports, including their benefits, costs, and implementation challenges.
60 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73407-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73408-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29030
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Airport Parking Reservation Systems and Techniques. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Each year, the Gulf Research Program (GRP) produces an annual report to summarize how funds were used. These reports review accomplishments, highlight activities, and, over time, will assess metrics to determine how the program is progressing in accomplishing its goals. The 2023 annual report is the tenth report in this series.
The National Academies' Gulf Research Program is an independent, science-based program founded in 2013 as part of legal settlements with the companies involved in the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster. The GRP's mission is to develop, translate, and apply science to enhance the safety of offshore energy, the environment, and the wellbeing of the people of the Gulf region for generations to come. It supports innovative science, guides data design and monitoring, and builds and sustains networks to generate long-term benefits for the Gulf region and the nation.
28 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-10427-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29116
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Gulf Research Program Annual Report 2023. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Oral health is essential to overall health and well-being, but an epidemic of oral diseases - with regional dental professional shortages and a lack of dental insurance - is leaving many without sufficient dental care. In November 2024, the National Academies hosted a hybrid public workshop to discuss practices and models for improving oral health across the lifespan. Discussions covered main factors affecting oral health, including health policy, payment models and insurance coverage, community engagement, and workforce issues.
13 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-09932-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/29096
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Advancing Oral Health Across the Lifespan: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Work zones may present imminent safety hazards for roadway workers as well as passing motorists due to several factors, including driver distraction, changes in traffic patterns, narrowed rights of way, and general congestion. In addition to safety concerns, work zones, although necessary for roadway construction and maintenance activities, present mobility issues and frustrations for traveling motorists, accounting for 10 percent of overall congestion and 24 percent of unexpected freeway delays.
NCHRP Research Report 1142: Innovative Approaches to Enhancing Safety and Efficiency in Work Zones: A Guide, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, provides an overview of use cases in Smart Work Zone (SWZ) technology, emerging technologies in each of the use cases, pros and cons of SWZ technologies, best practices for emerging technologies in SWZs, and additional resources to support efforts in improving work zone safety and mobility. Supplemental to the report are a technical memorandum on implementation of the research findings and products; a PowerPoint presentation on the study; and NCHRP Web-Only Document 418: Modern Solutions to Safe and Efficient Work Zone Travel.
48 pages
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ISBN Paperback: 0-309-73324-3
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-73325-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/28850
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Innovative Approaches to Enhancing Safety and Efficiency in Work Zones: A Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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