Workshop_in_brief
The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 24, 2022 has resulted in devastation, including loss of life, massive internal and external migration, and the partial or complete destruction of facilities and infrastructure. This poses urgent challenges for Ukrainian science, education, and technology sectors. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop from September 21-23, 2022 to discuss rebuilding research, education, and innovation in Ukraine. The National Academies recognizes that the devastation of the war in Ukraine will make rebuilding particularly difficult and humanitarian aid will remain a top priority for a long time. As a result, while many of the best practices described will be difficult to implement in the short-term, the goal of the workshop was to convene the international scientific community to discuss the importance of science, innovation, and education to long-term rebuilding and post-war future.
This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief provides a high-level summary of the workshop discussions on best practices for managing science, higher education, innovation, and research funding from the international community.
16 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70864-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27212
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Rebuilding Research, Education, and Innovation in Ukraine — Ukrainian version: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The National Academies Standing Committee on Reproductive Health, Equity, and Society and the National Academy of Medicine, committed to equitable access to quality reproductive health, hosted a webinar, After Roe: Physician Perspectives and Workforce Implications, in May 2023. Discussions increased awareness and promoted dialogue in the medical, public health, societal, and general population. Speakers explored clinician workforce impacts of legal restrictions on the provision of reproductive health services in the U.S. Practicing physicians from obstetrics-gynecology, maternal-fetal medicine, family medicine, emergency medicine, and oncology provided their perspectives on the effects of the legal limitations on their well-being (e.g., moral distress), professional futures, and institutional supports. Perspectives included individuals from a range of states with varying legal restrictions. This proceedings document summarizes the discussions held during the webinar.
5 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70863-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27211
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Physician Perspectives and Workforce Implications Following the Repeal of Roe v. Wade: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
On February 7-8, 2023, the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable of the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop for its membership and invited guests to discuss how to foster the health and productivity of the U.S. research enterprise in the context of challenges and potential solutions driven by new partnerships and other opportunities related to economic security and competition. The workshop considered critical elements to promote and strengthen research commercialization, including new protection and security frameworks for intellectual property, advancement of U.S. leadership in international standards organizations, and best practices to promote technology transfer. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
11 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70774-9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27190
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Strategic Innovation and Commercialization: Supporting IP and Tech Transfer to Advance U.S. Research Competitiveness: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
On March 6-8, 2023, at the Francis Crick Institute in London, the UK Royal Society and Academy of Medical Sciences, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Medicine, and UNESCO-The World Academy of Sciences held the Third International Summit on Human Genome Editing. A follow-up to earlier international summits held in Washington, DC, in 2015 and in Hong Kong in 2018, the third summit examined scientific advances that have occurred since the previous summits and the need for global dialogue and collaboration on the safe and ethical application of human genome editing. The first two days of the summit focused largely on somatic human genome editing, where the cells being altered are non-reproductive cells - as a result genetic changes cannot be passed on to future generations. The third day of the summit broadened the discussion to include heritable human genome editing, in which genetic changes could be passed on to descendants. This publication highlights the presentations and discussion of the event.
14 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70392-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27066
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Third International Summit on Human Genome Editing: Expanding Capabilities, Participation, and Access: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop
The mission of the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine is to advance discussions on the barriers and opportunities encountered by Black students and professionals as they navigate the pathways from K-12 and postsecondary education to careers in science, engineering, and medicine (SEM) and highlight promising practices for increasing the representation, retention, and inclusiveness of Black men and Black women in SEM. This proceedings serves as a summary of the presentations and discussions from a capstone workshop, held virtually on December 6 and 7, 2021, to review how anti-Black racism had permeated across the topics covered by the Roundtable over the previous 2 years.
144 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-69289-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-69290-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26692
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. The State of Anti-Black Racism in the United States: Reflections and Solutions from the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
On November 14 and 15, 2022, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a two-day workshop under the auspices of the National Science, Technology, and Security Roundtable to assess the state of the U.S. research enterprise in a time of increasing global competition. The workshop also featured discussion of the challenges confronting researchers as they seek to ensure the vitality of research and innovation in America, foster increased international scientific research cooperation, and simultaneously counter illicit foreign interference that threatens national security interests. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
6 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70438-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27091
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Openness, International Engagement, and the Federally Funded Science and Technology Research Enterprise: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Consensus
Robust monitoring, detection, and verification capabilities are necessary to provide decision makers with critical information regarding nuclear threats and to support deterrence and nonproliferation by uncovering efforts to clandestinely develop a nuclear capability or enhance an existing capability. The United States has significant capabilities to monitor, detect, and verify nuclear weapons and fissile material production in foreign states, but in order to address future challenges and avoid surprises, these capabilities must be strengthened and maintained through research and development and operationalization of new technologies.
Congress tasked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to undertake an independent review and assessment of the United States capabilities for monitoring, detection, and verification of nuclear weapons and fissile material in the fiscal year 2020 National Defense Authorization Act. The study committee released an extensive interim report in April 2021 after an initial phase of data gathering. Following an additional data-gathering period that included examining restricted information unavailable to the committee during the initial phase of the project, the committee produced a final report in January 2023. In that report, the committee reassessed the findings and recommendations made in its interim report and found them to be supported and confirmed by the additional information. This document, the public summary of the final report, reproduces the findings and recommendations from the interim report and includes the committee's commentary regarding many of the interim report findings and recommendations after additional data gathering.
46 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-68845-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26558
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control Monitoring, Detection, and Verification: A National Security Priority: Summary of the Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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More than 100 U.S. institutions of higher education hosted Confucius Institutes (CIs), Chinese government-funded language and culture centers, on campus during the late 2000s and 2010s. While CIs provided a source of funding and other resources that enabled U.S. colleges and universities to build capacity, offer supplemental programming, and engage with the local community, CIs presented an added, legitimate source of risk to host institutions with respect to academic freedom, freedom of expression, and national security.
By 2017, deteriorating U.S.-China relations led some U.S. colleges and universities to reconsider the value of having a CI on campus. Sustained interest by Congress and political pressure led numerous U.S.-based CIs to close, especially following the passage of the Fiscal Year 2019 National Defense Authorization Act, which contained a provision that ultimately barred institutions receiving Department of Defense (DOD) critical language flagship funding in Chinese from hosting a CI. While this provision allowed for a waiver process - and several affected colleges and universities applied for waivers in 2018 and 2019 - DOD did not issue any waivers. Today, seven CIs remain on U.S. university and college campuses. At the request of DOD, Confucius Institutes at U.S. Institutions of Higher Education presents a set of findings and recommendations for waiver criteria to potentially permit the continued presence of CIs on U.S. university campuses that also receive DOD funding.
118 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-69486-8
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-69487-6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26747
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Confucius Institutes at U.S. Institutions of Higher Education: Waiver Criteria for the Department of Defense. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The Gulf Research Program of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has developed a program to strengthen community resilience, the Enhancing Community Resilience (EnCoRe) initiative. EnCoRe aims to reduce inequities in health and community resilience; advance research and practice in health and community resilience; and build the capacity of communities for addressing the impacts of climate change and disasters on at-risk populations. To achieve these goals, EnCoRe will support long-term, multiyear community engagement projects that partner directly with select communities across the Gulf region and Alaska.
This report develops findings and recommendations intended to help guide EnCoRe in identifying, selecting, and engaging with communities as it moves forward with the initiative. Strengthening Equitable Community Resilience examines past and current community engagement efforts and other relevant materials, particularly those that have included communities in the Gulf region and Alaska, for the purpose of identifying guiding principles and lessons learned and then develops a set of guiding principles to identify criteria for selecting the participating communities in the EnCoRe program.
104 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-70005-1
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70006-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26880
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Strengthening Equitable Community Resilience: Criteria and Guiding Principles for the Gulf Research Program's Enhancing Community Resilience (EnCoRe) Initiative. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
Domestic and international competition for STEM talent is driving institutions across the research and innovation landscape to consider new policies and partnerships for building and managing STEM knowledge and skills. New levels of investment in human capital to increase U.S. innovation capacity and competitiveness will require coordination and collaboration among academic institutions, workforce development programs, labor organizations, companies, and funders of research and education.
On October 18-19, 2022, the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable convened a workshop for its membership and invited guests to consider the strategic priority of human capital investment in preparing the future workforce and supporting national innovation capacity. The workshop discussions examined the state of U.S. workforce preparation and considered trends in supply and demand for human capital to meet the needs of a transforming research enterprise. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
13 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70332-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27042
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Developing Human Capital to Support U.S. Innovation Capacity: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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The National Science Foundation (NSF) asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a quadrennial review of the NSF Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs, in accordance with a legislative mandate. Drawing on published research plus existing data, Review of the SBIR and STTR Programs at the National Science Foundation analyzes the effectiveness of NSF award selection process and postaward assistance; the effectiveness of the STTR program in stimulating new collaborations; the economic and noneconomic impacts of the programs; effectiveness of the programs in stimulating technological innovation and supporting small, new firms across the technological spectrum; and the role of the programs in providing early capital to firms without other significant sources of support.
142 pages
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6 x 9
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-70027-2
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70028-0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26884
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Review of the SBIR and STTR Programs at the National Science Foundation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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With the support of the National Academies leadership and the more than 1,500 Academy members who actively support our work, the Committee on Human Rights (CHR) continues to assist colleagues under threat around the world and integrate human rights into the work of the National Academies. This publication highlights the assistance provided by CHR to at-risk colleagues and advocacy work and events hosted by CHR during 2022 to draw attention to colleagues suffering human rights abuses as a consequence of their professional activities and their exercise of internationally protected rights.
28 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70247-X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/27011
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Committee on Human Rights: Annual Report 2022. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Efforts over the last several decades to increase the participation and leadership of Black men and women in the scientific and medical workforce have had limited results. Despite many individual successes, the number of Black professionals in science, engineering, and medicine (SEM) fields has not reached a level that corresponds with African American representation in the country at large. Structural racism affects progress at all stages along the pathway - from young children through graduate and medical students through faculty and clinicians at all levels. Beyond entry into educational programs or recruitment into workplaces seeking to diversify, challenges persist to achieve equity and inclusion for Black males and females. Moreover, psychological barriers confound the engagement of Black men and women in SEM fields.
To explore these issues and suggest solutions, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine launched the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine. Over the past 2 years, the Roundtable has convened workshops on K-12 education, the impact of COVID-19, financial burdens to pursuing SEM careers, and other topics. Sessions during each of these workshops identified psychological factors related to those specific topics. To have a more targeted discussion, the Roundtable convened a virtual workshop on September 14-15, 2021. As summarized in this proceedings, panelists and participants identified policies and practices that perpetuate these factors and explored solutions toward achieving and maintaining wellness, especially among students and young professionals.
118 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-69285-7
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-69286-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26691
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Psychological Factors That Contribute to the Dearth of Black Students in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Symposium_in_brief
On September 22, 2022, the National Academy of Sciences held a symposium entitled Endless Frontier 2022: Research and Higher Education Institutions for the Next 75 Years. The event was a follow up to a February 2020 NAS symposium convened to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the landmark report Science, the Endless Frontier.
Building on the 2020 symposium and on lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic, the September 2022 symposium sought to generate tools, strategies, and actionable steps that people and institutions can implement to ensure that science and technology continue to serve the public good. The symposium was designed to progress from broad perspectives that encompass the entire science and technology enterprise to consideration of more specific issues. This proceedings summarizes the 2022 symposium.
54 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-69961-4
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-69962-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26863
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Transforming Research and Higher Education Institutions in the Next 75 Years: Proceedings of the 2022 Endless Frontier Symposium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Scientists and health professionals have long been targeted in connection with their professional work. Though this problem preceded the pandemic, it has emerged as a major concern, both in the United States and globally, as a result of COVID-19. Since the onset of the pandemic, scientists and health professionals have been subjected to threats and other attacks - online and offline - resulting from their efforts to combat the spread of COVID-19 with public health interventions and information. Reports of violence - carried out by numerous actors, including governments, groups, and individuals - are wide ranging and have come from all over the globe. In some cases, scientists, health professionals, and other groups have been targeted by multiple sources simultaneously, putting them at heightened risk of harm.
Beginning September 1, 2022, the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Committee on Human Rights hosted five webcasts examining the global problem of COVID-19-related attacks on researchers and health professionals, along with concerns regarding repression of information during the pandemic and implications for internationally protected rights. Topics included the targeting of scientists and public health professionals for providing evidence-based health information, global patterns of violence against health personnel, censorship and the right to information, science communication and human rights amid public health emergencies, and constructing a human rights framework for online health-related speech. This Proceedings of a Symposium-in Brief provides a high-level summary of the issues discussed during the series.
10 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-70180-5
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26936
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Attacks on Scientists and Health Professionals During the Pandemic: Proceedings of a Symposium—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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As part of a multiyear project to promote a cooperative relationship between U.S. and Pakistani human and animal health and infectious disease experts, the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, together with the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, convened a bilateral workshop in Islamabad, Pakistan, to promote best practices in and improved communications, cooperation, and coordination among public, private, military, and animal health clinical laboratories in Pakistan. The workshop, "Strengthening and Sustaining a Network of Public and Animal Health Clinical Laboratories in Pakistan," was held on September 27-29, 2016.
Pakistani life science, public health, veterinary, and clinical laboratory experts, graduate students from Pakistani institutions of higher learning, and U.S. scientists/clinicians met at the workshop to explore questions facing human and animal health policy makers in Pakistan. This publication summarizes presentations and discussions of the workshop.
108 pages
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paperback
ISBN Paperback: 0-309-48572-X
ISBN Ebook: 0-309-48573-8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/25288
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Strengthening and Sustaining a Network of Public and Animal Health Clinical Laboratories in Pakistan: Proceedings of a Joint Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Research shows that organizations with large power differentials are more likely to be associated with high rates of sexual harassment than organizations with smaller power differentials, and power differentials are a key feature of the structure of higher education. Research also reveals that when power differentials are abused and sexual harassment occurs, the consequences can be more negative than harassment coming from an individual with equal or less power, and those affected by harassment can experience a greater level of harm.
This issue paper from the Remediation Working Group of the Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education focuses on mitigating the negative aspects of power differentials - those that can take the form of sexual harassment or sexually harassing behavior toward individuals and groups. Following an overview of power differentials in higher education, the paper describes the importance of understanding power differentials through an intersectional and equity lens. It then defines eight types of power differentials that frequently occur within academia. Recognizing that power differentials are engrained in society, the goal of this paper is to compel readers to advocate for and develop policies, practices, and innovative strategies by which institutions can acknowledge and remediate the misuse of power differentials and develop supportive structures and systems for those who experience sexual harassment.
28 pages
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-69081-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26631
Kleinman, D. L. and J. M. Thomas (Eds.). 2023. Preventing Sexual Harassment and Reducing Harm by Addressing Abuses of Power in Higher Education Institutions: Issue Paper. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Workshop_in_brief
The Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable (GUIRR) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was founded in 1984 to convene the senior-most representatives from government, universities, and industry to define and explore critical issues related to national and global science and technology issues. On June 28-29, 2022, GUIRR convened a workshop for its membership and invited guests to consider current and proposed cross-sector partnerships that enhance science and technology innovation, national security, and national prosperity, and to explore the motives, responsibilities, concerns, and objectives that bring institutions to the table to pursue and sustain partnerships. This publication highlights the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
12 pages
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8.5 x 11
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ISBN Ebook: 0-309-69749-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17226/26830
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Enhancing U.S. Science and Innovation with Novel Cross-Sector Partnerships: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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