First Name
Last Name
Email (required)
I agree to receive emails from the National Academies (required)

We respect your privacy and will never share your information.

Search this publication

Front Matter i-viii
1 - Introduction 1-1
Factors Affecting Dry Matter Intake 2-4
ENERGY 5-5
Requirements of Lactating and Pregnant Cows 6-7
Requirements of Growing Animals and Mature Bulls 8-8
The Energy Value of Feeds 9-9
Units of Protein Requirement and Supply 10-10
Factors Influencing the Requirement for Absorbed Protein 11-13
Factors Influencing the Supply of Absorbed Protein 14-14
BACTERIAL AND PROTOZOAL CRUDE PROTEIN 15-15
Special Considerations for Feeding Urea 16-16
Effects on Energy Supply 17-17
Effects on Reproduction 18-18
Relation of Absorbed and Crude Protein Requirements 19-19
Calcium 20-22
Phosphorus 23-24
Sodium 25-25
Potassium 26-26
Magnesium 27-27
Sulfur 28-28
Cobalt 29-30
Copper 31-31
Iodine 32-32
Manganese 33-33
Molybdenum 34-34
SELENIUM 35-35
Zinc 36-37
Cadmium 38-38
Fluorine 39-39
Lead 40-40
Mercury 41-41
Vitamin A 42-43
Vitamin D 44-44
Vitamin E 45-45
Vitamin K 46-46
Niacin 47-47
Pyridoxine 48-48
WATER 49-51
Ketosis 52-52
FAT 53-54
FIBER 55-55
Cow Diets 56-57
Feeding Recommendations 58-58
BRANCHED-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS AND N-VALERIC ACID 59-59
ANTIBIOTICS 60-60
HORMONES 61-62
Energy, Crude Protein, Calcium, and Phosphorus 63-64
Undegraded and Degraded Intake Protein Calculations 65-65
OTHER NUTRIENTS 66-66
Mineral and Vitamin Supplementation 67-67
Using Table 6-5 Data for Nonlactating Dairy Animals: Example 4 68-68
COMPUTER-FORMULATED RATIONS 69-70
5 - Prediction Equations 71-77
DRY MATTER INTAKE REQUIREMENTS 78-78
Lactating and Pregnant Cows 79-79
MAXIMUM TOLERABLE DIETARY LEVELS OF CERTAIN ELEMENTS 80-88
7 - Composition of Feeds 89-115
References 116-137
Appendix Tables 138-147
Index 148-157

Log In

Former MyNAP users: You'll need to reset your password on your first login to MyAcademies. Click "Forgot password" below to receive a reset link via email. Having trouble? Visit our FAQ page to contact support.

Members of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, or National Academy of Medicine should log in through their respective Academy portals.

Email (required)
Password (required)

Don't have an account?

Register

Email (required)
New password (required)
Retype password (required) Password must be at least 8 characters
I agree to receive emails from the National Academies
I accept the terms of use
terms of use

Thank You

Thank you for creating a MyAcademies account!

Enjoy free access to thousands of National Academies' publications, a 10% discount off every purchase, and build your personal library.

Forgot Password

Enter the email address for your MyAcademies (formerly MyNAP) account to receive password reset instructions.

Email (required)

Reset Requested

We sent password reset instructions to your email . Follow the link in that email to create a new password. Didn't receive it? Check your spam folder or contact us for assistance.

Reset Password

New password (required)
Retype password (required) Password must be at least 8 characters

Reset Password

Your password has been reset.

Verify email

Verify Your Email Address

We sent a verification link to your email. Please check your inbox (and spam folder) and follow the link to verify your email address. If you did not receive the email, you can request a new verification link below

Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle,: Sixth Revised Edition, Update 1989 (2000)

Chapter: Special Considerations for Feeding Urea

My Academies

Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle,: Sixth Revised Edition, Update 1989 (2000)

Chapter: Special Considerations for Feeding Urea