Improving Birth Outcomes: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World (2003)
Chapter: Acronyms
Acronyms
3TC
lamivudine
ACTG
AIDS Clinical Trials Group
AFP
Alpha-feto protein
AIDS
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
ANC
Antenatal care
APFD
Antepartum fetal death
ARI
Acute respiratory infection
ART
Antiretroviral therapy
AZT
zidovudine
BCG
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine (to prevent tuberculosis)
BEOC
Basic essential obstetric care
BMI
Body mass index
CARE
Cooperative for Relief and Assistance Everywhere
CDC
Centers for Disease Control
CEOC
Comprehensive essential obstetric care
CFR
Case fatality rate
CI
Confidence interval
CM
Congenital malformations
CMV
Cytomegalovirus
CNS
Central nervous system
CPD
Cephalic-pelvic disproportion
CRS
Congenital rubella syndrome
DALY
Disability adjusted life years
DHS
Demographic health surveys
ECLAMC
Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations)
ECV
External cephalic version
EmOC
Emergency obstetric care
EOC
Essential obstetric care
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
GNP
Gross National Product
Hg
Hemoglobin
HiB
Hemophilus influenza Type B
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
ICBDMS
International Clearing House for Birth Defects Monitoring Systems
ICD
International Classification of Diseases
IDD
Iodine-deficiency disorders
IDDM
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
IMCI
Integrated management of childhood illnesses
IMMAT
Deaths due to immaturity
IMMPACT
Initiative for maternal mortality programme assessment
IMPAC
Integrated management of pregnancy and childbirth
IMR
Infant mortality rate
INCLEN
International Clinical Epidemiology Network
IOM
Institute of Medicine of the U.S. National Academies
IPFD
Intrapartum fetal deaths
IU
International units
IUGR
Intrauterine growth restriction (formerly retardation)
IV
Intravenous
LBW
Low birth weight (less than 2.5 kilograms)
MCH
Maternal and child health
MMR
Maternal mortality rate
NGO
Nongovernmental organization
NIH
National Institutes of Health of the United States
NMR
Neonatal mortality rate
NTD
Neural tube defects
NVP
Nevirapine
PHC
Primary health care
PIH
Pregnancy-induced hypertension
PMR
Perinatal mortality rate
PPH
Postpartum hemorrhage
PTB
Preterm birth
RCT
Randomized, controlled trials
RTI
Reproductive tract infections
SGA
Small for gestational age
STD
Sexually transmitted disease
STI
Sexually transmitted infection
TB
Tuberculosis
TBA
Traditional birth attendant
UNFPA
United Nations Fund for Population Activities
UNICEF
United Nations Children’s Fund
USAID
United States Agency for International Development
VHW
Village health worker
VLB
Very low-birth-weight (less than 1,500 grams)
WHO
World Health Organization
